October 2005
Saccharomyces cerevisiae bio-active cell
European patent (n.0111202)
European patent (n.98116181.3)
AN INACTIVATED SACCHAROMICES CEREVISAE
(SC)
PRODUCED BY A PATENTED PROCESS TO PRESERVE NUTRITIONAL CONTENT
USE OF YEAST IN RUMINANTS
• 40S: first research in
USA• 50s-60s:
researches on SC show
growth effects of +6% with 8 gr/head/day
USE OF YEAST IN RUMINANTS
PUBLISHED STUDIES: 2 BEFORE 1980 41 BETWEEN 1980-1990 150 FROM 1990 TO DATE
In USA dairy cows using SC move from 19% in 90s from 51% to day
DOXAL starts
researching and manufacturing SC
1975
• Dead or alive cells?
Two main questions:
• Why Saccharomyces Cerevisiae?
Piva et al (1984) SC increase fiber digestion in rumen
Dawson(1990)Williams(1991) Girard(1996):SC stimulates Megasphaera Elsdenii
Federique Chacheyras-Durand INRA (1995): SC stimulates Megasphaera Elsdenii
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
Chacheyras(1995): SC increases cellulosolytic fungi
Feedstuffs n.24(10-6-96) SC inactivates mycotoxins in rumen
MECHANISM OF ACTION:
Erasmus(1992)-Dawson(1990) Megasphaera Elsdenii and Selenomonas Ruminantium are
stimulated by peptides of SC
Nisbet-Martin(1991):Selenomonas ruminantium is stimulated by malic
acid of SC
Wallace(1991):SC increase dry matter intake
Explanations involving compounds contained INSIDE the cell:
Dead or Alive•Calleway-Martin(1997) :vitamins, aminoacids,organic acids
•Nisbet-Martin((1991) : malic acid
•Dawson(1990)-Girard(1996) short chain peptides
•INF. ZOOTEC(1995)many authors:increase of Ruminococcus albus by short chain peptides.
•Cevolani –Pepe(2001)Vit b,glutamic acid,glutathion,nucleotides,nucleosides,
•Erasmus(2002):short chain peptides
Explanations to support live yeast
• Newbold(1996)• Wallace (1998)
SC increases O2 consumption
in rumen?
VanSoest - Nutritional Ecology of Ruminants
Fantuz (1999)
Ilkyu Yoon Feed International (2003)
University of Turin:propionic acid at 0,5% toxic for SC (in rumen 4%)
WHY THIS LAST
EXPLANATION IS FALSE?
SC cannot survive in rumen:
In 1995 University of Piacenza (PIVA) made a trial in vitro with Yea –sacch (ALL-TECH) where it proved to be effective in stimulating Megasphaera Elsdenii.
The in vitro medium was completely anaerobe
How should be the ideal yeast for
ruminants?
BIO-ACTIVE BUT NOT ALIVE
•It has to keep its content intact until it reaches the rumen.
•It should not have any activity that delays the release of this substances in rumen.
•The cell wall must be degradable in the rumen
•It must have a high number of cells per gram of product
BIO-ACTIVE BUT NOT ALIVE
Why THEPAX ® is
the ideal yeast?
• 30 years experience
• 2 European Patents (n.0111202)
• Bio-active but not alive
• It is the best strain for rumen enviroment
• High number of cells per gr of product (30 x 109)
THEPAX ® cells viewed at electron microscope
WHY ADMINISTERING LIVE SC WHEN IT DOES NOT SURVIVE
IN THE RUMEN?
BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT ABLE
TO “KILL” THE CELL WITHOUT DESTROYING IT
THEPAX ®
in ruminants
UNIVERSITY OF PIACENZA- ITALY
IN VITRO: rumen content from fasting heifers containing 250ppm Thepax
Control ThepaxVFA 119mg/
100ml150 mg/100 ml
UNIVERSITY OF PIACENZA- ITALY
IN VIVO:fistulated heifers, fed Thepax 10g/head
Control Thepax
Acetic Acid (mMol%) 57 69
pH 6.69 6.89
Butyric Acid (mMol%)
9.05 14.71
(Piva et All., Microbial.Alim. Nutr.1991)
COMPARATIVE TEST ON 40 FIRST-LACTATION COWS (South France, 2003),BETWEEN LIVE YEAST VS
THEPAX
TESTCONTROL
LIVE YEAST (lb)
THEPAX(lb)
DIFFERENCE(lb)
P. VALUE
PRE-TEST WEIGHTS
75.6 76.3 0.7 0.583
WEEK 1 62.1 69.9 7.8 0.001
WEEK 2 72.7 74.4 1.7 0.560
WEEK 3 65.6 70.1 4.5 0.115
WEEK 4 64.3 71.1 6.8 0.020
WEEK 5 61.7 69.1 7.4 0.005
Avg. test weights
65.3 70.9 5.6 0.021
POST TEST WEIGHTS
64.3 66.7 2.4 0.530
MEGASPHAERA ELSDENII
0
2
4
6
8
10
L-lactate consumed Acetate Propionate
mM
M.elsdenii M.elsdenii + Thepax
BACTERIAL METABOLITES
*
**
**
**
5
5,2
5,4
5,6
5,8
6
6,2
6,4
6,6
6,8
HAY HAY+BARLEY
CONTROL
THEPAX The pH drop induced by concentrate feeding is somewhat reduced by feeding THEPAX©
4,80
5,00
5,20
5,40
5,60
5,80
6,00
6,20
6,40
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Thepax
Control
feeding Hours after feeding
pH
THEPAX© stabilises the daily variation in rumen pH.
•Tartari-Benatti -University of Turin
•Bullocks from 336 to 430 kg
Control Thepax3gr Thepax 6gr Avilamycin340mg
839 918 986 958
Daily Gain (gr)
Mr Busso Marco Farm
Cavour(Torino) Italy
Trial : March ,27th,1995
Breed used in the trial
Blonde d’Aquitaine
Results of the trial:
ControlInitial weight:377kgFinal weight:462,7kgAdg : 1,948kgIntake: 8,99 kg DM
THEPAX ® 10gr
Initial weight:395kgFinal weight:
484,7kgAdg : 2,040kgIntake:9,50 kg DM
(feed and hay given ad libitum)
Feed composition:
• Hay ad libitum• Feed composition:
Corn 63 %Wheat bran 20 %Soyabean meal 12 %Doxal premix 3 %Calcium soap 2 %
Trial on fattening lambs :
54 lambs from 4.5 to 38 kg
ADG (gr):
Control : 343
Thepax : 359 (400g/ton)
Feed Consumption:
Control : kg 100.7
Thepax : kg 104.6
Licee’ de Saint Affrique-GuitardFeb. 2005
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