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Enhancing natural resources management for food security in Africa
Volume 26, Issue 1
The forest sector in the green economy in Afr ica
[email protected]:/ / www.fao.org/ afr ica/ publi cati ons/ nature-and-faune-magazine/
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONSAccra, Ghana
2011
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BOARD OF REVIEWERS
Advisers: Atse Yapi , Chr istopher Nugent, Fernando Sali nas, Ren Czudek
FAO 2011
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ContentsMessage to Reader s
Maria Helena SemedoEditorial Moustapha Kamal Gueye
Announcements
Special Featur e
Brian Marshall and Olivia Mkumbo
Opinion Piece
Mafa Chipeta 14
Franois Wenclius Articles
Rao Matta 24Monika Bertzky, Val Kapos, Punjanit Leagnavar and Mart ina Otto
Mafa E. Chipeta
Richard Gyimah 39
Samuel Assembe-Mvondo, Richard Ebaa Atyi, Guillaume LescuyerandAndrew Wardell
Antoine Eyebe, Dominique Endamana, Jeffery Sayer, Manuel Ruiz Perez,Agni Boedhihartono, Walters Gretchen, Kenneth Angu Angu and Louis Ngono
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Isreal Borokini 54
Edson Gandiwa
Eunice Njoroge and Muhayimana Janviere
John Waugh
Lateef Akinwumi Folorunso
Vincent Nyirenda, Wilbroad Chansa and Vincent Ziba
Fola Babalola and Abi Ene 82
Country Focus: South Afr icaRonald Heath
FAO Acti vit ies
Ruhiza Jean Boroto Link
Theme and Deadli ne for Next Issue
Guideli nes for Authors, Subscr ipt ion and Correspondence
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Message to Readers
Maria Helena Semedo
Nature & Faune
The forest sectorin the green economy in Afri ca
1 Maria Helena Semedo, Assistant Director-General/ Regional Representative for Africa,Regional Office for Africa, United Nations Foodand Agriculture Organization, P. O. Box GP 1628Accra. Ghana. Tel: (233) 302 675000 ext. 2101/(233) 302 7010 930 ext. 2101; fax: 233 302 668 4272UNEP, 2011, Towar ds a Green Economy:Pathways to Sustainable Development andPoverty Eradication - A Synthesis for PolicyMakers, www.unep.org/ greeneconomy
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Editorial Forests in a green economy t ransi ti on
in Afri ca
Moustapha Kamal Gueye1
1 Acting Head, Green Economy Advisory Services
Unit UNEP Economics and Trade BranchDivision of Technology, Industry and EconomicsUnited Nations Environment Programme15, rue de Milan F-75441 Paris CEDEX 09 FranceTelephone: +33 1 44 37 42 75,Telefax: +33 1 44 37 14 74email: [email protected]: http:/ / www.unep.ch/ etb/http:/ / www.unep.org/ greeneconomy/
2World Bank. 2006. Where is the Wealth ofNations? Measuring Capital for the 21st Century,The World Bank: Washington, D.C.
Forests represent critical assets toeconomic activi ty and li veli hood in Afr icaAfrican forests account for 23 per cent of thecontinents total land area - close to 675million hectares - and represent about 17 percent of global forest area. Forests provide abasis for livelihoods to people, serve as carbonsinks and stabilize global climate, regulatewater cycles and provide habitats forbiodiversity while hosting a wide variety ofgenetic resources. These various ecosystemfunctions and services make African forests a
vital asset to society and to the national,regional and global economy.
3UNEP (2011): Toward a Green Economy Pathways to Sustainable Development andPoverty Eradication. Available at:http:/ / www.unep.org/ greeneconomy/
4FAO. 2010. Global forest resources assessment,2010 Main report. FAO Forestry Paper 163.Rome, Italy.
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5Vedeld, P., Angelsen, A. Sjaastad, E., andKobugabe Berg, G. (2004) . Counting on theenvironment forest incomes and the rural poor.Environmental Economics Series, Paper No. 98,World Bank Environment Department, WorldBank, Washington, D.C.
