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Nemetschek CampusAllplan
Step by StepRoof Modeling,Rafter Design
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This documentation has been produced with the utmost care.
Nemetschek AG and the program authors have no liability to the purchaser or any other entity, with respect to any
liability, loss, or damage caused, directly or indirectly by this software, including but not limited to, any interruptions o
service, loss of business, anticipatory profits, or consequential damages resulting from the use or operation of this
software. Information in this document is subject to change without notice.
Companies, names and data used in examples are fictitious unless otherwise noted. No part of this document may bereproduced or transmitted in any form or by means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without the express
written permission of Nemetschek AG.
Microsoft®, Windows®, Windows NT®, Windows® 2000 and Windows® 98 are either trademarks or registered trademark
of Microsoft Corporation.
BAMTEC® is a registered trademark of Häussler, Kempten
MicroStation® is a registered trademark of Bentley Systems, Inc.
AutoCAD®, DXF™ and 3D Studio MAX® are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Autodesk Inc. San Rafael, CA
Parts of this product were developed using LEADTOOLS.
(c) 1991-2000, LEAD Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Allplan®, Allplot® and Allfa® are registered trademarks of Nemetschek AG, Munich.
All other (registered) trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Photos: Ch. Mills
Nemetschek AG, Munich, 2002. All rights reserved.
1st edition, April 2003
Document No. 170eng01s06-1-BM0403
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Contents
Contents
Welcome to the Roof! ............................................................
Requirements..................................................................................................
A Request.........................................................................................................
Sources of Information ...............................................................................
Training, Coaching and Project Support................................................
Roof Frames – An Introduction ...........................................
Roof frames are not roofs!.........................................................................
Objectives.........................................................................................................
Basic Settings for the Exercises ................................................................
Exercise 1: Basic Roof Shapes..............................................
Task 1: Draw Sample Floor Plan ...............................................................
Task 2: Gable/Hip Roof ................................................................................
Task 3: Mono-pitch Roof ............................................................................Task 3: Gambrel Roof...................................................................................
Task 4: Barrel Roof and Related Shapes.................................................
Exercise 2: Roof with Dormers .............................................
Task 1: Draw Floor Plan...............................................................................
Task 2: Gambrel Roof Frame......................................................................
Task 3: Insert Dormers .................................................................................
Task 4: Copy Roof Frame ............................................................................
Task 5: Slab and Slab Opening ..................................................................
Task 6: Slabs and Walls for the Dormers................................................
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II Contents Allplan
Exercise 3: Rafters and Timber Elements.............................69
Task 1: Rafter Roof ............................................................................................ 70
Task 2: Hip and Valley Rafters........................................................................ 75
Task 3: Ridge Purlin and Inferior Purlin...................................................... 77
Task 4: Posts......................................................................................................... 80
Task 5: Header..................................................................................................... 81
Task 6: Rafter-supporting Purlins, Collar Ties ........................................... 83
Task 7: Roof Covering....................................................................................... 85
Task 8: Timber Schedule................................................................................... 88
Exercise 4: Making Alterations to the Roof........................91
Task 1: Modify Roof Profile ............................................................................ 93
Task 2: Split and Lower Section..................................................................... 95
Task 3: Half-hipped Roof................................................................................. 97
Additional Information on Making Roof Alterations ...........................100
Exercise 5: Design Steel Skeleton........................................101
Task 1: Create Custom Sections...................................................................102
Task 2: Place HEB Sections............................................................................104
Designing Custom Planes.......................................................109
An Outlook on the 3D Modeling Module.................................................109
Index............................................................................................113
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Welcome to the Roof!
Welcome to the Roof!This guide is designed to give an overview of the RafDesign and Roof Modeler modules. It contains severa
examples in the form of exercises. These are used to
show how to design the most common roof shapes.
This is followed by a more complex example in which
you will learn how to design a dormer with a roof
overhang, place rafters and roof beams as well as
generate bills of materials.
Finally, the main modification tools are presented.
We wish you fun and success with the Roof Modeler
Rafter Design modules!
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2 Requirements Allplan
Requirements
This step-by-step guide assumes that you are familiar with and have
a working knowledge of Windows and Allplan. These basics arecovered in the Allplan manual. Detailed information on 2D draftingand design is provided in the step-by-step guide entitled "Basics".
In particular, you should know:
How to create and manage projects.
How to make drawing files current, and how to set them to editand reference mode.
How to use the 2D tools.
How to use the point snap tools, and how to apply filters
(Point assistant and Filter Assistant toolbars).
You should work through the exercises in the given sequence astools that are presented in more detail in the earlier exercises areonly referred to by name in later exercises.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Welcome to the Roof!
A Request
We are always trying to improve the overall quality of our progr
documentation. Your comments and suggestions are important tand we welcome feedback on the manuals and online help.
Please do not hesitate to contact us to express criticism or praiseconcerning the documentation. Feel free to contact us as follows
Documentation department
Nemetschek AGKonrad-Zuse-Platz 1
81829 Munich
Germany
Phone: +49 (0)89 927 93-0
Fax: +49 (0)89 927 93-5200Email: [email protected]
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4 Sources of Information Allplan
Sources of Information
DocumentationThe Allplan documentation consists of the following:
The online Help is the main source of information for learningabout and working with Allplan.
While you work with Allplan, you can get help on the current
function by pressing the F1 key, or activate Help on the
Standard toolbar and point to the icon on which you requirehelp.
The manual consists of three parts The first part shows you how
to install Allplan. The second part provides an overview of basicconcepts and terms as well as methods for entering data in
Allplan. The third part contains a tutorial.
The brochure New Features In ... provides information on what's
new in the latest version.
Each volume in the Step-by-Step series deals with a specificconcept or series of tools/modules in Allplan in detail. The areascovered include data management, system administration,geodesy modules, presentation tools, 3D modeling etc. These
guides can also be obtained from the Nemetschek training
department:
Nemetschek AG
Training departmentKonrad-Zuse-Platz 181829 MunichGermany
Phone: +49 (0)89+927 93-1512Fax: +49 (0)89+927 93-5546
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Welcome to the Roof!
Additional Help
Tips for efficient usage
The Help menu contains the Tips for efficient usage item. This tprovides an overview of important tips and tricks.
LineLetter
The LineLetter is a publication that appears several times a year.
sent free of charge to customers with a software maintenancecontract (Software Service Agreement). The LineLetter includespractical tips and tricks on all program areas.
The LineLetter Archive can be found on Nemetschek ’s web pagesthe Internet and can be accessed by SSA customers only. Thus,
can also search through older issues and read interesting topics.
FAQs on the Internet
Up-to-date FAQs are available on the Internet at the following
address:
http://www.nemetschek.de/faq.nsf
Note: You can also get this address right from program. On the H
menu, point to Nemetschek in the Internet and click FAQs.
Feedback on the Help
If you have suggestions or questions on the online Help, or if yocome across an error, send an e-mail message to:
Note: You can also get this address right from the online Help. T
this, go to the Allplan menu and click Help Feedback .
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6 Training, Coaching and Project Support Allplan
Training, Coaching and Project Support
The type of training you are given is a decisive factor in the amount
of time you actually spend working on your own projects: A professional introduction to the programs and advanced seminars for advanced users can save you up to 35% of your editing time!
A tailor-made training strategy is essential. Nemetschek ’s seminar centers offer an extensive range of programs and are happy to work out a custom solution with you that will address your own needs and
requirements:
Our sophisticated, comprehensive seminar program is thequickest way for professional users to learn how to use the newsystem.
Special seminars are designed for users who wish to extend andoptimize their knowledge of Allplan.
One-on-one seminars are best when it comes to addressing your own particular methods of working.
One-day crash courses, designed for office heads, convey the
essentials in a compact format.
We are also happy to hold seminars on your premises! Theseencompass not only Allplan issues but include analysis andoptimization of processes and project organization.
The up-to-date seminar guide is provided on the Internet at thefollowing address:
www.nemetschek.de/campus
For more detailed information on the current training program,please contact the Nemetschek training center in Munich:
Phone: +49 (0)89 927 93-1512
Fax: +49 (0)89 927 93-5546
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Roof Frames – An Introduction
Roof Frames – An
IntroductionRoof frames are not roofs!
You may already have encountered the Roof Frame t
in the Architecture module for creating gable and baroofs.
The Roof Modeler module includes even more tools t
significantly facilitate the design of complex roofs lik
gambrel roofs as well as dormers.
But careful!
The elements you create here are not actually roofs –
they are actually a collection of pairs of roof planes!
These have priority over the default reference planes.
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8 Roof frames are not roofs! Allplan
Start by creating the planes. Not only is the inclined roof plane at thetop created; you can also change the height of the bottom plane. Thedesign elements are then connected to the planes. Elements like
slabs, walls, and rafters adapt automatically, provided that their height has been set in the appropriate manner.
