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Neutralization & Salt
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Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students should be ableto:
define neutralization
differentiate main properties of acid and base
list the applications of pH control in daily life
define salt
list the types of salt with example describe the uses of salt
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Definition of Neutralization
Base/alkali
Water& Salt
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Acid
Definitions: A chemical substance which ionizes in water to
produce hydrogen ions, H+.
Properties:
Gives a sour taste
Have pH less than 7 Turn blue litmus to red.
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Alkali
Definitions of Alkali: A chemical substance which ionizes in water to
produce free mobile hydroxide ions, OH-.
Properties:
Gives a bitter taste & soapy feeling.
Have pH more than 7 Turn red litmus to blue.
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Base vs Alkali
Base
Solublein water
Alkali
Insolublein water
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Example of Neutralization
Acid + Base/Alkali Salt + Water
H2SO4 (aq)Sulfuric acid
2KOH (aq)Potassiumhydroxide
K2SO4 (aq)Potassium sulfate
H2O (l)
CH3COOH (aq)Ethanoic Acid
NaOH (aq)Sodium hydroxide
CH3COONa (aq)Sodium ethanoate
H2O (l)
2HNO3 (aq)
Nitric acid
CuO (aq)
Copper(II) oxide
Cu(NO3)2 (aq)
Copper(II) nitrate H2O (l)
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Applications of Neutralization
Neutralization
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Agriculture
To treat acidic soil
- Plant cannot growwell in acidic soil.
- Lime fertilizers(powdered
lime/limestone)added to the soil toneutralize the soil.
To treat basic soil
- Treated by usingcompost of rotting
vegetables / leaves.
- rotting vegetables /leaves decomposesto liberate CO2 (g)
acidic gas canneutralize the soil.
To makenitrogenous
fertilizer
-(ammonium
sulfate & ammoniumnitrate)
manufacturedproduced by
neutralization.
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Nitrogenous fertilizer
Sulfuric acid with ammonia solution:
H2SO4 (aq) + 2NH3 (aq) (NH4)2SO4(aq)
Nitric acid with ammonia solution:
HNO3 (aq) + NH3
(aq) NH4
NO3
(aq)
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Industries
To treat acidic effluents
Effluents from electroplating contain acidH2SO4 Treated by adding lime to neutralize before it is discharged into rivers
and stream.
To treat acidic gas
Energy industry power station burn fossil fuels (coal) to produce
electricity. The burning of fossil fuels will liberate SO2 (g) as an acidic pollutant in
the air.
Hence power station used powdered lime/limestone for neutralizationprevent pollution.To prevent coagulation of latex
Rubber industry ammonia solution used to prevent coagulation of
latex. Ammonia solution neutralize lactic acid produced by bacteria in the
latex.To make detergent
Detergent is manufactured in industry through the neutralization ofsulphonic acid with sodium hydroxide solution.
Effluent = liquidwaste materialsthat come out of
factories.
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Treat gastric patient
- Anti acid containing bases (Al(OH)3& Mg(OH)2/
NaHCO3/CaCO3.- Used to neutralize the excess HCl
in the stomach of the gastric solution.
Treat wasp stings
- Wasp sting are alkaline in nature.
- Vinegar is used to cure wasp stingsbecause vinegar can neutralize the
stings.
Treat bee stings- Bee stings and ant bites are acidic
in nature.
They can be neutralized usingalkaline medicine; baking powder.
Prevent tooth decay
- Food stuck between gaps of teeth canbe decomposed by bacteria to produce
lactic acid.
- Acid react with enamel of the teethtrough neutralization to dissolve because
enamel is base.
- Hence, enamel of teeth destroyed by
bacteria in mouth.- Toothpaste component base (Al(OH)3)
Health
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Meaning of Salt
In neutralization of an acid with a base, a salt isformed together with water.
Salt = ionic compound consisting of a cation(metal ion/ammonium ion) which originate from abase that combines with an anion whichoriginates from an acid.
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Salt
Soluble
Can dissolve inwater at roomtemperature
Insoluble
Cannot dissolvein water at
roomtemperature.
Types of Salt
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Solubility of salt
Salts Soluble Insoluble
Nitrate salts All nitrate salts None
Carbonate salts Potassium - K2CO3,
Sodium - Na2CO3,Ammonium(NH4)2CO3
All other carbonate
salts
Chlorides calts All other chloride salts Lead PbCl2,
Silver- AgCl
Sulfate salts All other Sulfate salts Barium BaSO4,Lead PbSO4,Calcium CaSO4
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Applications of Salts
Salt
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Agriculture uses of Salt
Most of the synthetic fertilizer aresalt.
Ammonium sulfate, ammoniumphosphate, ammonium nitrate,potassium chloride, NPK fertilizer.
Syntheticfertilizer
To destroy/kill insects, weeds,pests, fungi.
Copper(II) sulfate, iron(II) sulfate,mercury(I) chloride, sodiumasenate and sodium chlorate (v)
Inorganicpesticides
Increase the agriculture yield.
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Medicinal uses of SaltSalt Uses
Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate,(CaSO4)2.H2OPlaster of Paris
To make plaster cast supportingbroken
bones. A very hard substance when
hydrated.Iron(II) Sulfate Heptahydrate,FeSO4.7H2O
Iron pills provide iron for patientswho
are suffering from anemia.
Potassium Chloride, KCl Substituent for patient who need alow
intake of sodium salts.
Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate, NaHCO3 Anti-acid neutralize the excess HClin
stomach of a gastric patient.
Barium Sulfate, BaSO4 Examining a patient who is suspect of
havingstomach ulcer.
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Salt uses in Food Industry
Preparationof food
NaCl - flavoring - give saltytaste
Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) flavoring give nice & sweet
taste
Sodium Hydrogen Carbonatebaking powder in the hot wetmixture with acid, release CO2(g) slowly make the cake rise.
Preservationof food
Sodium nitrite, sodiumbenzoate, sodium nitrate,
potassium nitrite, potassiumnitrate
Food can be kept longerwithout getting spoit.
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Salt uses in Chemical Industry
Bleaching agent
Disinfectant
SodiumHypochlorite,
NaOCl
Toothpaste
Water FluoridationTin(II) Fluoride,
SnF2
Washing soda
Make soda lime glass
SodiumCarbonate
decahydrate,Na2CO3.10H2O
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Summary
Neutralization
Definition
Acid/base
Application
Salt
Definition
Soluble/insoluble
Application
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