Non Point Pollution
&Urban Planning Measures
Graduate Report-2013
Sustainable Environmental Planning(CE-636)
Submitted By
Malvika Jaishal
(P12UP004)
Faculty Adviser
Dr. J. E. M. Macwan
PG URBAN PLANNINGCivil Engineering Department, M.Tech. (Planning),
Semester-1
Contents
• Introduction• Pollution • Non Point Pollution
– Principal sources• Urban and suburban areas• Agricultural operations• Atmospheric inputs• Forestry and mining operations• Marinas and boating activities
• Planning Measures For Pollution• Case Study :
– Non-Point regulation in United States & India• Summary• References
Introduction
This presentation attempts to give a brief summary on the cause of Non-Point Pollution and Urban Planning approach to counteract the pollution.
It also give a short description on difference between Point and Non-Point Pollution.
It includes a case study on Non-point regulation in United States & India.
Pollution
Pollution is “something in the wrong place at the wrong time in the wrong quantity”
-(Holdgate, 1979).
Pollution classified as:• Point pollution• Non-point pollution
Non Point Pollution
• Principal sources
– Urban and suburban areas– Agricultural operations– Forestry and mining operations– Marines and boating activities
Planning Measures For Non-Point Pollution
• Identification of NPS sensitive areas• Regulation of Land use• Impose conditional use permits• Provide Buffer zone• Built Retention ponds.• Use of porous pavement• Provide vegetation filter strips• Public Involvement & education• Operation & Maintenance
Source: USEPA-Missouri Stream Team Watershed Coalition
Source: “Vegetative Filter Strips for Non-point Control in Agriculture” ANR Publication Page no-3
Nonpoint Regulation -United States
• The Clean Water Act (CWA) serves as the foundation for water quality regulation in the United States
• In 1987-. Section 319 of the amended Act requires each state to develop and implement a management programme for nonpoint pollution.
• CWA specifically states – “that return flows from irrigated agriculture and agricultural storm water discharges are not point sources.”
• A significant portion of the financial support for these efforts comes from the federal government.
• Federal funding for these programmes is currently approximately US $200 million per year
• States are employing a variety of methods to address nonpoint sources of pollution in a more coordinated way.– i.e. In 1969, the California Legislature passed the
“Porter–Cologne Water Quality Control Act”.
• Thus the United States faces significant challenges with regard to addressing nonpoint sources of pollution
Case Study : Non-Point regulation in India
• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974 (the Act) is the primary water quality management law in India.
• The Act does not explicitly address nonpoint source pollution, but several of its provisions could be used to control pollution from nonpoint as well as point sources.
• CPCB recognized in its 2000/01 annual report that nonpoint water pollution sources were becoming prominent
• The Report concluded that “the only solution to diffuse sources of pollution is to integrate land use with water management” (CPCB, 2007)
Summary
• In the absence of national initiatives, nonpoint pollution will remain a low priority at the central & state level in India. Unless and until industrial and municipal point sources of pollution are regulated effectively.
• Specific standards should be released by Govt. to control the Non-point Pollution.
Refernces 1. Keith Loague and Dennis L Corwin (2005) “Point and NonPoint Source Pollution”.published in
Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences.
2. Mark E.,Anthony & David (2006)“Vegetative FIlter Strips for Non-point Control in Agriculture,regents of university of California 8195,3-4.
3. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA), "Nonpoint Source Pollution" published in. Washington D.C. (September 2007).
4. Priyanka Jamwal,Atul K. Mittal,(2002) “Point and non-point microbial source pollution: A case study of Delhi” published in Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 490-499.
5. Susan, Adam & Jessica (March 2011), “Regulating Nonpoint Source Water Pollution in a Federal Government: Four Case Studies”, published in Water Resources Development, Vol. 27, No. 1, 53–69.
6. Yuhei Inamori , Nsoshi Fujimoto, “Non-Point Sources of Pollution” , published in Water Qualty abd standards-Vol II.
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