8/12/2019 Oncology Nursing and chemotherapeutics
1/4
ONCOLOGY NURSING
Cancer is a NEOPL STI , M LI N NT,CUR LE, and an IDIOPATHICDisease.NEOPLASMS HAVE TWO DIFFERENT TYPES: IT IS EITHER BENIGNOR MALIGNANT.
TWO TYPES OF METASTASIS:TUMOR (New Growth) OR HEMATOGENOUS(e.g. Leukemia)
CARCINOGENESIS IS THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CANCER.
*note: CA means Cellular Aberration
Factors in the Development of cancer;
Decreased apoptosisIncreased proliferation
Abnormal proliferation
Phases:
Initiation: includes external factors such as carcinogens
Promotion: includes internal factors such as oncogene associated with genetics
Progression: cells complete transformation which leads to invasion and metastasis
*Endometriosis is a the only benign tumor that is metastasizing
Risk factors:
Bacteria and viruses:
H. PyloriGastric CA
Epstein Barr virusNasopharyngeal CAHPV - Cervical CA
Chemicals
AlcoholsLiver Cancer
SmokingAll CA * Alcohol + Smoking = 2x Effect
NitrosaminesFound in Cosmetics, Latex, Pesticides, Rubber Products
BenzopyrenesGrilled Foods
Hydrocarbonssmoke belched
AflatoxinAmag Nuts and rice
TalcOvarian CA
Chronic Irritation
Multiple Sexual Partners
Toxic Diethi fat, low fiber> Colon CA
*Cruciferous foods (cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage) can prevent prostate CA
*Carotenoids (carrots and tomatoes- which is high in lycopene) are anti CA agents
8/12/2019 Oncology Nursing and chemotherapeutics
2/4
Early Detection and Prompt Treatment:
Breast CA: BSE, Mammography
Cervical CA: Pap Smear over age 18in between menses annually
Colorectal CA: DRE,Guiac Test, Colonoscopy
Prostate CA: DRE, PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS:
1. Biopsymost definitive test for cancerAspirational Biosywith use of fine needle
Excisional BiopsyRemoval of the Entire tumor- for small sized tumor only
Incisional Biopsy - only a portion of tumor is being removedfor big sized tumors.
2. Cancer MarkersChemical Being produced by cancerBreast CACA-153/ BRCA 1&2
Colon CACEACarcinoembryonic Antigen
Prostate CA - Increased PSA
Liver CAIncreased AFP
3. Host Response MarkertNF (Tumor Necrotic Factor)Suppresses Satiety Center of the Brain Appetite Center (Hypothalamus)
Sever Anorexia
Muscle wasting / Muscle weight lossCACHEXIA
Weight Loss
CHEMOTHERAPY: kills rapid dividing cells*
*Hair cells- alopecia
Lasts for 2-3 weeks (Cut hair before chemo)
Child/boy/manuse cap
Preventionice helmet intermittent application of 30 minutes.
*Mucus membranestomatitis/mucositis
Use of soft toothbrush, bland soft dietViscous lidocaine
*Gonads- Infertility
*Bone marrow depression
Anemia
Neutropenia PANCYTOPENIA
Thrombocytopenia
ROUTES OF CHEMOTHERAPY:
ORAL- MOST CONVENIENT
IVMOST DANGEROUS AND DEADLIEST
INTRAMUSCULAR RARELY GIVEN
INTRATHECAL OMMAYA RESERVOIR
INTRAPERITONEAL- COLON CANCER
INTRAVESICALTHRU FOLEY CATHETER
DANGEROUS CHARACTERISTICS:
TERATOGENIC
CARCINOGENIC
VESICANT
PHOTOSENSITIVE- USE ALLUMINUM FOIL
HAZARDS:
INHALATION
SKIN ABSORPTION/TOPICAL
INGESTION MOST COMMON
8/12/2019 Oncology Nursing and chemotherapeutics
3/4
8/12/2019 Oncology Nursing and chemotherapeutics
4/4
FLUSHING OF INTERMITTENT IV DEVICES
SALINE LOCK:SALINE FLUSH ADMINISTER DRUGSALINE FLUSH
HEPARIN LOCK:SALINE FLUSH ADMINISTER DRUGSALINE FLUSHHEPARIN FLUSH
RADIATION TREATMENTDamages DNA of the Cell to Decrease Replication
TELETHERAPY/EXTERNAL RADIATION THERAPYpainless procedure that last from 15 -30 mins
NEVER LET THE PATIENT REMOVE THE SKIN MARKING Instruct the patient that the treatment is painless No residual radiation after treatment Redness, swelling , peel off Use plain water, NOsoap, lotion, moisturizer
TELETHERAPY DONE ON THE PELVIS
DIARRHEA CYSTITIS ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION VAGINAL STENOSIS STERILITY
TREFOIL SIGN - RADIOACTIVE
Top Related