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NEAR FIELD
COMMUNICATION
(GUIDED BY:MISS ANUJA V NAIR)
BY:
REJOY MENDEZ
ROLL NO:24
S7 ECE
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OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION
FEATURES OF NFC
TECHNOLOGICAL OVERVIEW
COMPARISON WITH OTHER TECHNOLOGY
SECURITY ASPECTS
APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION
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INTRODUCTION
Wireless short range communication technology.
Allows intuitive initialization of wireless networks .
NFC also works in dirty environment.
NFC does not require line of sight.
Easy and simple connection method.
Provides communication method to non-self
powered devices
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FEATURES OF NFC
Based on RF Technology at 13.56 Mhz .
Operating distance upto 20 cm, typically
even less.Data exchange rate up to ~1 Mbit planned.
Compatible with todays field proven
RFID technology.
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TECHNOLOGICAL
OVERVIEW COMMUNICATION MODES .
CODING AND MODULATION .
INITIATOR AND TARGET.
COLLISION AVOIDANCE.
PROTOCOL FLOW.
OPERATING MODES OF NFC.
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COMMUNICATION MODES :
ACTIVE MODE: Two active devices
communicate with each other. Each device
has to generate its own RF field ,if it wants
to send data.
PASSIVE MODE: In this mode commn
takes place between an active and a passivedevice.
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CODING AND MODULATION
MANCHESTERCODING
MODIFIEDMILLER CODING
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NFC DATA TRANSFER RATE
RATE ACTIVE DEVICE PASSIVE DEVICE
424 kBps Manchester,10% ASK Manchester,10% ASK
212 kBps Manchester,10%ASK Manchester,10% ASK
106 kBps Modified Miller,100%
ASK
Manchester,10% ASK
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INITIATOR & TARGET
INITIATOR TARGET
ACTIVE POSSIBLE POSSIBLE
PASSIVE NOT POSSIBLE POSSIBLE
Possible Combinations Active/Passive with Initiator/Target
COLLISION AVOIDANCE
Usually misunderstandings are rather rare, since thedevices have to be placed in direct proximity.
The protocol proceeds from the principle: listen beforetalk.If the case occurs that two or more targets answer atexactly the same time, a collision will be detected by theinitiator.
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PROTOCOL FLOW
INITIALIZATION The collision avoidance. Selection of targets.
Initiator determines the communicationmode and chooses the transfer speed.
TRANSPORT PROTOCOL :
Activation of the protocol . The data exchange protocol, and
The deactivation of the protocol including theDeselection and the Release.
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OPERATING MODES OF NFC
NFC devices are unique in that they can
change their mode of operation to be in
reader/writer mode, peer-to-peer mode, or
card emulation mode.
The different operating modes are based onthe ISO/IEC 18092 NFC IP-1 and ISO/IEC
14443 contactless smart card standards.
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PEER TO PEER COMMUNICATION
o In Peer-to-Peer mode, two NFC devices can
exchange data.
o For example, you can share Bluetooth or WiFi
link set up parameters, and exchange data such as
virtual business cards or digital photos.
o Peer-to-Peer mode is standardized on the
ISO/IEC 18092 standard.
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ISO18092
This International Standard defines communicationmodes for (NFCIP-1) using inductive coupled devicesoperating at the centre frequency of 13,56 MHz forinterconnection of computer peripherals.
It also defines both the Active and the Passivecommunication modes of NFCIP-1 to realize acommunication network using NFC devices.
This Standard specifies modulation schemes,codings, transfer speeds, and frame format of the RFinterface, as well as protocol .
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READER/WRITER MODE
In reader/writer mode, the NFC deviceis capable of reading NFC Forummandated tag types, such as in the
scenario of reading an NFCSmartposter tag.
The reader/writer mode is on the RFinterface compliant to the ISO 14443and FeliCa schemes.
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ISO14443
ISO/IEC 14443 defines a proximity cards usedfor identification of standard credit card form.
Describes two types of cards: type A and typeB,differ in modulation methods, codingschemes and protocol initializationprocedures but same transmission protocol.
Component terms : PCD proximity couplingdevice (or reader) ,PICC proximity integrated
circuit card
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TAG EMULTION MODE
The NFC device itself acts as an NFC tag,
appearing to an external reader much the
same as a traditional contactless smartcard. This enables contactless payments
and eticketing .
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COMPARISON WITH OTHERTECHNOLOGIES
RFID
BLUETOOTH and
INFRARED
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RFID & NFC
In RFID systems basically two elements
* Tags or transponders
* Readers or interrogators NFC is a short range wireless connectivitytechnology which combines RFID andinterconnection technologies.NFC systems
consist of two elements:* The Initiator
* The Target
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LIMITATIONS OF RFID:
* Cost of spreading the readers;
* Localization; at the moment, this is given within a
quite a large area, and
* Memory capacity of the tags.
LIMITATIONS SOLVED BY NFC TECHNOLOGY:
* An NFC initiator device can move to any place.
* The localization will be exact because of the need tobring the target and the initiator very close together.
* The initiator can make use of the memory of the
device, associating it with the memory of the objective.
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COMPARISON WITH
BLUETOOTH AND INFRARED
NFC simplifies the way consumer devicesinteract.
The problem with infrared.
The significant advantage over Bluetooth isthe shorter set-up time, (
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NFC WITH BLUETOOTH
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SECURITY ASPECTS
EAVESDROPPING
DATA DESTRUCTION
DATA MODIFICATION
DATA INSERTION
MAN-IN-THE-MIDDLE-ATTACK
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APPLICATIONS
In mobile phones there are three mainuse cases for NFC: card emulation,reader mode, P2P mode .
Mobile ticketing in public transport.
Mobile payment
Smart poster Bluetooth pairing
Mobile commerce
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CONCLUSION
In summary, Near Field Communication is anefficient technology for communications with short
ranges. NFC is not a fashionable nice-to-havetechnology, but actually a technology that makespeoples lives easier easier to pay for goods andservices, easier to use public transport, and easier toshare data between devices.
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REFERENCES
Jos Bravo, Ramn Hervs , Gabriel Chavira From Implicit toTouching Interaction: RFID and NFC Approaches ,SixthInternational Conference on the Management of MobileBusiness (ICMB 2008)0-7695-2803-1/07 $25.00 2008 IEEE
Anokwa, Y., et al. A User Interaction Model for NFC EnabledApplications . in IEEE International Conference on PervasiveComputing and Communications Workshops 2007.
Near Field Communication and Bluetooth Bridge System forMobile Commerce C.Y. Leong, K. C. Ong , K. K. Tan*, O.P.
GAN 2006 IEEE International Conference on IndustrialInformatics
WIKIPEDIA
www.nfcforum.com
www.ecma-international.org
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