He/She mustn’t be late. He/She must have at
least three years’ experience in education.
He/She doesn’t have to have good ICT skills.
He/She has to be fun. He/She doesn’t have to
be a native speaker. He/She must be over 25
years old. He/She mustn’t smoke at
school.
English teacher wanted
Imagine you are responsible for finding a suitable candidate to fill a position for a new English teacher at the school.
Work in pairs/small groups and decide which of the following sentences describe a good candidate.
Ima
ge
s: E
xso
du
s a
nd
Nu
tda
na
i A
pik
ho
mb
oo
nw
aro
ot
/ F
ree
Dig
italP
ho
tos.
ne
t
The meaning of “must”
He/She must have at least three years’ experience in education.
He/She must be over 25 years old.
We use must to talk about _____________
necessity/obligation absence of necessity/obligation (= don’t need to) prohibition
We use must to talk about _____________
necessity/obligation
• must + infinitive WITHOUT “to” • Only for present reference, not for past reference
The meaning of “mustn’t”
He/She mustn’t be late.
He/She mustn’t smoke at school.
We use mustn’t to talk about _____________
necessity/obligation absence of necessity/obligation (= don’t need to) prohibition
We use mustn’t to talk about _____________
prohibition
mustn’t + infinitive WITHOUT “to”
The meaning of “have to” He/She has to be fun. We use have to to
talk about _____________
necessity/obligation absence of necessity/obligation (= don’t need to) prohibition
We use have to to talk about _____________
necessity/obligation
•They HAVE to be fun. • DO you HAVE to work on Saturday? • DOES she HAVE to work on Saturday? • In pastpast She/They HAD to be fun• DID you HAVE to go to the meeting yesterday?
The meaning of “don’t have to” He/She doesn’t have to
be a native speaker. He/She doesn’t have to
have good ICT skills.
We use don’t have to to talk about _____________
necessity/obligation absence of necessity/obligation (= don’t need to) prohibition
We use don’t have to to talk about _____________
absence of necessity/obligation (= don’t need to)
• She DOESN’T HAVE to be a native speaker.
but • They DON’T HAVE to be native speakers. • In pastpast She DIDN’T HAVE to be a native speaker.
Unit 23: must, have to, should Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 4 (sentences C, D,
E, I, J, K) Activity 5 Activity 6
More information & practice
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