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th l fOJACC 25th Annual Conference
Reducing Recidivism Through Collaboration
Council of State Governments Justice Center
Marc PelkaAugust 15, 2011
CSG Justice Center
• National non-profit, non-partisan membership association of state government officials
• Represents all three branches of state government
• Justice Center provides practical, nonpartisan advice informed by the best available evidence
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 2
Criminal Justice / Mental Health
Consensus Project
Reentry Policy Council
JusticeReinvestment
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Funders and Partners
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Justice Reinvestment in the States
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Justice Reinvestment Three-Part Strategy
1
Bipartisan, inter-branch, bicameral structure
2 3
Analyze Data & Develop Policy Options
Adopt New Policies
• Identify assistance needed to implement policies effectively
• Deploy targeted reinvestment strategies to increase
• Analyze data to look at crime, court, corrections, and supervision trends
• Solicit input from stakeholders
Measure Performance
• Track the impact of enacted policies/programs
• Monitor recidivism rates & other key measures
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strategies to increase public safety
• Review implementation progress
stakeholders
• Map allocation of resources
• Develop policy options & estimate cost savings
measures
Presentation Overview
J ti R i t t I Ohi Ph I RJustice Reinvestment In Ohio: Phase I Recap
JR in North Carolina: A Comparison Case
Building the Bridge from JR Phase I to II
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Building the Bridge from JR Phase I to II
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For state prisons, cutspresent new problems
�“We have no drug treatmentprograms at medium securityor above (facilities),�” saysJustin Jones, director of theOkl h D t t f
present new problemsBy John Gramlich, Stateline Staff Writer
Oklahoma Department ofCorrections. �“We eliminated allsex offender treatment, eventhough it was mandated bystatute.�”
Probation officers hit by statewideProbation officers hit by statewidebudget cutsMar 18, 2011By Melissa Leu and Mary J. CristobalIllinois Statehouse News
�“We have probation officers who are supervising more than probably twotimes what the state standards say that we ought to supervise �” saidtimes �… what the state standards say that we ought to supervise, saidDennis Meyers, Winnebago�’s director of court services. �“Unfortunately,there�’s still people that are on probation that need probation officers to seethem. So we have less people to see them, but we try to do the best we can.�”
�“Probation in Illinois has made such progress in the last 10 to 15 years,�”Dallas said. �“It's so disappointing to think that we might be going backwards.�”
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Crime ridden Camden, N.J., cuts policeforce nearly in halfy
The mayor of crime ridden Camden, New Jersey, hasannounced layoffs of nearly half of the city's police force andclose to a third of its fire department.
One hundred sixty eight police officers and 67 firefightersl id ff d ffi i l l l $
January 18, 2011|By the CNN Wire Staff
were laid off Tuesday, as officials struggle to close a $26.5million budget gap through a series of belt tighteningmeasures, Mayor Dana Redd told reporters. The layoffs takeeffect immediately.
Riding Along With the Cops in Murdertown, U.S.A.
What Flint is now is one of America�’s murder capitals. Last yearp yin Flint, population 102,000, there were 66 documentedmurders. The murder rate here is worse than those in Newarkand St. Louis and New Orleans. It�’s even worse than Baghdad�’s.After the door is unlocked and I enter police headquarters, it iseasy to see why. There are only six patrolmen on duty for aSaturday night. So broke is Flint that the city laid off two thirdsof its police force in the last three years. The front desk lookslike a dusty museum piece.
�“Sometimes, we don�’t get to a call for two days,�” he says. Last fall,an elderly couple called after being held up at gunpoint in theirdriveway. The police arrived on the scene five hours later.
