NUTRITION
Mrs. Wankadiya
© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth
Think about Your Reasons
for Food Choices
Why is Food Necessary?
Metabolism = all the chemical reactions in the body.Breakdown and building up of molecules.
Food + Oxygen Energy (ATP) + CO2 + H2O + heat
Energy is used to:build body structures, carry out chemical reactions, move.
© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth
The Nutrients• Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, water, minerals, vitamins
© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth
Energy
Calories = kilocalories, kcal.
Kilocalorie / Calorie = amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 degree Celsius.
© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth
© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth
Should you choose this?
Lower energy density
This 450-gram breakfast delivers 500 kcal = 1.1 kcal/g)
Should you choose this?
Higher energy density
This 144-gram breakfast delivers 500 kcal, = 3.5 kcal/g)
USDA GuidelinesInteractive & Customizable
Daily Value (DV)
Nutrient DV % of Total CaloriesFat 65 g 30%Carbohydrate 300 g 60%Fiber 25 gProtein 50 g 10%
© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth
USDA Food Guide for 2000 Calorie diet
Quantity Food Group2 cups Fruit2 ½ cups Vegetables3 cups Milk / fortified soy6 oz Grain (3 oz whole grain)5 ½ oz Meat / eggs/ legumes, nuts6 teaspoons tsp Unsaturated Vegetable oil
© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth
© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth
Vegetarians
Need:
– Protein• Legumes, fortified grain
– Iron • with foods high in vitamin C
– Zinc • Legumes, whole grains, Nuts
Menu Planning• Plan a healthy breakfast, lunch,
dinner, two snacks.
– Avoid Portion distortion– 9 inch plate– Water
Carbohydrates
What do you already know about…?• Fiber?• Endurance Athletes = Carbohydrate loading?• Atkin’s diet?• Good carbs vs Bad carbs?
Refined vs Enriched vs Whole grain Flour
• Refined = has starch and protein from endosperm only• Enriched = same as refined with some vitamins added
• Whole grain = has starch, protein from endosperm• Plus bran = fiber, nutrients• Plus germ = vitamins, minerals
© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth
Diabetes• What is Insulin?• What does Insulin do?• Causes of diabetes• Complications of diabetes
Body Fat Analyzer• Caution! This device uses bioelectric
impedance. It should not be used by a person with a history of heart disease or during pregnancy.
• Follow instructions and log in as Guest• Refer to the Chart provided.
Body Mass Index
• Body Mass Index =weight (lb) X 703height (inches)2
• Normal BMI =18.5 – 24.9
Fats
• Saturated vs Unsaturated
• Omega -3 vs Omega-6
© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth
Atherosclerosis• Inflammation in blood vessel wall• Plaque build up• LDL cholesterol
Proteins• Amino acids are building blocks of proteins• Plant sources and Animal Sources
• Protein Energy Malnutrition– Famine, Poverty, Some Elderly
Protein Energy Malnutrition• Famine, Poverty, Some Elderly• Marasmus Kwashiorkar
Vitamins
• Fat soluble: A,D,E,K• What do you know about them?• Food sources:• A Carrot, sweet potato, dark green veggies• D Fortified milk, fish• E Greens, wheat germ, egg, oils• K Spinach, cabbage, canola oil
Vitamins
• Water soluble: C, B• What do you know about them?• Scurvy• Folate• Niacin• Are too many egg whites bad for you?
© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth
Vitamin C Deficiency:
© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth
Thiamin B1 Deficiency: Beriberi
© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth
Riboflavin B2 Deficiency:
Cheilosis: redness around mouth
© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth
Pellagra /Niacin B3 Deficiency:
© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth
Folate B9
• Prevents Neural tube defects – spina bifida
• Improves Heart health• May protect against cancers
© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth
Minerals
What do you know about…?• Sodium• Potassium• Iron (what is pica?)• Calcium• Iodine• Trace minerals
© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth
© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth
Goiter /Iodine Deficiency:
© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth
Any Other Concerns…?
• Pesticides, Genetically modified food• Infectious diseases• Eating disorders• Agribusiness• Environment• Safe handling of food
© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth
Misinformation and Quackery
© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth
© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth
© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth
Find Out: Who was Norman Borlaug?
Enjoy Moderation
VarietyExercise
© 2008 Thomson - Wadsworth
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