Vocabulary
Absorption – to take intoAbsorption – to take into Calorie – measurement for the Calorie – measurement for the
amount of energy in foodamount of energy in food Chemical Digestion – Chemical Digestion –
Breakdown food into new Breakdown food into new substancessubstances
Enzyme – substance produced Enzyme – substance produced by the body to aid chemical by the body to aid chemical digestiondigestion
Vocabulary
Hormone – substance produced Hormone – substance produced and secreted by the body to and secreted by the body to control certain functions control certain functions
Mechanical Digestion – breakdown Mechanical Digestion – breakdown food into smaller piecesfood into smaller pieces
Peristalsis – wavelike muscle Peristalsis – wavelike muscle contractions to push food through contractions to push food through the digestive systemthe digestive system
Metabolism – all chemical Metabolism – all chemical reactions in the bodyreactions in the body
Nutrition:
__________ needed for energy to __________ needed for energy to carry out life functionscarry out life functions
Energy in food is measured in Energy in food is measured in ________________________
Food
Calories
Nutrients:NutrientNutrient UseUse SourcesSources
Primary source of Primary source of energyenergy
Sugars:Sugars:
Starches: Starches:
FatsFats __________energy__________energy
__________ the body __________ the body Cushion and support Cushion and support organsorgans
ProteinsProteins Build and ________ Build and ________ Fish, Lean meatFish, Lean meat
Eggs Eggs
Vitamins Vitamins Regulates Regulates _________the _________the functioning of the functioning of the body body
Vit. CVit. C
Vit. D Vit. D
Carbohydrates Cakes
Rice
Stored
InsulateFried food, nuts
Repair
Maintains immuneBones
Starch Sugar Glucose
Proteins Amino Acids
FatsFatty Acids & Glycerol
Nutrients:
NutrientNutrient UseUse SourcesSources
MineralsMinerals Maintain body Maintain body functionsfunctions
CalciumCalcium
Iron Iron
SodiumSodiumNeeded for chemical Needed for chemical reactions to occurreactions to occur
BonesRed blood Cells
Muscles
Water Water, Juice
Roughage
(Fiber)
Provides bulk to help push solid waste out
Raw FruitRaw VegetablesBran
Dissolves nutrients so they can be transported throughout the body
Food Labels:
What is the size of one serving? ______________What is the size of one serving? ______________
How many calories are in one serving? _______How many calories are in one serving? _______
How many grams of fat are in one serving? ______How many grams of fat are in one serving? ______
How much fiber is in one serving? ________How much fiber is in one serving? ________
How many servings are in the container? _______How many servings are in the container? _______
How many calories would you consume if you ate How many calories would you consume if you ate
the whole container? _________the whole container? _________
1 cup or 228 grams
260
12 grams
0 grams
2
520
Metabolism:
The chemical reactions occurring The chemical reactions occurring in the bodyin the body
Can be effected by hormones, Can be effected by hormones, ________, __________, and aging________, __________, and agingGender Diet
Balanced Diet:
Minimum daily intake of all nutrientsMinimum daily intake of all nutrients Effected by species, size, _______, Effected by species, size, _______,
________, and activity________, and activity If you consume more calories than you If you consume more calories than you
use, you will _______ weightuse, you will _______ weight If you consume less calories than you If you consume less calories than you
use, you will _______ weightuse, you will _______ weight Scurvy: a disease due to a ________ Scurvy: a disease due to a ________
intake of vitamin Cintake of vitamin C Diet affects the fetus during pregnancyDiet affects the fetus during pregnancy
GenderAge
Gain
LoseLimited
The new food pyramid includes daily exercise The new food pyramid includes daily exercise and the old pyramid doesn’tand the old pyramid doesn’t
Both pyramids show the amounts of each Both pyramids show the amounts of each food food group need dailygroup need daily
Digestive System:
_______________ food into useable _______________ food into useable substances (substances (____________________)____)
Two types:Two types: 1. Mechanical: breakdown food into 1. Mechanical: breakdown food into
__________ ___________________ _________ 2. Chemical: breakdown food into 2. Chemical: breakdown food into
simpler substances by using _____________simpler substances by using _____________ Absorption: nutrients are taken into the Absorption: nutrients are taken into the
____________system to be transported ____________system to be transported throughout the bodythroughout the body
BreakdownNutrients
Smaller Pieces
Enzymes
Circulatory
Organs that food passes through:
OrganOrgan FunctionFunction
MouthMouth Teeth:Teeth:
Salivary Glands: Salivary Glands:
No digestion takes place hereNo digestion takes place here
Peristalsis: Peristalsis:
StomachStomach Proteins broken down to simpler Proteins broken down to simpler proteinsproteins
Ulcer Ulcer
Most digestion occurs hereMost digestion occurs here
VilliVilli
Mechanical digestionChemical digestion starch-> sugar
EsophagusMuscular contraction
Irritation of the lining of the stomach
Secretes a thick wall of mucus
Small Intestine
Increases surface area; nutrients to be absorbed in to the circulatory system
proteins-> amino acids; sugars-> glucose; fats-> fatty acids & glycerol
Organs that food passes through:
OrganOrgan FunctionFunction
Large Large Intestine Intestine
Absorbs excess ________ to form solid Absorbs excess ________ to form solid waste waste
Stores solid waste Stores solid waste
Anus Anus
Water
Rectum
Releases waste
Organs that food does not pass through:
OrganOrgan FunctionFunction
Liver Liver Produces bile to breakdown _________ Produces bile to breakdown _________
Store bile Store bile
Produces pancreatic juice to help with end Produces pancreatic juice to help with end digestion in the _________ _____________digestion in the _________ _____________
Also produces insulin to regulate blood sugar Also produces insulin to regulate blood sugar level level
AppendixAppendix
Fats
Gall bladder
Pancreas Small Intestine
No function
Appendicitis---inflamed, needs to be removed
Teeth- Mechanical Digestion – smaller pieces
Chemical DigestionStarchSugar
No Digestion
Mechanical and Chemical DigestionSolidLiquid and ProteinSimple proteins
Produces enzymes for chemical digestion
Chemical DigestionSugarGlucoseProteinAmino Acid FatsFatty Acid and Glycerol
Stores Solid Waste
Eliminates Solid Waste
Produces Bile
Stores Bile
Absorbs excess water to make solid Waste
No Function
Review - Magnetism Strength is strongest at the poles Strength is strongest at the poles
(end)(end) Opposite poles attract, move towards Opposite poles attract, move towards
each other (North and South)each other (North and South) Like poles repel, push away from Like poles repel, push away from
each other (North and North or South each other (North and North or South and South)and South)
The closer the magnets, the greater The closer the magnets, the greater the attraction or repulsionthe attraction or repulsion
The farther away the magnets, the The farther away the magnets, the weaker the attraction or repulsionweaker the attraction or repulsion