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Soil suitability and Soil suitability and management for management for
banana production banana production
SOIL SUITABILITY FOR BANANA
Banana grow in all types of soils with adequate soil moisture.
Deep, well drained, friable loamy soil with adequate organic matter is
ideal for its cultivation.
Banana is one of the few fruits which have a restricted root zone.
Therefore, depth and drainage are the two most important
considerations in selection the soil for banana.
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SOIL SUITABILITY FOR BANANA
It can grow well in slightly alkaline soils. Banana can be grown well in pH
range of 6.5 – 7.5.
Alluvial and volcanic soils are the best for banana cultivation.
In India heavy clay soil of the Cauvery delta, alluvial soils, black loam in
Maharashtra are also famous for growing good crop of banana.
The coastal sandy loams as well as the red lateritic soil of the hilly tracts
also yielded good crop.
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CLIMATIC REQUIREMENT OF BANANA
Major banana growing areas of the world are geographically situated
between the Equator and latitudes 200N and 200S.
Tropical, with comparatively small temperature fluctuation from day to
night and from summer to winter is ideal for banana.
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CLIMATIC REQUIREMENT OF BANANA
In subtropics, between 200 and 300 North or south of the equator also
banana is grown.
In the subtropics, wide temperature fluctuations between day and night
and between summer and winter, the high and the low rainfall which is
also poorly distributed.
Bananas perform very well under humid tropical conditions but can be
cultivated successfully even under humid or semi arid sub tropical
conditions.
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CLIMATIC REQUIREMENT OF BANANA
Better growth and yield of banana at a temperature range of 25-35°C
though they can be cultivated at a temperature range of 10-40°C.
A suitable banana climate is a mean temperature of 26.67°C and mean
rainfall of 10 cm per month.
There should not be more than 3 months of dry season.
Under cooler climates the crop duration is extended.
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METHODS OF SOIL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
1.Clean culture
Involves regular ploughing and removal of weeds.
Deep and frequent cultivation may be avoided and also cultivation
when the soil is too wet.
To avoid loss of humus, nitrogen, soil erosion, formation of hard pan
etc.,
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2. Clean culture with cover crops
Involves raising of a cover crop or green manure after removing
the weeds.
Green manure crops like Sunnhemp, Cowpea, Dhaincha, Lupins
etc. are more commonly used.
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3. Mulching
Crop residues like straw, cotton stalks, leaves, saw dust, pine
needles, coir dust arid other materials like polythene films or certain
special kinds of paper are spread in the tree basins and in inter
spaces between trees.
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4. Sod
In this method, permanent cover of grass is raised in the orchard
and no tillage is given.
5. Sod mulch
This is similar to sod with the only difference is that the vegetation is
cut frequently and the cut material is allowed to remain on the
ground.
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6. Intercropping
The practice of growing any economic crop in alley spaces of the plant or
in the unoccupied spaces of the long duration crop in the early periods is
referred as intercropping.
Ex. Intercropping of short duration vegetables such as tomato, oninon
etc in banana fields.
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7. Mixed cropping
It refers to the practice of growing certain perennial crops in the
alley spaces of the main perennial crops.
The main advantage is the effective utilization of available area and
increase in the net income of the farm per unit area.
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8. Multitier system of cropping Intercropping and mixed cropping involve jointly multitier system of
cropping
It defined as a compatible companion of crops having varying
morphological frames and rooting habits, grown together in such a
manner that their canopies intercept solar energy at varying heights
and their roots forage the soil at different zones.
The main principle here is that the land, water and sunlight should be
effectively used.
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