To fully exploit the advantages afforded by this module, try to
imagine the roof frame you create not as a roof, but as a series of planes that you create one after the other until all the roof components are in place!
The approach for creating roof frames is always the same: First select
the Roof Frame or Dormer tool, then enter the outline of the roof;define the height and pitch in a dialog box and, finally, apply theselected shape to the frame structure.
All the roof shapes in this module can be combined as desired. Youdo not need to create a new roof frame. All you have to do is select a
different roof shape before applying more slopes to the roof edges.
Bear in mind that you are not creating an actual roof but acollection of custom reference planes. All the terms used – ridge,height of eaves, pitch etc. – refer solely to the planes in Allplan.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Roof Frames – An Introduction
Default reference planes
Think of the default reference planes as two horizontal planes (oupper plane and one lower plane) that stretch to infinity. The heof each plane can be changed as required.
Architectural elements that are associated with the reference pla(you can specify this when you create the elements) – for exampwalls – will adapt automatically to the new height whenever youchange the height of the reference planes.
Component associatedwith reference planes
Default upper plane
Default lower plane
Custom planes and roof frames
In addition to the two default reference planes, you can define aunlimited number of custom reference planes.
These special planes have priority over both default reference plaPlacing a custom pair of planes (or, for that matter, a roof frameover elements whose height is bound to the default planes will cthose elements to adapt to the new envelope imposed by the cus
planes.
Tip: To change the height of
the default planes, clickDefault Planes (Roofs and
Planes flyout).
Tip: To define a custom pairof reference planes, click
Custom Planes (Create
flyout in the Architecturemodule).
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10 Roof frames are not roofs! Allplan
Component associatedwith reference planes
Upper plane in roof frame
Lower plane in roof frame
In each area of the drawing file, however, only one pair of referenceplanes can apply at any one time. When two pairs of customreference planes overlap, the pair entered last always applies: it has
priority over both the custom pairs of reference planes and default
reference planes entered previously.
Pairs of reference planes in other drawing files only affect thearchitectural elements that are located in the same drawing file asthe reference planes themselves.
Architectural elements can only be governed by a single pair of reference planes. The pair of reference planes entered last has
priority over the others.
Pairs of reference planes only affect the architectural elementsthat are located in the same drawing file as the reference planesthemselves.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Roof Frames – An Introduction
Objectives
The following section presents the exercises in this guide.
Gable/Hip Roof
Design gable/hip roof
Enter roof outline with overhang
Design roof by forcing it through a point (Set Point option)
Mono-pitch Roof
Define the roof using the height coordinates of 2 points
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12 Objectives Allplan
Gambrel Roof
Design roof shapes with multiple pitches using the Gambrel Roof'function
Barrel Roof and Related Shapes
Design curved roofs with the Barrel Roof' function
Apply a barrel roof shape to outlines of any shape
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Roof Frames – An Introduction
Roof with Dormers
Design planes for concrete gambrel roof
Insert dormers in a roof
Design dormer roof and walls
Draw planes for top roof
Rafters and Timber Elements
Place rafters on gambrel roof and top roof
Design timber elements (hip/valley rafters, roof beams, heade
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14 Objectives Allplan
Making Alterations to the Roof
Apply a new roof shape
Lower part of the bottom of the roof
Apply half hip at a precise height
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Roof Frames – An Introduction
Design Steel Skeleton
Select shapes from a catalog and create your own ones
Material assignment: Steel
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16 Basic Settings for the Exercises Allplan
Basic Settings for the Exercises
This guide assumes that you have selected the "Architecture
Configuration” and that you are activating the tools via flyouts or the menu bar.
To set the Architecture toolbar
On the View menu, point to Default Configurations and click
Architecture Configuration.
Now, the Architecture toolbar is available in addition to the Basic
Tools toolbar:
Roofs and Planes flyout
Architectural Components flyout
Architectural Openings flyout
Rooms flyout
Stairs flyout
Rafter Design flyout
3D Modification flyout
To create a new project
First create a new project called Roof in ProjectPilot.
Tip: You don't need to do thisif you have alreadycustomized your workspace.
Tip: Notes and instructions onproject organization areprovided in the online Help.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Roof Frames – An Introduction
Next, make settings for the scale, pen and linetype that you will in the exercises. As this guide finishes with a bill of materials, alselect the catalog in which you will enter the required materials.These settings correspond to the defaults that apply after installin
Allplan. Nevertheless, you should check these settings and chang
them if necessary.
To make initial settings
1 Check the reference scale Scale set on the status bar.
If it is not set to 1:100, click the number and select 1 : 100.
2 Check Length setting on the status bar. If it is not set to m, c
the data entry box and select m.
3 Select pen thickness 0.25 and linetype 1 (Format toolbar).
4 Click Options (Standard toolbar) and select Architecture.
5 Open the Settings tab. In the Catalogs, paths area, click the
Catalog... button. In the Catalog Assignment dialog box, sele
the User-def. (katlg1) entry in the Material for area and ena
katlg1 in pulldowns. Select Project.
6 Press to confirm the Catalog Assignment dialog box.
"Catalog 1" will be the default catalog for selecting materials
all the dialog boxes. You will create and expand this catalog yourself as you go along. However, in each dialog box, you c
also select a different catalog from among those listed above
7 Click to close the Architecture Options
Tip: You can also set the units
in the Global Options.
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18 Basic Settings for the Exercises Allplan
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 1: Basic Roof Shapes
Exercise 1:
Basic Roof ShapesIn the exercises that follow you will learn about the f
basic possibilities for designing a roof:
Gable/hip roof
Gable/hip roof using 2 points
Roof with custom profile
Barrel roof
For these four examples you will only create the
architectural frame. You will not apply a roof coverin
Drawing a sketch with a sectional view of the roof or
entire building is often helpful. The sketch can show
height of the top level of the unfinished floor, the hei
of the jamb wall and the roof overhang.
This sectional view will serve as a basis for the exercithat follow:
Tip: You can also combineoptions within the same roof outline. For example, you canapply a gable roof profile onone side and a custom profileon the other.
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20 Task 1: Draw Sample Floor Plan Allplan
Task 1: Draw Sample Floor Plan
The height of both default reference planes needs to be set for the
examples in this exercises. When designing multiple stories, these values are normally obtained
by using the Raise File tool. In our case we will enter the valuesdirectly.
To set default reference planes
1 Click Default Planes (Roofs and Planes flyout) and enter the
values as shown below:
2 Press OK to confirm.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 1: Basic Roof Shapes
First draw a simple cube with a base area of 8 m x 12 m. The topbottom levels of the walls are associated with the reference planthe wall thickness is 36.5 cm.
To design the building
Make drawing file 1 current.
1 Click Wall ( Architectural Components flyout).
2 Click Properties and set the following parameters:
- Thickness: 0.365 m
- Setup :
TL relative to upper plane: 0.00
BL relative to the lower plane: 0.00
This sets the walls flush with the default upper and lower
reference planes.
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22 Task 1: Draw Sample Floor Plan Allplan
3 On the context toolbar, select the Straight Wall option.
Press OK to close the dialog box.
4 Click in the workspace to set the start point .
5 … place a point or enter dx vector
Enter the length of the first wall in the x direction: 8.0
6 Offset direction Click anywhere above the wall.
7 … place a point or
enter dy vector : 12.0
dx : -8.0
dy : -12.0
8 Press ESC to quit the tool.
As the building will be required for several exercises, copy it todrawing files 2 and 3.
To copy building to different drawing files
1 On the File menu, click Copy/Move Elements between Files...
2 Click Copy to Target Drawing File and select drawing file 2.
3 Press to confirm.
4 Select the element(s) you want to copy to file 2
To do this, two options are provided:
On the dynamic toolbar, click All.
Double click with the right mouse button in the workspace to
address all the elements in the drawing file.
5 Repeat steps 2 to 4 to copy the building to drawing file 3, too.
dx = 8,0
dy = 12,0
dx = -8,0
dy = -12,0
Tip: Rename the drawing filesas soon as the building hasbeen copied:File 1: Gable roof File 2: Mono-pitch roof File 3: Roof with roof-light
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24 Task 2: Gable/Hip Roof Allplan
4 On the Context toolbar, click Gable/Hip Roof .
5 Enter 45 in the Angle box.
The Slope is obtained automatically as a percentage.
6 Enter 5.50 in the Bottom box.
This defines the height of the lower plane in the roof frame.
7 Enter 15 in the Top level box.
You can enter a generous value for the maximum height of the
roof frame. This way, the ridge will be generated within theframe.
