© Eija Alakangas, VTT
Principal scientist Eija Alakangas, VTTConvenor of WG2 for CEN/TC 335 and ISO/TC 238
New international standards for residential and industrial pellets
November 2013
ISO 17225-pellets standards
© Eija Alakangas, VTT
2* ISO standards will be published as EN ISO standards in Europe2
European and international framework for solid biofuel standardisation
WTOISO/TC 238
Solid biofuels
EuropeanCommission
SupportingEU-funded
projects
CEN/TC 335Solid biofuels
Mandate
No barriers to trade
Standards
Legislation Standardisation
Viennaagreement*
Results
Information to market actors of solid biofuels
© Eija Alakangas, VTT
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European (EN) pellet standards published
EN 14961-1 General requirements− Include all biomass raw materials− Flexible classification, each property selected separatetely− Include classification of raw material, which is needed for the product
standards Product standard EN 14961-2 Wood pellets for non-industrial use
− Properties are bound together to class A1, A2 and B− ENplus certification system is based on this standard with some exceptions
Product standard EN 14961-6 Non-woody pellet for non-industrial use EN 14961-2 and 6 standards are targeted for non-industrial use in small-scale
appliances, such as, households, small commercial and public sector buildings.
© Eija Alakangas, VTT
Solid biofuels standardisation progress during 2000 - 2013
2000 20062004 2010 201420122008
Technical specifications(27 published)
National standardsin force
European standardsEN (36 published)National standards
withdrawn
International standards(≈60 under preparation)
European standards will be superseded by ISO standards
other countries make their own national decisions
1 vote each country2 years preparation time
3 years in forcePrepared 2009-2015
weighed votes5 years in force
Prepared 2007-2012
weighed votes3 years in forcePrepared during
2000-2006
CEN/TS EN
ISO
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International pellet standards (ISO) – 1
EN ISO 17225-1 General requirements (FDIS)
− Include all biomass raw materials and also aquatic biomass− Flexible classification, each property selected separatetely− Include classification of raw material, which is needed for product
standards − Includes also special property classes for thermally treated
biomass pellets (e.g. torrefied pellets) EN ISO 17225-2 Graded pellets (FDIS)
− Table 1 for non-industrial use− Table 2 for industrial use
© Eija Alakangas, VTT
International pellet standards (ISO) – 2
Graded non-woody pellets – EN ISO 17225-6 (FDIS)− Table 1 for agrobiomass blends and mixtures (classes A and B)− Table2 for straw, miscanthus and reed canary grass pellets
EN ISO 17225-1, 2 and 6 (FDIS stage)− Values has been agreed− standards have been sent for final approval in May (voting)− Standards will be published in beginning of year 2014− ISO 17225 will supersede EN 14961 standards and will be
published as EN ISO standards in Europe Graded thermally treated densified biomass (proposal stage)
− Proposal for work item (WI) has been discussed in March in ISO/TC 238 meeting and there is support to also prepare this standard
− Voting for new WI will done soon and if accepted standard will be prepared within 2 years.
− SECTOR project is supporting planning and also AEBIOM torrefaction group.
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© Eija Alakangas, VTT
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Specification and classes (EN ISO 17225-1)
Classification is based on origin and source, major traded forms and properties
Hierarchical classification system in table format:− 1 Woody biomass− 2 Herbaceous biomass− 3 Fruit biomass− 4 Aquatic biomass− 5 Biomass blends and mixtures
• blends = intentional (composition known)• mixtures = unintentional
Chemical treatment defined as any treatment with chemicals other than air, heat or water (e.g. glued, painted, coated, lacqued or otherwise treated wood
Chemically treated material shall not include halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals at levels higher than those in typical virgin material values or higher than typical values of the country of origin.
© Eija Alakangas, VTT
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Biomass
Origin/SourceTraded form(e.g. pellet)
Solid biofuel utilisation chain
Fuelproduction Solid
biofuelBioenergy
useConversion
Documentation of origin(Table 1 in EN ISO 17225-1
Product declarationEN 15234 series (in Europe)
Tables with property gradesin EN ISO 17225-1 to 7
Fuel Quality AssuranceEN 15234 series (in Europe)
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Wood pellets for households and commercial applications*(EN ISO 17225-2, Table 1)
* Facility that utilise solid biofuel burning appliances or equipmentthat have similar fuel requirements as residential appliances.
© Eija Alakangas, VTT
Specification of industrial wood pellets (EN ISO 17225-2 (1)
Property Standard A1 A2 BOrigin and source
EN ISO 17225-1
1.1.3 Stemwood1.2.1 Chemically untreated wood*
1.1.1 Whole trees1.1.3 Stem wood1.1.4 Logging residues1.2.1 Chemically untreated wood*
1.1 Forest plantation and other virgin wood1.2 By-products and residues1.3.1 Chemically untreated used wood
Diameter and length (D and L, mm)
ISO 17829 D06, 6 ± 1;3,15 < L < 40D08, 8 ± 1;3,15 < L <40(1 % longer, <45mm)
D06, 6 ± 1;3,15 < L < 40D08, 8 ± 1;3,15 < L <40(1 % longer, <45mm)
D06, 6 ± 1;3,15 < L < 40D08, 8 ± 1;3,15 < L <40(1 % longer, <45mm)
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*Negligible levels of glue, grease and other timber production additives used in sawmills during production of timber and timber product from virgin wood are acceptable if all chemical parameters of the pellets are clearly within the limits and concentrations are too small to be concerned with.
