Of Popes and Kings7.34 Demonstrate understanding of the conflict and cooperation between the Papacy and European monarchs, including Charlemagne, Gregory VII, and Emperor Henry IV.
Objectives I can understand the power of the pope’s
and kings during the Middle Ages
So that we can understand the cooperation and conflict between the pope and king
I will know I have it when create a Venn Diagram that shows the power of the Kings and Popes
A power shiftIn early Middle Ages nobles and knights held the most power
As time went on Kings and Popes both gained powerKings – Political powerPopes – Religious Power
The Power of the PopesHead of the Christian church
Which pretty much all of Europe belonged to
Was seen as God’s representative on Earth
Decided what the church would teach If you went against the church you
would be excommunicated Cast out from the church
The Power of KingsRuled their landsControlled everything political
Tax rates Armies Land distribution Laws Created alliances
Power was passed down through family
The Holy Roman EmpireGrew out of Charlemagne’s empireEmperor could only take the
throne with the approval of the Pope Would be elected by nobles
Squabbles between the King and Nobles were settled by the Pope
Pope ProblemsWestern Europe viewed the Pope as
the head of the churchEastern Europe however never heard
from the popeThe bishops did whatever they wantedOne pope did not like this
Pope Leo IX
Pope Leo IX splits the churchWanted to bring ALL of Europe under his
controlEastern Bishops didn’t like it
Especially the Bishop of ConstantinoplePope Leo excommunicated the Bishop
People had to choose sides Pope Leo’s side became Roman Catholics Bishop of Constantinople became the Orthodox
Church
Popes and Kings ClashPopes wanted power/Kings
wanted powerThis can only be a bad thing
For example:Popes normally selected BishopsKings thought they should be
able to
Popes and Kings Clash This came to a head with Pope Gregory
VII and King Henry IV Pope Gregory did not like a Bishop chosen
by King Henry Henry tried to convince the Bishops to
remove Pope Gregory In return Pope Gregory excommunicated
Henry and convinced the Nobles to overthrow him
A desperate manKing Henry wanted to stay in power
He traveled to Italy to beg forgivenessHe stood in the snow for three days
barefoot before being allowed to see Pope Gregory
Eventually King Henry was restored to the church and throne
Concordat of WormsFinally in 1122 a new pope and
new king made a compromiseChurch officials would choose the
bishopKing would have to approve
Bishop would have to obey the King
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