Before you apply the slope, you need to define the height through
which it is to pass.
As the roof has an overhang, the absolute height of the eaves is
unknown. What we do know, however, is the height of the jamb
wall (see sketch): 6.75 m.
8 On the Dynamic toolbar, click Set Point.
9 Point through which the slope is to pass
Click a corner of the building in plan and enter the height of thepoint as an absolute value: 6.75.
10 Click edges of the roof frame to apply slope
In plan view, click the line representing the adjacent eaves.
You can see how the slope is created in isometric and elevation
view.
11 For the second slope, click Set Point again, click the opposite
corner of the building and enter the height again: 6.75.
12 Click edges of the roof frame to apply slope
Click the eaves on the other side.
Tip: The height at which theroof profile runs is definedeither by the value in theEaves box or using the SetPoint option. The Set Pointoption overrides any settingsmade for the height of theeaves.
Tip: In the next exercise youwill learn how to apply thesettings for one slope to a
different edge withoutactivating Set Point again.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 1: Basic Roof Shapes
1 2
1 0
1 1
9
13 Press ESC to quit the tool.
As the top of the walls is associated with the upper reference
plane, the walls adapt automatically to the slope of the roof.
After refreshing, your display should look like this:
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26 Task 3: Mono-pitch Roof Allplan
Task 3: Mono-pitch Roof
Defining the Roof Frame using Two 3D PointsIn the next exercise you will define a mono-pitch roof. We willdefine the slope of the roof using two points.This approach is particularly useful for designing a roof with a given
minimum and maximum height.
+ 5 , 5 0
+ 8 , 0 0
+ 1 0 , 5 0
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 1: Basic Roof Shapes
To design a mono-pitch roof using two 3D points
Make drawing file 2, Mono-pitch roof current and close al
others.
1 Click Roof Frame (Create flyout) and select Gable/Hip
Roof Using 2 Points.
2 Define the top and bottom level of the roof frame:- Click Top level and enter 20.
- Click Bottom and enter 5.5.
3 Define properties, place polygon point 1 or enter offset
Click two diagonally opposite points in plan and
press ESC to finish entering the outline.
4 1. point through which slope is to pass
Click the inside corner and enter the absolute height: 8.0 (see
sketch on page 26)
5 2. point through which slope is to pass
Click the corner on the opposite side and enter the absolute
height: 10.5
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28 Task 3: Mono-pitch Roof Allplan
6 Click edges of the roof frame to apply slopesClick the left edge (eaves line).
The mono-pitch roof is created.
7 Press ESC to quit the tool.
The walls adapt automatically to the roof frame.
The following should be displayed on your screen:
Tip: You can also apply otherslopes to the same roof frameusing the same approach.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 1: Basic Roof Shapes
Task 3: Gambrel Roof
Universal Roof Shape
You can use this tool to design gambrel roofs and roofs of any s
To design a roof with roof-light
Make drawing file 3, Roof with roof-light current and clos
the others.
1 Click Roof Frame (Create flyout) and select Gambrel R
The top part of the dialog box that appears shows a preview
the shape. The displayed values apply to the segment that is
highlighted red.
2 Set the parameters for the first segment:
- Click in the Slope box and enter 10.
- Click in the Distance to eaves box and enter 3.5.
- Click Refresh to refresh the preview.
Three segments are required for the roof shape. In other word
you need to add one.
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30 Task 3: Gambrel Roof Allplan
3 Click Insert Point and select the second segment. This
produces three segments.
4 Set the parameters for the second segment:
- Click in the Slope box and enter 75.
- Click in the Height above previous point box and enter 1.
5 Click the third segment and
enter 10 in the Slope box.
As it is the final segment, you can only enter the slope. The other
boxes are grayed out and unavailable.
Tip: The last segmentstretches to infinity. You candefine its length by
intersecting it with a roof plane or by delimiting theroof frame.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 1: Basic Roof Shapes
6 Press to confirm.
7 Enter the following values in the Context toolbar:- Top level: 20.00
- Bottom: 5.50
- Eaves: 6.75
8 Define properties, place polygon point 1 or enter offset
Click two diagonally opposite corners in plan and press ESC.
9 Click edge to apply profile
Click the left and right edge.
Tip: In the Gambrel Roof dialog box, you can savevalues using and retrievethem later by means of .This enables you to save and
retrieve very complex roof shapes.
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32 Task 3: Gambrel Roof Allplan
10 Press ESC to quit the tool.
The following should now be displayed on your screen:
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 1: Basic Roof Shapes
Task 4: Barrel Roof and Related Shapes
The barrel roof is a special type of shape that is applied between
parallel edges.
The following exercise demonstrates an important trick: you willbegin by applying a barrel roof frame over a rectangular outline then transfer it together with all its settings to a circular outline.
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34 Task 4: Barrel Roof and Related Shapes Allplan
First draw the building on which to apply the barrel roof frame. Thewalls are 36.5 cm thick. The top and bottom levels of the walls areassociated with the default reference planes.
Use the Curved Wall tool to design the circular outline. Then draw
the rectangular outline. This is the outline whose profile we will
adopt.
To design a building for a barrel roof
Open drawing file 4, name it "Barrel roof", for example, and
close the others.
1 Click Wall ( Architectural Components flyout) and choose
Circular Wall.
2 Click Properties and define the following parameters:
- Thickness: 0.365 m
- Height setup: top and bottom level of the wall flushwith the default reference planes.
3 Press to confirm your settings.
4 Place center point
Place the center of the circle in the workspace.
5 Place a point, click an element or enter the radius
Enter the radius: 3.0
Tip: You can set the numberof segments in a curved wallunder Options Architecture Semi…
In this example, the curvedwall has 16 segments.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 1: Basic Roof Shapes
6 Click the start point twice as end point = start point.
7 Properties / offset direction
Click anywhere outside the circle in the workspace.
This completes the circular design.
8 Click Rectangular Wall and place the start point in the
workspace.
9 On the dynamic toolbar, select Based on Diagonally Opp
Points.
10 Place the start point in the workspace.
11 Place a diagonally opposite point or enter the length. Place a
point or enter the width
Enter 3.0 m in each case.
12 Properties / offset direction
Click anywhere above the square in the workspace.
13 Press ESC to quit the tool.
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36 Task 4: Barrel Roof and Related Shapes Allplan
The next step is to create the barrel roof frame on the rectangular outline.The profile is obtained from the starting angle and the difference ineaves height.
To create a barrel roof
1 Click Roof Frame (Create flyout) and select Barrel Roof.
2 Set the parameters by clicking in the relevant boxes and then
pressing to confirm:
- Start angle: 85- Difference in height: 6
This value defines the difference in height between the twoeaves.
Tip: Number of segmentsdefines the number of segments in the barrel roof.
Tip: In the Barrel Roof dialogbox, you can save valuesusing and retrieve themlater by means of .This enables you to save andretrieve very complex roof shapes.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 1: Basic Roof Shapes
3 Enter the following values in the Context toolbar:
- Top level: 20.00
- Bottom: 5.50
- Eaves: 6.75
4 Click two diagonally opposite points in the rectangular outlin
and
press ESC to finish entering the line representing the eaves.
5 Click the first edge for the barrel roof frame
First click the bottom and then the top edge of the rectangle
apply the frame between these two edges.
6 Press ESC to quit the tool.
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38 Task 4: Barrel Roof and Related Shapes Allplan
The following should now be displayed on your screen:
In the Barrel Roof dialog box, you only need to enter twoparameters for the roof. Each parameter needs to be from one of the following two groups:
Ridge height or Max. height or Rise or Start angle
Angle or Difference in height
You can enter the parameters in any sequence and keep alteringthem as often as you want, until you confirm.
The boxes for the other parameters do not display values as thedistance between the beginning and end of the barrel is only
specified in the plan.
Only the Ridge height and Max. height boxes are displayedtogether as they are mutually dependent.
When you modify a barrel roof, you can modify the values for every individual segment in the roof.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 1: Basic Roof Shapes
The next step is to transfer the frame from the rectangular outlinthe circular outline.
To transfer the barrel roof frame to a circular outlin
1 Click Roof Frame (Create flyout).
2 To specify the roof outline, click the outside edge of the curv
wall.
Note: Make sure that you click an entire element in the polyl
and do not snap a point.
You can zoom a section as appropriate and use the point sna
settings in Point Snap (Point assistant toolbar) as well as
acoustic signal to help you.
3 On the Dynamic toolbar, click Finds Closed Polylines.
4 Place an additional point
Click in the workspace beyond the circle.
The point has to be selected in such a way that a perpendicul
can be dropped from it onto the clicked polyline element. The
entire outline is thus detected and polygonized.