© Eija Alakangas, VTT
Specification of residential wood pellets (ISO 17225-2) (2)
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Property Standard A1 A2 BMoisture (M, w-%)
ISO 18134 M10 < 10 M10 < 10 M10 < 10
Ash (A), % d ISO 18122 A0.7 < 0,7 A1.2 < 1,2 A2.0 < 2,0Bulk density (BD, kg/m3)
ISO 17828 BD600 > 600 BD600 > 600 BD600 > 600
Fines (F, w-%) EN 15210-1 F1.0 < 1.0 F1.0 < 1.0 F1.0 < 1.0Durability (DU, w-%
ISO 1783-1 DU97.5 > 97.5 DU97.5 > 97.5 DU96.5 > 96.5
Net calorific value, Q (as received, MJ/kg, kWh/kg)
ISO 18125 Q16.5 > 16,5Q4.6 > 4.6
Q16.5 > 16,5Q4.6 > 4.6
Q16.5 > 16,5Q4.6 > 4.6
Cl (w-% dry) ISO 16994 Cl0.02 < 0,02 Cl0.02 < 0,02 Cl0.03 < 0,03N (w-% dry) ISO 16948 N0.3 < 0,3 N0.5 < 0,5 N1.0 < 1,0S (w-% dry) ISO 16994 S0.04 < 0,04 S0.05 < 0,05 S0.05 < 0,05
© Eija Alakangas, VTT
Specification of residential wood pellets (ISO 17225-2) (3)
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Property Standard A1 A2 I3As (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 1 < 1 < 1Cd (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5Cr (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 10 < 10 < 10Cu (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 10 < 10 < 10Pb (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 10 < 10 < 10Hg (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1Ni (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 10 < 10 < 10Zn (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 100 < 100 < 100Ash melting behaviour*
CEN/TS 153701
Informative, should be stated
* all temperatures SST, DT, HT and FT in oxidating conditions at 550oC.Pre-ashing temperature other than 550 oC should be stated.ENplus certification has 815oC.
© Eija Alakangas, VTT
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Wood pellets for industrial use (EN ISO 17225-2, Table 2)
© Eija Alakangas, VTT
Specification of industrial wood pellets (ISO 17225-2 (1)
Property Standard I1 I2 I3Origin and source
ISO 17225-1 1.1.3 Stemwood1.2.1 Chemically untreated wood*
1.1 Forest plantation and other virgin wood1.2.1 Chemically untreated wood*
1.1 Forest plantation and other virgin wood1.2 By-products and residues1.3.1 Chemically untreated used wood
Diameter and length (D and L, mm)
ISO 17829 D06, 6 ± 1;3,15 < L < 40D08, 8 ± 1;3,15 < L <40(1 % longer, <45mm)
D06, 6 ± 1;3,15 < L < 40D08, 8 ± 1;3,15 < L <40(1 % longer, <45mm)
D06, 6 ± 1;3,15 < L < 40D08, 8 ± 1;3,15 < L <40D10, 10 ± 1;3,15 < L < 40D12, 12 ± 1;3,15 < L <40(1 % longer, <45mm)
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*Negligible levels of glue, grease and other timber production additives used in sawmills during production of timber and timber product from virgin wood are acceptable if all chemical parameters of the pellets are clearly within the limits and concentrations are too small to be concerned with.
© Eija Alakangas, VTT
Specification of industrial wood pellets (ISO 17225-2) (2)
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Property Standard I1 I2 I3Moisture (M, w-%)
ISO 18134 M10 < 10 M10 < 10 M10 < 10
Ash (A), % d ISO 18122 A1.0 < 1,0 A1.5 < 1,5 A3.0 < 3,0Bulk density (BD, kg/m3)
ISO 17828 BD600 > 600Max. 750
BD600 > 600Max. 750
BD600 > 600Max. 750
Fines (F, w-%) EN 15210-1 F4.0 < 4.0 F5.0 < 5.0 F6.0 < 6.0Durability (DU, w-%
ISO 1783-1 97.5<DU <99.0 97.0 <DU<99.0 96.5 < DU <99.0
Net calorific value, Q (as received, MJ/kg)
ISO 18125 Q16.5 > 16,5 Q16.5 > 16,5 Q16.5 > 16,5
Cl (w-% dry) ISO 16994 Cl0.03 < 0,03 Cl0.05 < 0,05 Cl0.06 < 0,06N (w-% dry) ISO 16948 N0.3 < 0,3 N0.3 < 0,3 N0.6 < 0,6S (w-% dry) ISO 16994 S0.05 < 0,05 S0.05 < 0,05 S0.05 < 0,05
© Eija Alakangas, VTT
Specification of industrial wood pellets (ISO 17225-2) (3)
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Property Standard I1 I2 I3As (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 2 < 2 < 2Cd (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 1 < 1 < 1Cr (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 15 < 15 < 15Cu (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 20 < 20 < 20Pb (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 20 < 20 < 20Hg (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1Zn (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 200 < 200 < 200P (%) ISO 17830 >99% (<3.15 mm)
>95% (<2.0 mm)>60% (<0.1 mm)
>99% (<3.15 mm)>90% (<2.0 mm)>50% (<0.1 mm)
>97% (<3.15 mm)>85% (<2.0 mm)>40% (<0.1 mm)
Ash melting behaviour*
CEN/TS 153701
Informative, should be stated
* all temperatures SST, DT, HT and FT in oxidating conditions (550oC).
© Eija Alakangas, VTT
Additional information
CEN and ISO Fuel specification standards: Eija Alakangas, VTT, [email protected]. +358 400 542 454
Training material of wood pellets and non-woody pellets SolidStandards project (www.solidstandards.eu)
This presentation is supported byPellCert project: www.PellCert.eu
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