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Fiscal Challenges Forcing Examination of Policy Effectiveness
Shortfall as Percent of Total State Budget(2011)
Ohio
BudgetShortfall
PrisonPopulationGrowthProjected
$8 billion
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 11Source: Center on Policy and Budget Priorities
+2,8712010 2015 (5 yrs)
$FY2012 13 biennium
Challenges Facing Ohio�’s Prison System
51,000
53,000
55,000
39,000
41,000
43,000
45,000
47,000
49,000Prison Population Up 9 percent
(2000 �– 2010)
�–Population Projection Up 7 percent
(2011 2015)
Prison Crowding 33 percent of Capacity(2010)
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35,000
37,000
,
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Interim Reports to JR Working Group
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Extensive Stakeholder Engagement
Law EnforcementProsecutors
Victim Advocates
JudgesProbation
Defense Bar
Justice Reinvestment
in Ohio
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Behavioral Health Treatment Providers
Community Corrections
Local Government Officials
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Policy Conference Distills Analyses into Key Findings
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First, Inefficient Use of Prison on Low Level Offenders
People convicted of fourth and fifth degreefelonies account for half of annual prisonadmissionsadmissions
Two thirds of these admissions were peopleconvicted of nonviolent property and drug offenses
Many sentences are so short that most people do not receiveprogramming or even make it past reception centers
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Roughly three quarters of these individuals are thenreleased to the community with no supervision
p g g p p
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Second, No Admission Criteria for Diversion Programs
�… state funding forcommunitycorrections programscorrections programshas increased, but alack of admissioncriteria for theseprograms makesthem less costeffective at divertingoffenders �…
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$117 millionFY2006
$137 millionFY2010
State Funding for CBCF, HWH,Prison & Jail Diversion Programs
Third, a Patchwork of Probation Supervision
No standards apply statewide to all departmentsProbation Population statewide to all departments
No data are collected statewide80% Supervised
with No State Standards
20% Supervised with State Standards
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State funds a large percentage of all probation
services locally
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Thirteen Point JR Policy Framework
Manage growth of the prisonpopulation and reducespending on corrections
Increase the costeffectiveness of existingcriminal justice investments
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criminal justice investments
Reinvest in strategies that canincrease public safety
Focus on people most likely to reoffend
PROBLEM DATA POLICY CHANGE
DRC Database
No Data Sharing
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Hold Offenders Accountable in More Meaningful Ways
PROBLEM DATA POLICY CHANGE
F1: 2,0598%
Felony Level Offense Types
Sex : 602 (4%)
008
8%
F2: 3,13312%
F3: 6,39524%
Person: 2,38216%
Property : 5,02833%
10,375Admissions
AveragePrison Stay:
Pris
on A
dmis
sion
s in
20
1st Felony?
Probationmust be imposed
F4: 6,77725%
F5: 8,29631%
15,073
56% Drug: 5,34735%
Burglary + Other: 1,714 11%
9 months
$189 million Annual Cost
p(min. of 1 year),unless:• firearm• physical harm• Insufficient
programming
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Reinvest in high performing programs
PROBLEM DATA POLICY CHANGE
$ illi$104 millionImpact of Ohio ResidentialCorrectional Programs onRecidivism
44%F4 / F5s asConditionofprobation
No targetpopulation, basedon risk or likelihoodof incarceration
HIGHRISK
PRISONBOUND
Target population
of incarceration
No statutoryaccountability forpoor performingprograms
Admission criteria filterout unsuitablepopulations
22
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Strengthen probation supervision
PROBLEM DATA POLICY CHANGE
> 250,000PROBATIONERS
Probation is the key to theeffectiveness of Ohio�’scriminal justice system.
MinimumMinimumd dd d
DataDataCollectionCollection
ReduceReduceDuplicationDuplication
RelativelyRelativelyS iftS ift
No minimum standards.
No data.
Practices varysignificantly by county,municipality, and evencourtroom. 23
standardsstandardsSwifterSwifterViolationViolationHearingsHearings
Landmark Legislation Approved, Signed into Law
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�“[This law] is not just going to save money forthe State of Ohio; it�’s going to apply thatmoney in ways that can remediate, give
people a chance.�”
Governor John Kasich
House of Representatives96 2
Senate30 3
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Reinvestment:$20 million
4 Year Savings:
$46 million
53 858000
55,000
50,987
53,858
48,17749,000
50,000
51,000
52,000
53,000
54,000Status QuoForecast
45,000
46,000
47,000
48,000
Dec 10 FY 11 FY12 FY13 FY14 FY15
Impact
25
Presentation Overview
JR I Ohi Ph I RJR In Ohio: Phase I Recap
JR in North Carolina: A Comparison Case
Building the Bridge from JR Phase I to II
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Building the Bridge from JR Phase I to II
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Justice Reinvestment in North Carolina
41,110
Status Quo Forecast
43,220
39 000
42,000
45,000
ActualPopulation
31,58130,000
33,000
36,000
39,000
27
BudgetShortfall
Prison PopulationGrowth Projected
+2,1102011 2017 (6 yrs)
$2.4 billionFY2012
Mandatory supervision following prison release
986%Lack of supervisionafter prison contributespublic safety risk 9
months86%
No SupervisionHigher Re Arrest Rate
9
public safety risk.