Tip: Use the "polygonization
value" on the Dynamictoolbar to define the numberof elements used toapproximate a circle.The higher the value, thesmoother the circle (and themore compute-intensive theoperation).
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40 Task 4: Barrel Roof and Related Shapes Allplan
5 Click on the Context toolbar and match the roof profile on thebottom edge of the temporary, rectangular design.
6 Click edge to apply profile
Open a selection rectangle around the entire circular wall.
The barrel roof is transferred and applied to all the segments in
the circle.
7 Press ESC to quit the tool.
The following should now be displayed on your screen:
Tip: When you select theentire roof frame, a roof profile is automaticallyapplied to every edge (veryuseful for hip roofs, forexample).
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 2: Roof with Dormers
Exercise 2: Roof with
DormersIn the next exercise you will design a gambrel roof. W
will concrete the mansard like a "coffin lid", attach th
top roof and add dormers to the sloping concrete slab
Finally, we will apply the rafters and a roof covering.
As the pairs of reference planes overlap in places (for
example, the roof and the protruding dormer roof), w
will use different drawing files for the overall design.
Therefore, despite the fact that the roof has a mansard
profile, create the roof in separate steps using the
Gable/Hip Roof tool.
This sketch will serve as the basis for the exercises th
follow:
R a f t e r s 8 / 1 6
R i d g e p u r l i n 1 0 / 1 8
E a v e p l a t e 1 3 / 1 3
F i r s t f i l e r e g i o n
S e c o n d f i l e r e g i o n
R o o f o v e r h a n g
= R i d g e - 3 c m ( m e t a l
r o o f i n g ) , - 1 7 c m p e r p e
S p a r r e n h ö h e
M a x . r i d g e h e i g h t
T o p o f u n f i n i s h e d f l o o r
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42 Task 1: Draw Floor Plan Allplan
Drawing file overview
Start by creating the walls and the frame for the gambrel roof and
dormers on the first drawing file.
Then copy the roof frame onto two other drawing files. It will be
used there to create the dormer roofs and the roof covering for themansard.
In total, therefore, you require three drawing files (10, 11, 12) for the
mansard, and an additional one (drawing file 13) for the top roof.
Drawing file 10: The exterior walls and the roof frames for the
gambrel roof and dormers are on the first drawing file.
Tip: The dormer frame doesnot necessarily have to be indrawing file 10. However, it is
necessary for subsequentevaluations and analyses of the building data that are totake the dormers intoaccount.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 2: Roof with Dormers
Drawing file 11: The next drawing file includes copies of the
frames for the gambrel roof and dormers. This is wh
the slab and the slab openings will be created.
Drawing file 12: The roof and dormer frames will be copied o
this drawing file, too. This is where we will design th
slab and the dormer walls.
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44 Task 1: Draw Floor Plan Allplan
Drawing file 13: This drawing file is where we will draw the top
roof with its frame. The top roof will join the roof design
below seamlessly.
In the chapter entitled "Rafters and Timber Elements" you will place
the rafters in different roof panes and apply a covering over the roof.
Where do I draw what?
Roof frames can be drawn in the same drawing file as the walls.
In more complex construction projects, it is usual to draw the
roof frames in a separate drawing file.
In the latter case, the drawing file with the walls should be open
in reference mode. The roof frame is first drawn on a separate
drawing file and then copied to the drawing files with the walls.
The walls automatically adapt to the “new“ envelope imposed by
the roof frame!
Default reference planes
The default reference planes literally have a subordinate role hereas the "superior" roof frame has priority over them.
Consequently, you can safely ignore the default reference planes
in the exercises that follow.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 2: Roof with Dormers
Task 1: Draw Floor Plan
First draw the walls on which to apply the gambrel roof frame.
To draw the floor plan
Open drawing file 10.
1 Click Wall ( Architectural Components flyout) and select
Properties.
2 Enter the following parameters:
- Thickness: 0.25 m
- Material: Concrete- Trade: Concrete and R.C. work
- Computation mode: Volume
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46 Task 1: Draw Floor Plan Allplan
3 Define the Relative height (click the button marked Setup). :
- TL relative to upper plane: -0.20
Offset perpendicular to plane
- BL relative to the lower plane:0.00
As a 20-cm slab will be applied below the upper plane later,
define the wall so that the offset to the upper plane is measured
as a perpendicular value.
4 Press to confirm the dialog boxes, choose Straight Wall on
the Context toolbar and
draw the floor plan given at the beginning of this section.
5 Press ESC to quit the tool.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 2: Roof with Dormers
Task 2: Gambrel Roof Frame
We will now draw the roof frame.
To design roof slopes
3 Viewports should be active.
1 Click Roof Frame (Create flyout) and select Gable/Hip
Roof .
2 Define the parameters for the roof:
- Angle: 45 (°)
- Elevation line: 12.7
- Eaves:11.135
- Top level:13.0
- Bottom: 10.0
Tip: You can create anelevation line at a later stageby clicking the roof with theright mouse button. SelectProperties on the shortcutmenu. Enter the value of theelevation line in the Roof Frame dialog box.
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48 Task 2: Gambrel Roof Frame Allplan
3 Click the corners of the building to define the eaves line. The last
point you click should coincide with the first.
4 Click edges of the roof frame to apply slope
Apply the roof profile to the edges of the roof outline by clicking
them in plan view.
Tip: You can also use theauto-detect feature by
clicking an element in thedrawing and choosing
Finds Closed Polylines onthe Dynamic toolbar. Thenclick in the workspace justbeside the floor plan.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 2: Roof with Dormers
5 Press ESC to quit the tool.
This completes the design of the roof using architectural refe
planes.
Your screen should now look like this:
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50 Task 3: Insert Dormers Allplan
Task 3: Insert Dormers
The next step is to draw the dormer frames in the mansard. Creating
a dormer frame within a roof frame involves three steps:
Identify the roof frame.
Define the outline of the dormer.
Apply a slope to the edges of the dormer.
Elevationline
Roof frame
Construction lines
First define the outline of the small dormers by fitting each one
between the exterior wall and an elevation line. Then define the
profile of the dormers. As the dormer frames are to pass through a
specific point in the roof frame, use the Set Point option. Then apply
the profile to the first edge, match its settings and apply them to the
edges of the other dormers.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 2: Roof with Dormers
To insert dormers
1 Start by drawing temporary construction lines spaced at inter
of 1.50 m (see sketch).
2 Click Dormer (Create flyout).3 Select a plane in the roof frame to add a dormer window
Click in the roof pane and choose Gable/Hip Roof .
4 Set Angle to 30.
The front edge of the dormer has to meet the exterior edge of
wall. The ridge of the dormer frame will intersect the roof fra
at a specific height.
Create an elevation line for this purpose.
5 Set the value of the Elevation line to 12.7.
6 Click diagonally opposite points in the first dormer outline an
press ESC to finish entering the outline.
This defines the outline of the dormer .
7 On the Dynamic toolbar, click Set Point.
The ridge of the dormer frame has to be at exactly the height
the elevation line.
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52 Task 3: Insert Dormers Allplan
8 Point through which the slope is to pass
Choose Get Midpoint (Point Assistant toolbar) and find the
midpoint of the top edge of the outline.
9 Enter the height of this point
12.7 (=elevation line)10 Click edges of the roof frame to apply slope
Click the right-hand edge of the dormer.
With the Set Point option, you also created a height for the
eaves. However, this value has not yet been entered in the
Context toolbar.
11 Click and then the right-hand edge of the dormer.
The Eaves value updates accordingly.
12 Click edges of the roof frame to apply slope
Click the left-hand edge of the dormer.
13 Press ESC to quit the tool.
14 Repeat the above steps for the neighboring dormer on the right.
The values entered for the previous dormer are still set. It istherefore not absolutely necessary to use the Set Point option in
order to place the dormer ridge at the height of the elevation line.
Tip: You can get the exactheight of a component byclicking Measure(Standard toolbar) and thenCoordinates.Just click the points whosecoordinates you need to knowin elevation or isometric view.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 2: Roof with Dormers
15 Now draw the large dormer on the opposite side (see plan on
page 54).
The procedure is exactly the same. However, please note the
following:
- As this is just the lower, vertical part of a dormer, either dapply the slope or set the Angle box to 90°.
- The height of the top edge needs to be flush with the top
the concrete slab. In other words: 13.00.
16 Delete the construction lines.
Your screen should then look like this:
Tip: You can create additionaldormer planes by means of
Copy Plane (Modifyflyout), for example.
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54 Task 4: Copy Roof Frame Allplan
Task 4: Copy Roof Frame
The frames for the gambrel roof and the dormers are also required on
the drawing files where you will design the slab separately for the
roof and for the dormers.
We will begin by copying the roof frames onto drawing files 11 and
12.
