Cord in Spinal Canal
Dorsal Root Ganglion
Denticulate Ligament
Posterior Median Sulcus
Posterior Root
Anterior Root
Spinal Nerve
Spinal Cord Segments
• 4 segments: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, and Sacral (only 1 coccygeal nerve)
• 31 pairs of spinal nerves
Superficial and Deep Posterior Triangle
Platysma
Nerve Point of Neck
Ext. jugular v.
SCM
Accessory n.
Prevertebral fascia
Brachial plexus
Scalenes
Phrenic n.
Splenius
Levator scapulae
Thyroid Malfunction
• Hypothyroidism• Endemic goiters –due to iodine
deffeicency
• Cretinism – thyroxine in child results in growth (dwarf) and severe mental retardation
• Myxedema – thyroxine in adult, leads to swelling of tissues plus other symptoms
Thyroid Malfunction• Hyperthyroidism
• Toxic goiters (Graves disease) –Ab may stimulate thyroid without negative feedback control
• Exophthalmos –symptom present in many hyperthyroid patients
PTH Actions• Stimulates resorption of
bone Ca+ and PO4- in
blood
• Stimulates Ca+ absorption in intestine (active Vit. D3 necessary for Ca+ absorption)
• Stimulates Ca+ reabsorption and PO4
- excretion in kidney
• Stimulates Vit. D3 formation (skin) and activation (kidney)
• Vital for life
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Epiglottis
Arytenoid cartilage
Laryngeal Cartilages
Hyoid
(posterior)
(anterior)
CN X: supply to laryngeal muscles
Recurrent Laryngeal n.(motor to all other laryngeal muscles)
External Laryngeal n.(motor to inf. Pharnygeal constrictor and the cricohyoid)
Internal Laryngeal n.(sensory & autonomic)
Inf. Vagal ganglion
Carotid Triangle
Digastric (posterior belly)
SCM
Ansa cervicalis
Common carotid a.
Internal carotid a.
External carotid a.
IJV
Omohyoid
Ext. Carotid Branches
Common CarotidIJV
Int. carotid
Ext. carotid
Sup. Thyroid
FacialLingual
Occipital Post. Auricular
Maxillary
Superficial Temporal
Asc. Pharyngeal (not show)Ansa cervicalis
Hypoglossal n.
External carotid (isolated)
Occipital
Post. Auricular
Superficial Temporal
Maxillary
Sup. Thyroid
Facial
Lingual
Asc. Pharyngeal
Note: Internal carotid has NO neck branches.
Oro- and nasopharynxPharyngeal tonsil
Pharyngeal recess
Palatine bone
Soft palate
Uvula
Lingual Tonsil
Tubal tonsils (small holes)Pharyngotympanic (Eustachian) tube
Salpingopharyngeal fold
Tonsillar cleftPalatoglossal arch
Palatopharyngeal arch
Top Related