ORGANIC VS. INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Another way of classifying chemical compounds…
Let’s Recap...• WE can classify substances as Acids and Bases• H in front of the formula = Acid• OH at the end of the formula = Base• If the substance is neither = a SALT• WE can classify substances as IONIC or COVALENT
• Ionic = metal and a non-metal bonded (transfer e-)
• Covalent= 2 non-metals bonded ( share e-)
Every compound in the world is classified as either Organic, or Inorganic.
• Did you know that well over 50% of all known compounds on earth are Organic compounds??
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS•Organic compounds contain carbon (C) and usually hydrogen (H)
•Sometimes other types of atoms are also attached, including: oxygen, halogens, and nitrogen
Is that why foods are called “organic”?
Organic actually derives from “coming from life”, because the compounds that plants and animals make are all C-compounds
This is not the meaning of organic foods though! In this case organic foods refer to being
produced without chemicals (ironically many of these chemicals are actually ORGANIC compounds!)
INORGANIC COMPOUNDS•DO NOT contain carbon and Hydrogen…
• NaS•Li F•CuCl2
•Carbon Monoxide (CO),and Carbon Dioxide (CO2), and Carbon Trioxide (CO3)
•Compounds containing cyanide (CN-) ions•Compounds with an C and an H BUT the H is written first!! HCO3
Why are they so special?• Carbon has four electrons in its valence shell, which allows for more chemical bonding possibilities than any other element.• Long chains of carbons form petroleum and plastics
• Some cyclic (“circular”) rings of carbons form pesticides
The acetaminophen molecule:the active ingredient in Tylenol
There are 2 Types of Organic compounds.
•Hydrocarbons•Alcohols
Hydrocarbons• A hydrocarbon is an organic compound that contains
only carbon and hydrogen.
• Hydrocarbons are based on a carbon “backbone”, or chain, with hydrogen atoms added on the sides
You know about hydrocarbons already!
• The simplest hydrocarbons are ones that you might recognize…• Methane (CH4)--- main component of
natural gas
• Ethane (C2H6)--- also found in natural gas
• Propane (C3H8) --- used as a fuel for BBQs
• Butane (C4H10) --- an extremely flammable fluid used in industrial torches
• Octane (C8H18)---a combustible liquid in gasoline
• All hydrocarbons are flammable, and most are liquids are room temperature
Alcohols• Alcohols are organic compounds with C, H and O.• The simplest alcohols are:
• Methanol (CH4O)--- used in labs as a solvent but causes blindness!
• Ethanol (C2H6O)---is a psychoactive drug (present in alcohol), but is now being considered as a fuel source
• Isopropyl alcohol (C3H8O)---rubbing alcohol used to sterilize cuts
• Alcohols are generally very flammable
ORGANIC OR NOT???
DNA
ORGANIC---DNA is has a sugar backbone, which consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
ORGANIC OR NOT???
Vegetable Oil
ORGANIC--- oils and fats are long-chain carbon compounds, which are used by living things as a way of storing energy
ORGANIC OR NOT???
Sulphuric Acid
NOT! Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) is the strong acid found in car batteries, but doesn’t contain carbon and isn’t organic
ORGANIC OR NOT???
Corn starch
ORGANIC! Starch is produced by plants as a way of storing sugars that they don’t need right away
ORGANIC OR NOT???
Copper (II) Sulphate
NOT! Copper (II) sulphate is a beautiful blue crystal, but does not contain carbon and is definitely not organic!
Three different representations:
1. Structural formula- lists the elements and their proportions in the order they are bonded
MethaneCH4
MethanolCH3OH
Acetic Acid (Vinegar)CH3COOH
Three different representations:
2. Ball-and-stick model- each element is given a different colour and/or size and the picture shows how many and how the elements are bonded
Each black ball represent C… Each white ball represents H…The red ball represents O…
This is Ethanol! (alcohol group -0H)
Three different representations:
3. Space-filling model- similar to a ball-and-stick model, but an animated model that shows how elements are connected
Heme- the iron-containing component of hemoglobin, C34H32FeN4O4
Methylisocyanate- a valuable synthetic component for biology CH3N=C=S
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