To copy roof frames
1 On the File menu, click Copy/Move Elements between Files…
and select Copy to target drawing file.
2 Select drawing file 11 and press to confirm.
3 Select the element(s) you want to copy to file 11
Click Filter archit. elements based on element type (Filter
Assistant toolbar) and choose Plane in the Component area.
4 Press to confirm.
5 Open a selection rectangle around the entire floor plan or click
All on the dynamic toolbar.
6 Repeat the above steps to copy the roof frames to drawing file 12.
Tip: Rename the drawing filesas soon as the building has
been copied:File 10, Exterior WallFile 11, Roof File 12, Dormers
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 2: Roof with Dormers
Task 5: Slab and Slab Opening
First delete the dormers from the roof as the slab and slab openin
for the dormers will be created in the next drawing file.
We will apply a slab that covers the entire outline of the roof. W
will then draw openings in the slab.
To design a concrete slab
Open drawing file 11 and set 10 to reference mode.
1 Click Delete Plane (Modify flyout).
2 Click a roof frame in which to delete planes
Click the roof.
3 Click the plane you want to delete
Click the two small dormers.
The frame of the large dormer remains unaltered as the slab
continues upwards in this area.
Tip: Drawing file 10 needs tobe open in reference mode toprevent the dormers frombeing deleted in both drawingfiles. After deleting andclicking Refresh, only thedormers in drawing file 10should still be visible.
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56 Task 5: Slab and Slab Opening Allplan
4 Click Slab ( Architectural Components flyout).
5 Click Properties and
define the height setup:
The slab is 20 cm thick.
- TL relative to upper plane: 0.00
- BL relative to upper plane: -0.20
Activate Offset perpendicular to plane so that the
thickness of the slab is interpreted as a value perpendicular to
the plane of the roof.
6 Press to confirm the settings in the dialog boxes and click
the bottom edge of the drawing.
Note: Make sure that you do not click the element near to a point
(you should hear an acoustic signal).
7 On the Dynamic toolbar, click Finds Closed Polylines.
8 Click in the workspace below the drawing. The entire floor plan is
detected and the slab is placed over it.
Tip: If the polyline auto-detection feature only detectsindividual wall sections, goback a step and click each of the corners.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 2: Roof with Dormers
The next step is to draw a slab opening in the slab. The outline o
slab opening should match the outline of the dormer exactly.
To draw a slab opening
Drawing file 11 is current and drawing file 10 is open in
reference mode.
1 Click Slab Recess, Opening ( Architectural Openings flyo
2 Which slab?
Click the slab and, in Properties, select Slab recess an
choose the freeform opening.
3 Click the corners of the dormer in plan.
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58 Task 5: Slab and Slab Opening Allplan
4 Repeat these steps with the other small dormer.
5 Press ESC to quit the tool.
Result after running Hidden Line Image (in the border of the
viewport):
Tip: Try copying, mirroringand moving the dormerframes and slab openings(Modify flyout).These tools work in the sameway as in the Draft module.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 2: Roof with Dormers
Task 6: Slabs and Walls for the Dormers
We will use the next drawing file to design the dormer envelope
dormer roof is to project by 20 cm. Not only will it project
structurally; it will also project beyond the reference plane assign
to it without actually "dropping" onto the other reference plane.
This is why the roof covering needs to be attached to the upper
planes in the roof frame. Doing so ensures that the dormer roof i
generated correctly in the area. This way, the projecting part of t
roof covering (the overhang) will not bind itself to the plane belo
but to the selected plane instead. This approach requires that the
dormer roofs be drawn as two separate halves.
To design a slab for the dormer
Make drawing file 12 current and open drawing files 10 an
11 in reference mode. Close all the other drawing files.
3 Viewports should be active.
1 Click Slab ( Architectural Components flyout) and,
in Properties, define the height setup.
The dormer roof is 20 cm thick. The top of the dormer roof n
to be flush with the upper plane in the dormer frame. As each
roof pane in the dormer is associated with a different plane (e
sloping differently), the individual halves need to be drawn
separately.
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60 Task 6: Slabs and Walls for the Dormers Allplan
2 Make the following settings in the Bottom level area:
- Absolute component height: 0.20
- Offset perpendicular to plane so that the slab thickness is
interpreted as a value perpendicular to the roof plane.
3 Make the following settings in the Top level area:
- Offset: 0.00
4 In the Top level area, click Relative to upper level.
The dialog box will close.
5 In isometric view, click the top right edge of the dormer plane.
This defines the component or plane with which the slab is to beassociated. The Height dialog box is displayed again.
6 Press to confirm the dialog boxes.
The outline of the dormer roof is to protrude by 20 cm at the
sides and at the front.
7 Define properties, place polygon point 1 or enter offset
Enter an offset of 0.2 and
place the first point (see figure below).
8 To point or element / Enter offset Working counter-clockwise, click the next two points on the
outline of the dormer.
Tip: A positive offset isapplied towards the right inthe direction of circumscription while anegative offset is appliedtowards the left.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 2: Roof with Dormers
9 To point or element / Enter offset
Enter an offset of 0 and
place the next point for the outline.
10 Press ESC to finish entering.
The outline closes and the slab is created.
11 The Slab ( Architectural Components flyout) tool is still o
Click Properties and define the Height setup again.12 In the Top level area click Relative to upper level again t
attach the top of the slab to the top of the dormer plane on th
left.
13 Click the dormer plane on the left in isometric view.
1 3
14 Press to confirm the dialog boxes.15 Enter the offset
0.20 and place the first point for the outline of the slab.
16 Click the next two points on the outline of the dormer.
Tip: You can also create thesecond half of the dormer
using Mirror and Copy.
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62 Task 6: Slabs and Walls for the Dormers Allplan
17 Enter 0 and place the next point.
1 5
1 6 1 6
1 7
18 Press ESC to finish entering.
The outline closes and the slab is created.
19 Repeat all these steps for the dormer on the left.
The dormers should then look like this:
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 2: Roof with Dormers
Now have an exact look at the positions of the various planes!
We will now place the dormer walls. To begin with, the walls wi
associated with the dormer frame.
During input, however, we will associate the bottom level of the
walls with the adjacent roof plane.
D o r m e r p l a n e s R o o f p l a n e s R o o f p l a n e s
To draw dormer walls
1 Click Wall ( Architectural Components flyout) and select
Properties.
2 Set the thickness to 0.115 and set up the height as follows:- Top level area:
TL relative to upper plane,
Offset perpendicular to plane: -0.20
- Bottom level area:
Offset perpendicular to plane: -0.20
3 In the Bottom level area, click Relative to upper level. Th
dialog box will close temporarily.
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64 Task 6: Slabs and Walls for the Dormers Allplan
4 Click the sloping roof pane in plan.
5 Press to confirm the dialog boxes.
6 Select Straight Wall and place the start and end point of the
wall.
7 Offset direction
Click in the dormer.
8 Press ESC to finish entering the wall anddraw the other dormer walls – for the dormer on the other side,
too.
The bottom of the dormer walls has thus been explicitly associated –
at an offset of 20 cm - with the adjoining roof plane. The top level
automatically orients itself to the dormer plane.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 2: Roof with Dormers
Now, all that remains is to adjust the intersection of the dormer w
to the slope of the roof.
To adjust slope of dormer walls
1 Click Join Wall with Line ( Architectural Components fly
2 Click the wall you want to join
Click a dormer wall.
3 Click line with which to join wall or enter width of joint
Click the line where the dormer and concrete slab intersect.
4 Repeat these steps for the other walls.
5 Press ESC to quit the tool.
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66 Task 6: Slabs and Walls for the Dormers Allplan
To complete the roof, draw the planes for the top roof on the next
drawing file.
To create planes for the top roof
Make drawing file 13 current.
Open drawing files 10, 11 and 12 in reference mode. Close all the
other drawing files.
3 Viewports should be active.
1 Click Roof Frame (Create flyout) and
select Gable/Hip Roof.
2 Enter the parameters as shown:
Define the eaves.
As the roof is to project slightly over the mansard, you need toenter an offset (but not on the fire wall).
Tip: The height entered forthe top level is a (generous)estimate.
It is simply important toensure that the ridge is belowthe top of the frame when itis generated.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 2: Roof with Dormers
3 Define properties, place polygon point 1 or enter offset
Enter 0.3 m,
first click the bottom left corner of the roof plane and then
continue with the other corners (see illustration).
4 Once you have reached the top left corner of the roof plane, 0.00 m and
then press ESC to finish entering the outline of the eaves.
5 Apply the roof slope to all the edges except for the fire wall b
clicking them in plan view.
