Nursing Education
N333
A Nurse is a Nurse is a Nurse !!!
Pathways to nursing education
Other professions have one pathway of educational preparation
Nursing has 3 pathways that lead to licensure and professional status! Diploma programs Associate degree programs Baccalaureate programs
Diploma Programs
Hospital based Apprenticeship programs Usually 24 months to 3 years in duration Were the first nursing programs to emerge
Florence Nightingale – St. Thomas Hospital, London, 1860
Famous trio here in the United States Bellevue Hospital, NY New England Hospital for Women and Children,
New Haven, Conn. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
Decline in Diploma Programs
Growth of AND and BSN programs Inability of hospitals to finance nursing
education Accreditation standards Increasing complexity of health care Students earn no college credit, but may have
gateway course into an ADN program One diploma program remaining in LA
Baton Rouge General
Associate Degree Nursing
Developed in 1952 to help alleviate the nursing shortage, especially experienced with WWII
Mildred Montag – founder of Associate Degree Nursing Education
Primarily housed in community colleges Usually 2 years in length (minimum of 60
college credits) NOADN
ADN Professional Organization 8 ADN programs in Louisiana
Baccalaureate Nursing Programs
1909 – University of Minnesota Followed the three year diploma model
1919 – 7 additional BSN programs Most were 5 years 2 years liberal arts, 3 years nursing
1924 – Yale School of Nursing First nursing school established as a separate
university department with an independent budget and its own dean
Current Basic Program 4 years (minimum 120 college credits Combines general education courses and nursing
courses
Influences on the Growth of Baccalaureate Education The Brown Report ANA Position Paper The Lysaught Report The NLN Position
Statement The PEW Commission
Report
The Brown Report
Nursing for the Future – 1948 Report prepared for the National Nursing
Council Recommended that basic school of nursing
be in universities and colleges and that efforts be made to recruit men and minorities into the programs
ANA Position Paper 1965 – Educational Preparation for Nurse Practitioners and
Assistants to Nursing Concluded that the BSN should be the foundation for nursing
practice Four Major Recommendations
Education for all those licensed to practice should take place in institutions of higher learning
Minimum preparation for beginning professional nursing practice should be the BSN
Minimum preparation for beginning technical nursing practice should be the ADN
Education for assistants in health service occupations should consist of short, intensive programs in vocational education programs rather than on the job training
ANA – Additional Position Statements, 1979
Proposed that by 1985 entry into practice should be the BSN level By 1985, the minimum preparation for entry
into professional nursing practice should be the BSN
Two levels of nursing practice should be identified
Professional Technical
There should be an increased accessibility to high quality career mobility programs that use flexible approaches to individuals seeking academic degrees
The Lysaught Report
AKA – An Abstract for Action 1981 – Conducted by the National
Committee for the Study of Nursing and Nursing Education
Sponsored by the Kellogg Foundation Recommended 2 licensures for nurses
One in acute care One in distributive care
NLN Position Statement
1982 – The Position Statement on Nursing Roles
Reaffirmed the BSN as the minimum educational level for entry into practice for professional nursing, and the ADN as entry into practice for technical nursing
The PEW Commission Report
1995 - 5 Major Recommendations Change professional training to meet the
demands of the new-health care system Ensure that the health profession’s workforce
reflects the diversity of the nation’s population Require interdisciplinary competence in health
professionals Continue to move education into ambulatory
practice Encourage public service of health
professionals, students, and graduates
Other Types of Nursing Programs
Articulated programs LPN to RN ADN to BSN Diploma to ADN or BSN ADN to MSN
Alternative programs On-line programs
University of Phoenix Regents
Licensed Practical Nurse (Vocational) Licensed as an LVN or LPN Work under the supervision of an RN providing basic,
direct patient care
Accreditation Process for Nursing Education Programs Accreditation – a review process of an
educational program by an external professional accrediting organization State Boards of Nursing National League for Nursing – NLN Commission of Collegiate Nursing Education -
CCNE
Specialty Education
Basic education prepares a nurse generalist Learned specialty occurs in a hospital
program after basic education As nurses become more active, area of
practice become more specialized Certification Programs – offer certification in
different nursing specialties General requirements
Specific number of practice hours in specialty Certification exam Periodic recertification
Available through ANA, NCC, etc.
Continuing Education
Planned learning experiences beyond a basic nursing program
In Louisiana, mandatory continuing education is required to maintain licensure 5 CE’s – practicing fulltime 10 CE’s – practicing parttime 20 CE’s – not practicing
Varies by state No CE requirements in MS Higher yearly CE requirements in TX
Advanced Education
Master’s Degree Doctoral Degree
Masters Degree
Study in one particular subject area to assume advanced roles in practice, education, administration and research
Master’s level history 1899 – Teacher’s College, New York City
Focused on administration and education 1940’s/1950’s – saw an increase
Return of nurses from military service with GI benefits 1946 – National Mental Health Act
Provided funds for psych/mental health nurses 1954 – Rutger’s University
First clinical master’s – Psych/mental health Clinical Nurse Specialist
1965 – University of Colorado First Nurse Practitioner Program - Pediatric
1970 – 70 programs 1996 – 321 programs Current statistics (National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses,
2000) MSN – 7.5% Related field – 2%
Masters in Nursing Areas include:
Nursing administration Community health Psychiatric/mental health Adult health Maternal/child nursing Gerontology Rehabilitation Nursing education
Most require one year of practice experience. Takes from 18-24 mos. to complete, many have 2 focuses, ie: Education/Maternal-child nursing
Degrees awarded MA, MN, MSN and MS
Can obtain more advanced areas of practice CRNA, NP, CNS
Doctoral Education - History
1910 – Columbia Teacher’s College EdD Major – Nursing education
1934 – New York University First PhD program for nurses
1996 – 66 programs
Doctoral Studies
Motivation for this degree stems from academic advancement or tenure in educational settings. Also includes those nurses interested in research and the development of a body of nursing knowledge
Various degrees DNSc – Doctor of nursing science DSN – Doctor of science in nursing
Only one available in LA DNEd – Doctor of nursing education PhD – Doctor of philosophy
Not available in nursing in LA EdD – Doctor of education
Current statistics (National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses) 0.3% - Doctorate in nursing 0.3% - Doctorate in related field
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