51% of those releasedunsupervised are rearrested within 3 years.
No accountabilityduring re entry.
Results in revocation
12months
monthstime being less thanremaining time onsupervision.
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Focus on people most likely to reoffend
$120 millionspent monitoring
100 000+ probationers
LOW
9 percentre arrested
100,000+ probationers
�… all being supervised
ProbationRevocation Ratefor Low RiskOffenders
+49 %Since 2005
HIGH
31 percentre arrested
more or lessthe same way.
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Improve state/county coordination
PROBLEM DATA POLICY CHANGE
Mi dMisdemeanorOffenders 1/4
of prisonadmissions
aremisdemeanoroffenders Misdemeanor offenders may be housed
in a county jail, under the followingconditions:
Original Proposal:Shift them
to county jails.
3 monthsaverage
length of stay
• Sheriff voluntarily accepts• Bed space exists• Reimbursed by new state
fund, supported by fees.
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Reinvest in high performing programs
PROBLEM DATA POLICY CHANGE
$9million
Formula based Grants
• Ineffectiveprogrammodels
• No targetpopulations
• $ spent onadministration
$9million
DOC Contractsfor Serving High Risk/Need
+40%
Community Based Programs(primarily substance use treatment)
instead oftreatment
• Only served 50%of those needingtreatment
for Serving High Risk/Needwith Effective Program Models
Community Based Programs(primarily substance use treatment)
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Presentation Overview
JR I Ohi Ph I RJR In Ohio: Phase I Recap
JR in North Carolina: A Comparison Case
Building the Bridge from JR Phase I to II
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Building the Bridge from JR Phase I to II
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Phase II
2
Adopt New Policies
3
Measure Performance
1
Analyze Data & Develop Policy Options
• Identify assistance needed to implement policies effectively
• Deploy targeted reinvestment strategies to increase public safety
• Review implementation progress
• Analyze data to look at crime, court, corrections, and supervision trends
• Solicit input from stakeholders
• Map allocation of resources
• Develop policy options &
• Track the impact of enacted policies/programs
• Monitor recidivism rates & other key measures
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estimate cost savings
Justice Reinvestment Phase II States
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Key Implementation Focus: State / County Partnership to Strengthen Probation
Almost one third of all prison admissions are probation failures
This strategy shifts resources to the front end, helping probation prevent future crime.
Use Consistent Risk Assessment ToolProbationDepartments
Probation Improvement Grant
Resources to local departments tomake investments in evidencebased strategies to improvesupervision outcomes.
Meet Statewide Minimum Standards
Report Monthly Data
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ProbationDepartments
Improve Outcomes above Baseline YearFewer Failures and Revocations
Probation Incentive Grant
Additional competitive grant todepartments to further improveprobation outcomes and increasepublic safety.
Justice Reinvestment Phase II Assistance
Resources to Support Implementation Technical Assistance to Enhance PolicyImplementation
Bipartisan, Inter branch Coordination andStakeholder Engagement
Fidelity to the Goals Underpinning JR
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New Jail Dispositions
2,440 (+4%)
System Indicators: January �– March 2011
Avg. Daily Jail Population (2008)
15,17118%(0%)
Crimes Reported (2008)
Violent Index Crimes:
50,166 ( 8%)
Property Index Crimes:
293,585 ( 5%)
Arrests (2008)
Violent Index Arrests:
12,398 ( 14%)
Property Index Arrests:
35,166 ( 4%)
Jail
Split Jail/Probation
27%( 7%)
New Split Jail/ProbationDispositions
3,697 ( 22%)
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Thank You
Marc Pelka(646) 383 [email protected]
Council of State Governments Justice Center | 37
This material was prepared for the [insert name of contractor/congressionalcommittee/government agency]. The presentation was developed by members ofthe Council of State Governments Justice Center staff. Because presentations arenot subject to the same rigorous review process as other printed materials, thestatements made reflect the views of the authors, and should not be consideredthe official position of the Justice Center, the members of the Council of StateGovernments, or the funding agency supporting the work.
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