6 Press ESC to quit the tool.
7 Refresh the display.
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68 Task 6: Slabs and Walls for the Dormers Allplan
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 3: Rafters and Timber Elements
Exercise 3: Rafters and
Timber ElementsIn the continuation of our example we focus on the
Rafter Design module. This module provides tools for
creating all types of timber elements and entire rafter
placements in a quick and comfortable manner based
existing roof planes.
The position of the rafters when they are created depe
on the position of the planes. However, any subseque
modifications you make to the roof geometry have no
effect on the rafters.
Special tools are available for designing timber eleme
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70 Task 1: Rafter Roof Allplan
Task 1: Rafter Roof
In this exercise you will design rafters that automatically orient
themselves to the roof planes. We will start with the rafters at thetop, and then design the rafters for the mansard. This way, you canadjust the length of the lower rafters.
We will define the position of the rafters in such a way that thebottom level (of the rafters) rests on the upper plane of the roof.
Tip: As the following exerciseinvolves entering a lot of points, you are stronglyadvised to enlarge (zoom) therelevant sections.Otherwise, you run the risk of snapping neighboring pointswhich would lead to
imprecise results!
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 3: Rafters and Timber Elements
To design rafters
In the CAD Navigator select the Rafter Design mo
Drawing file 13 should be current while drawing files 10, 1
12 are open in reference mode.1 Click Place Rafters (Create flyout).
2 Click plane
Click inside the roof plane.
3 Define properties or place a point to define start of placeme
region
Click near (!) the wall and set the reference point on the exte
side of the wall if it isn’t already there.
4 Place new reference point or enter offset to the current one
Enter 0.10 (offset to exterior edge).
5 Define properties or place a point to define end of placemen
region
Click near the endpoint on the right and
enter 0.80 m for the offset.
6 In the Place Rafters dialog box, click Properties and d
the parameters:
- Eaves shape / Ridge shape
- Width/height: 0.08/0.16
- Trade: Rough framework
- Material: Wood (for subsequent analyses)
Tip: If you click too near to apoint, the system will snap toit (you will not see thereference point marker).In this case, press ESC and re-set the start and end points of the placement region.
Tip: With the Static option,timber elements that areintersected by componentswith a higher priority rating
are left with a ‘hole‘ wherethey were intersected, evenwhen the other component isdeleted.
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72 Task 1: Rafter Roof Allplan
Placement parameters:
- Rafter tail (dl) and Rafter tail (dX) : 0.00
- Height of top level above roof : 0.16 (= height of top of
rafters) This ensures that the bottom of the rafters will rest
exactly on the top of the roof plane.- Height of top level above opposite roof : 0.16
7 Press to confirm.
The rafters are to be spaced at regular intervals with a maximum
clearance of 80 cm.
8 Click Number and enter 24.
The rafters are now drawn spaced at 0.766 cm (= placing mode 1
).
9 Press ESC to finish the rafter design.
10 Rafter design will now finish. Save changes? Press Yes. The rafters are created.
11 Now place the rafters in the other roof planes (drawing file 13).
Tip: If you find that you can’tselect a plane, you may need
to close unnecessary drawingfiles or layers first.
Tip: You can use ModifyPlaced Timber Elements toclick a rafter system andmodify it based on the initialsettings.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 3: Rafters and Timber Elements
The next step is to place the rafters for the mansard story
(drawing file 11); only the parameters need to be modified:
12 Make drawing file 11 (concrete slab) current and set the othe
files to reference mode.
13 Click Place Rafters and select a plane.
14 Place the start and end point and define the following
parameters:
- Ridge shape
- Height of top level above opposite roof : –0.2
When you click to confirm the settings, you can already
in the preview whether the different rafter systems still inters
All the other values should be the same from the previous ste
Nevertheless, check that they match those shown below.
Tip: You can easily copyentire rafter systems onto
mirror inverted panes using Mirror and Copy.
Use the filter tool to assistyou.
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74 Task 1: Rafter Roof Allplan
We now need to make space for the dormers. This is done by firstlocking the rafters and then creating different rafter ‘regions’.
To lock rafters
1 If the Place Rafters tool is no longer active, click Modify
Placed Timber Elements (Modify flyout) and click the timber
placement.
Otherwise, continue at step 2.
2 Click Lock on the Context toolbar,
choose a rafter and, if necessary, move it, (in this example: beside
a dormer).
3 Click the arrow buttons on the Context toolbar to define the
regions.
Now you can set all the parameters of each area according to your requirements – this also applies to the settings made in
Properties.
Tip: You can also ‘unlock’rafters by clicking Clear andthen the selection displaying
the relevant placementregion.
You can then lock the rafterto a different place.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 3: Rafters and Timber Elements
Task 2: Hip and Valley Rafters
Placing hip and valley rafters is easy. All you have to do is place
them on the lines where the roof panes intersect.
To design hip and valley rafters
Make drawing file 13 current again.
1 Click Hip/Valley Rafter (Create flyout).
2 Click arris or valley line
Click an arris or valley line.
3 Click Properties and set the following parameters:
4 Properties / offset direction
Click exactly on the line.
5 Do the same at the other intersection lines and press ESC to q
the tool.
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76 Task 2: Hip and Valley Rafters Allplan
6 Now place the hip rafter in the same manner:
- Make drawing file 11 current again and
set the other drawing files to reference mode or close them.
- Click Properties and check the top cut andHeight above opposite roof (-0.20).
- Also, because of the concrete cover, do not center the hip
rafters. Place them to the side in pairs instead.
7 Make drawing file 12 (dormers) current and
place rafters on the small dormers.
In 3 Viewports mode the following should now be displayed
on your screen:
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 3: Rafters and Timber Elements
Task 3: Ridge Purlin and Inferior Purlin
Two options are provided for defining the height of purlins:
You can enter the height as an absolute value or click a poinisometric view.
You can specify a rafter below which the purlin is to pass. Thheight of the purlin is then defined by the offset to a referencpoint in the drawing and the insertion depth in the rafters.
To design ridge purlin and inferior purlin
1 Click Roof Beam (Create flyout).
2 Define properties or a point through which beam will pass
Click a point on the line representing the ridge in plan.
Note: Make sure that you click a rafter in order for the purlin
be placed below it automatically.
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78 Task 3: Ridge Purlin and Inferior Purlin Allplan
3 Click Properties and define the parameters for the ridgepurlin:
- Enter 0.10/0.18 for the cross-section.
- Enter the vertical insertion depth 0.03.
- Choose Wood as the material
and set the building trade to Rough framework .
4 Press to confirm and
define the start and end point in plan.
5 Offset direction
Click above the ridge.
Now define the position of the inferior purlin.
6 Click the edge of the curb joint without clicking a rafter.
As you still need to snap to a genuine point, you can click the
Point of Intersection (Point Assistant toolbar) between the edgeof the curb joint and the firewall.
11
7 Click Properties and
enter 0.13/0.13 for the cross-section.
8 On the Dynamic toolbar, click Bottom. This ensures that allsubsequent values are based on the bottom level of the
component.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 3: Rafters and Timber Elements
9 Define the height in one of the following ways:
Enter 13.0 for the height.
Click a point on the edge of the curb joint in elevation or
isometric view. (You must snap a point!)
The height of this point is adopted.
10 Define the start and end point of the purlin in plan.
11 Offset direction
Click the flat concrete slab.
12 Complete the design by repeating the steps above.
You should now be familiar with the two methods available for defining the height of a purlin:
Based on a rafter with specification of the insertion depth
Based on absolute height of bottom or top level
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80 Task 4: Posts Allplan
Task 4: Posts
The next step is to place posts below the ridge purlins.
To design posts
Drawing file 13 should be current and the Rafter Design
module should be open.
1 Click Post (Create flyout).
2 Click Properties,
enter 0.15/0.15 for the cross-section and
press to confirm.
3 Set the Anchor point for preview and place the post cross-
section below a ridge purlin point.
4 Enter bottom level of post /... ; Enter top level of post / ... :
Click the requested points – it is a good idea to enlarge (zoom)
the relevant section.
The first post is thus positioned.
You can now place the post you just defined on as many other
points as you want.
5 Repeat the steps for the post using different height values and
press ESC to quit the tool.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 3: Rafters and Timber Elements
Task 5: Header
The next step is to add a header in the rafter system for the man
The rafter section within the header only has to be deleted. Thesection ‘Slab and Slab Openings“ shows how to draw the necessaslab openings.
1 , 1 0 0 , 5 0
To design headers
Make drawing file 11 (concrete slab) current and set all the
others to reference mode.
1 Click Header (Create flyout).
2 Click Properties anddefine the parameters:
- Enter 0.08/0.16 for the cross-section.
- Assign the Material and Trade attributes.
3 Press to confirm and, in plan, click the rafter where the
header is to begin (without snapping a point).
4 Place new reference point or enter offset to the current one
To move the reference point, click the point where the rafter
the outer edge of the building intersect and enter 0.50, for example (see sketch).
5 Define properties or click rafter , beam or collar tie
Click the rafter where the header is to end. Headers are alway
created parallel to the eaves.
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82 Task 5: Header Allplan
6 Properties / offset direction
Click the outer side.
7 Create the second header in the same manner at a distance of
1.60 m from the outer edge of the building.
Rafters intersected by the header are automatically divided into
segments.
8 Click Delete (Edit flyout) and remove the rafter segment
within the headers.
Tip: The shortcut menu oftenprovides quicker access to thetools.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 3: Rafters and Timber Elements
Task 6: Rafter-supporting Purlins, Collar TieRafter-supporting purlins are always arranged parallel to the eav
You can make the same settings on the Rafter-Supporting Purli
Context toolbar as for the Rafter tool.
To design rafter-supporting purlins
The Rafter Design module should be open.
Open the relevant drawing files for the roof planes.
1 Click Rafter-Supporting Purlin (Create flyout).
2 Click plane
Click in the roof plane and set parameters in Propertie
3 Press to confirm and define the start and end point .
(usually the eaves and ridge point).
4 Press ESC to quit entry mode and press Yes to confirm.
Tip: In particular, you shouldcheck the height above theroof/roof plane.If the principal rafters or aslab have already been placedover the plane, you can use
to match the height of apoint in elevation or isometricview.
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84 Task 6: Rafter-supporting Purlins, Collar Ties Allplan
A Note on Collar Ties
This tool requires two rafters that are exactly opposite each other.
To design collar ties
1 Click Collar Tie (Create flyout).
2 Click Properties and define the parameters.
3 Press to confirm and click the rafter where the collar tie is
to begin.
4 Enter height / point through which it will pass
Click Bottom or Top on the Dynamic toolbar – depending on
whether the height value is to be based on the top or bottom of
the collar tie – and
enter a height.
5 Define properties or click rafters
Click the rafter on the opposite side. You can create the other collar ties simply by copying the first
one.
The Collar Beam (Create flyout) tool, by the way, is used in thesame way.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 3: Rafters and Timber Elements
Task 7: Roof Covering
We will now draw the roof covering over the rafters. To see bett
what you are doing, only activate the drawing file that you curr
need.
To design a roof covering
Make drawing file 13 (top roof) current and
close all the others.
1 Click Roof Covering (Roofs and Planes flyout).
2 Click Properties and define the height:
Tip:
Do you use the online Help?If you need more informationas you work, press the F1 keyto display Help on the activetool.Not only is the tool itself described, but also how to useit as well as the options and
buttons provided in thedialog box in question.
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86 Task 7: Roof Covering Allplan
- Height above plane: 0.19 (0.16 rafters + 0.03 rafter-supporting
purlin)
- Thickness: 0.03
3 Assign the material Pantile to the roof and the trade Roofing
work and press to confirm.
4 Click the corners of the roof frame in the drawing and
press ESC to quit the tool.
5 Activate the drawing file with the mansard story (11), then the
one with the dormers (12) and repeat these steps.
The roof covering should not pierce the upper roof plane in the
mansard (see sketch). When you enter the polyline, therefore, you
need to enter the upper edge with an offset ( Measure).
In the case of the dormers, each individual pane has to be attached to
the appropriate dormer roof plane (see also ‘Design slab for the
dormer ’). Choose the Roof covering over dormer only optionin the dialog box.
You can use the Skylight tool (Create flyout) to createskylights in roof coverings. Try it!
Tip: In the Roof Coveringdialog box, Setup area, youcan select the number of layers of the roof covering.
Boundary area for
upper polygon edge
Planes fold atgambrel roof
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 3: Rafters and Timber Elements
Multi-layer roof covering and rafters
You could apply a multi-layer roof covering to the top roof, for example a insulation layer and a layer consisting of pantiles.
The height of the bottom level above roof plane has to be adjusteaccordingly.
You can use Intersect Timber Elements with Roof Coveringintersect rafter or beam placements with a roof covering: the tim
elements intersect the first layer of the roof covering (e.g. insulatThis is also taken into account for quantity takeoff operations.
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88 Task 8: Timber Schedule Allplan
Task 8: Timber Schedule
To finish, we will generate two timber schedules that list all the
timber elements in the design.This operation will only evaluate the data in active drawing files (i.e.,current or open in edit mode). You can sort the timber elements by component and by material:
Component schedule
Sorts the elements by component (e.g., rafters, valley rafter), the
second sort criterion is the cross-section. The volume displayed is theactual volume.
Material schedule
Sorts the elements by material (e.g., wood), the second sort criterionis also the cross-section. The volume displayed is the gross volume.
To create a timber schedule
Set the relevant drawing files to current or edit mode.
1 Click Timber Schedule (Create II flyout).
2 Choose Component schedule to obtain a schedule in which the
timber elements are sorted by component. Then press to
confirm.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 3: Rafters and Timber Elements
3 Click the workspace twice with the right mouse button or ena
All on the dynamic toolbar to select the entire drawing file.
You can choose to save the schedule as a spreadsheet or as a
ASCII file. Alternatively, you can place it in the workspace o
print it out.
4 Press ESC to quit the tool.
5 Repeat these steps for the Material schedule.6 If necessary, repeat these steps with the other drawing files (i
they were not already open).
Tip: You can also use FindElements on the Dynamictoolbar to specify additionalsearch criteria for the objectsto be included in the
schedule.
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90 Task 8: Timber Schedule Allplan
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92 Task 8: Timber Schedule Allplan
You modify roofs in the same way that you create them – theonly difference is that you do not need to enter the outline of theeaves. Simply click the roof you want to modify, define a profileand apply it to the relevant edges.
When you click a roof to modify it, its values are not adopted.That is to say that the values shown in the Context toolbar are
those that you set for the last roof you designed.
We will begin by modifying the roof frame in drawing file 10 – wecan ignore the drawing files with the roof covering and dormer roof for the time being – by applying a new profile on one of its sides.Two methods are available for adapting the slab later to reflect the
alterations you make to the roof:
You can repeat the edits described in this section for the roof frames in drawing files 11 to 13 or
You can delete the old roof frames on drawing files 11 to 13 andcopy the new planes from drawing file 10 (apply a filter).
To adapt the walls to reflect the alterations in the roof, you need
to execute Restore 3D View (Modify flyout or 3D
Modification flyout) after copying to the relevant drawing file.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 4: Making Alterations to the Roof
Task 1: Modify Roof Profile
It is often necessary to make alterations to the original design. W
will now change the height of the eaves and the roof pitch on on
side of the building.
Modified roof profile
60°
30°
+ 10.00
+ 10.50
+ 11.50
+ 13.00
Old roof profile
To do this, we will create a gambrel roof profile that consists ofsegments.
To modify a roof profile
Activate the Roof Modeler module.
Make drawing file 10 current and close all the others.
1 Click Modify Roof Frame (Modify flyout).
2 Click the roof frame you want to modify
Click inside the roof.
3 On the Context toolbar, click Eaves and enter 10.5.
4 Click Gambrel Roof , enter a 60° slope for the first segmen
and set Height above eaves to 1.0.
5 Click the second segment and enter a 30° slope.
6 Press to confirm.
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94 Task 1: Modify Roof Profile Allplan
7 Click edge to apply profile
In plan view, click the line representing the eaves on the right.
The roof frame changes.
8 Press ESC to quit the tool.
The walls adapt to the new envelope.The architectural planes are created. The following should now be
displayed on your screen (enlarged section):
If you only know the distance and height – instead of the pitch –
when you make the modification, you can do the following:
N K Design a ‘roof using two points’.
O K ‘Match’ the new values
P K If you then continue with the Gambrel Roof tool, you willfind that the new slope and eave height are already set for the first segment and that all you need to enter is the distance
value.
Tip: You can also combine aroof pane with a barrel roof profile.
See also
Exercise 1, “Gambrel Roof“
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 4: Making Alterations to the Roof
Task 2: Split and Lower Section
We will now split and lower an area of the building.
The Split and Lower tool can only be used to lower the lower
roof plane. It cannot be used to raise it!
To lower a part of the lower plane
Drawing file 10 should be current.
1 Click Split and Lower (Modify flyout).
We will drop a section of the lower plane by 0.50 m.
2 Enter 9.50 in the Bottom box.
Tip: The value you enter inthe Roof Frame Contexttoolbar is not the value bywhich the area is to be
lowered; rather, it is theabsolute height of the lowerplane.
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96 Task 2: Split and Lower Section Allplan
3 Define properties, place polygon point 1 or enter offset
Click two diagonally opposite points and
press ESC to finish entering the polyline.
The lower plane in the area you defined is lowered to an absolute
height of 9.5 m.
As the bottom levels of the walls are associated with the lower
plane, they adapt automatically.
The design should now look like this in Left Elev.
Tip: You can use DeletePlane to delete the drop inlevel.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 4: Making Alterations to the Roof
Task 3: Half-hipped Roof
In the next exercise we will modify the gable roof you designed
begin with and create a half-hipped roof based on it.
To modify the gambrel roof to make a half-hip roof
Make drawing file 1 current and close all the others.
1 Click Modify Roof Frame (Modify flyout).
2 Click the roof frame you want to modify
Click an edge of the roof.
We will use the same settings for the half-hipped roof as for
principal roof pane.
3 Click Match on the Context toolbar and click the eaves on
right or left hand side.
The half hip is to begin 3 m above the bottom level of the wa
i.e., it will run at an absolute height of 8.50 m. You can bypa
the process of entering this point by displaying an elevation
at this height.
4 Click Elevation line and
enter 8.50.
5 Click Set Point (Dynamic toolbar) and click a corner of theelevation line in isometric view.
Tip: The settings displayed inthe Context toolbar arealways those that you usedfor the most recent roof.
Tip: The point you set doesn’tnecessarily have to be on theroof pane itself.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 4: Making Alterations to the Roof
The following should now be displayed on your screen:
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100 Additional Information on Making Roof Alterations Allplan
Additional Information on Making Roof Alterations
Removing slopes from roof frames
There are times when you will find that you want to start over againwith the process of applying roof profiles.To delete all the profiles in a roof, either delete the roof frame or
modify the roof using Modify Roof Frame, selecting Gable/Hip
Roof , entering a slope of 90 and then enclosing the entire roof in a
selection rectangle.
I can’t apply a profile
Do the following when the roof refuses to accept a profile that you
want to apply and simply remains cube-like.First check the settings for the slope, eaves, top and bottom level onthe Context toolbar.If the settings are OK, the problem may be that you have
inadvertently superimposed two roof planes. In this case, profiles
cannot be applied. Use Delete Plane to delete the redundantplane.
Modifying individual planes in a roof
You can explode a roof – which, after all, is simply a collection of pairs of reference planes – into its constituent planes and then edit
each plane using Modify Roof Frame (in the Architecturemodule). This is often useful with complex roofs.
A roof that has been exploded into discrete planes can no longer be
addressed as a single roof (e.g., with Copy Plane).
Detailed information is provided in the online Help (press the F1 key to access it) or in the manual.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 5: Design Steel Skeleton
Exercise 5: Design Steel
SkeletonThe Rafter Design module offers unlimited possibiliti
for using your own, custom sections or predefined
sections from the symbol catalog.
Not only do you have full control over the shapes, bu
you can also assign the material – e.g., steel – as well
other parameters.
In subsequent analyses and evaluations of the buildin
data, you can thus output steel schedules.
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102 Task 1: Create Custom Sections Allplan
Task 1: Create Custom Sections
To create a 2D symbol and save it as a column cross-
section
Open and empty drawing file (14) and make it current.
Close all the others.
1 Draw the following using the 2D tools on the Draft flyout:
Exact dimensions are only of
importance if you want to enter
standard components. For custom
outlines, you can enter the exact
dimensions later in a dialog box
(see below).
This approach can be used for
any 2D cross-section.
2 Use Write to Library (Standard toolbar) to save this drawing
as a symbol.
3 In the Rafter Design module, click Post (Create flyout) and set
the following parameters in Properties:
Tip: You can use thefunctions integrated in the
dialog box toMirror/rotate the section(profile) before placing it.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 5: Design Steel Skeleton
- Choose a Profile
(Choose a different library and folder if necessary.)
- Trade: Steel construction work
- Material: Steel
4 Define properties or place a point
Place the symbol and
enter the following height values:
- Enter bottom level of post or place a transition point :0.00
- Enter top level of post or enter a point through which it w
pass : 9.50
5 Define properties or place a point
Place two more posts with a center-to-center distance of 6 m
using the Brackets and Delta Point tools (Point Assis
toolbar).
6 Click Mirror and Copy (Edit flyout) and create the posts the opposite side at a distance of 10 m from each other.Distance to edge of mirror axis: 5 m.
If necessary, use Brackets and Delta Point.
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104 Task 2: Place HEB Sections Allplan
Task 2: Place HEB Sections
To create “steel beams“
1 Click Place Beam (Create flyout) and enter 10.0 in the Heightbox.
2 Polyline from point ... / ... to point
Define the polyline along the corner posts.
3 Press ESC to finish entering the current polyline and
then ESC again to quit polyline input mode.
4 Click a line that will serve as the reference line
In plan, click the line along which the beams are to be placed.
Tip: We recommend that youcreate additional points whenentering the polyline of thecorner posts. This ensures thatthe beams cover the postsexactly.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Exercise 5: Design Steel Skeleton
5 Define the start and end of the placement region and
click Properties:
- Use to select a suitable profile from a symbol cat(e.g. HEA 500).
- If required, adjust the Width/height.
- Trade: Steel construction work
- Material: Steel
- Bearing length reference line / opp.(osite): 1.0 m for eac
6 Set the parameters as shown:
7 Press ESC to finish entry, press Yes to confirm and press ESC
quit the tool.
Tip: If you installed the ‘Basicarchitecture symbols‘ withAllplan, different steelsections are available to youin the symbol catalog.
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106 Task 2: Place HEB Sections Allplan
To design “steel rafters“
1 In the Roof Modeler module, click Roof Frame (Roofs and
Planes flyout) and create a roof frame around the steel beams.
The result might look like this:
2 In the Rafter Design module, click Place Rafters (Create
flyout) and select a plane.
Tip: Check the value inOpposite pitch to obtain aclean intersection at the ridgewhen the roof pitches are
different.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Designing Custom Planes
Designing Custom Planes
An Outlook on the 3D Modeling Module
Tools for creating basic shapes are a standard CAD
feature.
What about profiles with unusual shapes, though?
When you have purchased the 3D Modeling mod
you create 3D “roofscapes” based on 2D designs.The following chapter is an extract from the Advance
3D step-by- step guide.
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110 An Outlook on the 3D Modeling Module Allplan
Using the view of the building, you can draw a dormer shapeconsisting of 2D lines. This can then be converted to a 3D entity andintegrated in the roof ’s plane structure.The dormer immediately has an effect on the cubic volume and floor space calculations.
This short description is provided to illustrate the boundless
opportunities provided in the 3D Modeling module when itcomes to designing your own planes.
Create the house or atticusing just roof frames.
You can then fill it out
with a Free-form Wall.
Create a hidden-line
image in a separatedrawing file based on anelevation view.
You can draw any dormer shape you wantas a 2D design.
The lines for the dormer
profile are converted to
3D entities and movedonto the roof.
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Designing Custom Planes
The profile is rotated by
90° relative to thedormer ridge.
The dormer and dormer
ridge are rotated by 90°
again in plan view. Thedistance to the base lineaxis of rotation ensures
the correct height in the zdirection.
A polyline
sweep solidis obtainedfrom the 3Dparts of the
dormer.
The dormer and thebuilding
structure are
joined.
The 3Dobject isexplodedintoarchitectural
referenceplanes.
You can now draw all the components you need in the area
delimited by the planes: Walls, roof, windows etc. will adapt
automatically!
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Roof Modeling, Rafter Design Index
Index3
3D Modeling 109
B
barrel roof 33
creating 36
parameters 38
related shapes 33
transferring frame 39
basic settings 16
pen and linetype 17
reference scale 17
units 17
C
collar beam 84
collar tie 84
D
Default reference planes 20
delete roof plane 55
dormer
dormer slab 59
dormer walls 63
inserting 50, 51drawing file organization 44
E
elevation line 51, 97
F
find closed polylines 39, 56
G
Gable/Hip Roof 47, 66
gambrel roof
universal shape 29Gambrel Roof 29, 93
H
Half-hipped Roof 97
header 81
Mmodification
additional information 1
modifying roof frames 9
split and lower 95
modifications
modifying roof profile 93
roof, general 91
Modify Roof Profile 93
mono-pitch roof 26
using 2 points 27
Oobjectives 11
P
planes
custom planes 9
default planes 9
priority issues 9
split and lower 95
posts 80
purlin 77
Rrafters and timber elements
collar beam 84
collar tie 84
header 81
hip and valley rafter 75
placing 71
post 80
purlin 77
rafter design 71, 75
rafter-supporting purlins
timber schedule 88
Rafters and Timber Element
reference scale 17
requirements 2
roof 41
barrel roof 33
basic shapes 19
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