6FAO. 2010. Op Cit.7Gumbo, D. 2010. Regional review of SFM andpolicy approaches to promote it Sub-SaharanAfrica. Background Paper for the Forests chapter,Green Economy Report.8Nasi, R., Brown, D., Wilkie, D., Bennett, E., Tutin,C., van Tol, G., and Christophersen, T. (2008).Conservat ion and use of wildlife-based resources:the bushmeat crisis. Secretariat of the Conventionon Biological Diversit y, Montreal, and Center forInternat ional Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor,Indonesia.
African forests can and should be animportant driver towards a greeneconomyForests can be a critical driver in a transitionto a green economy when the myriad ofeconomic, social and environmental benefitsthey can deliver are realized. While still at aslow pace, there is growing recognitionamong policy makers and local communitiesof the need to maintain, sustainably use andinvest in forests in order to prevent the loss offorest-based biodiversity and ecosystemgoods and services that support the livelihoodof populations and to enhance their potentialto reduce carbon emissions .
9FAO. 2010. Op. Cit.
10UNEP. 2011. Forests in a Green Economy: ASynthesis. Available at: http:/ / www.unep.
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11 FAO 2010. Op. Cit.12World Travel and Tourism Council. 2009. Traveland Tourism Economic Impact, sub-SaharanAfrica.13Gumbo, D. 2010. Regional review of SFM andpolicy approaches to promote it Sub-SaharanAfrica. Background Paper for the Forests chapter,Green Economy Report.14Tomasell i, I. 2006. Brief study on funding andfinance for forestry and forest-based sector, UnitedNations Forum on Forests.
New policies and initiatives are needed tosustain and enhance the contribution offorests in Afr icaTo enhance the contribution of forests tosociety and economies of Africa governments,
the international community and other actorsneed to scale up initiatives and reformpolicies in order to create incentives tomaintain and invest in forests and to modifyrent-seeking behavior.
15Nellemann, C., E. Corcoran (eds). 2010. DeadPlanet, Living Planet Biodiversity and EcosystemRestoration for Sustainable Development. A RapidResponse Assessment. United NationsEnvironment Programme, GRID-Arendal.
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ANNOUNCEMENTS
THEME: FORESTS AND TREES SERVING
THE PEOPLE OF AFRICA AND THE WORLDOBJECTIVES AND CONGRESS THEMES
Congr ess Themes:
REGISTRATION
FINANCIAL SUPPORT
SUBMISSION OF ABSTRACTS
DEADLINES:
PRE-CONGRESS TRAINING
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Special Featur e
The fisheri es of Lake Victor ia: Past,
present and futur e
Brian E. Marshall1Oliva C. Mkumbo2
Lates niloticus
Brian E. Marshall: Lake Victoria FisheriesOrganization, Plot No. 78/ 7E, Busoga Road
Belle Avenue, P.O. Box 1625. Jinja 256, UgandaTelephone: (+256) 43125000. Fax: (+256)
434123123. Email : [email protected]: [email protected] site: htt p:/ / www.lvfo.org/ index.php,
Oliva C. Mkumbo: Lake Victoria FisheriesOrganization, Plot No. 78/ 7E, Busoga RoadBelle Avenue, P.O. Box 1625. Jinja 256, UgandaTelephone: (+256) 43125000. Fax: (+256)
434123123. Email:[email protected]: [email protected] site:http:/ / www.lvfo.org/ index.php, ,
Early history of the fisher ies Oreochromis esculentus O. variabilis.However,
Oreochromis niloticus
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The impact of Nil e perch
Rastrineobola argentea
Table 1. The propor ti on (%) of major f ish taxa captured in tr awls (1969-71)
and different t ypes of gear (1988-93) in Lake Victori a - Lates niloticus Oreochromis niloticus Rastrineobola argentea
Data from Kudhongania & Cordone (1974) and Ogutu-Ohwayo (1995). The symbol + denotes aproport ion of
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et al
et al
a et al
et al
The present state of the Lake Victoriafisheries
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Table 2. The average annual f ish catch (thousands of t onnes) fr om Lake Victoria, 2005-08
Data from Lake Victoria Fisheries Organisation catch assessment survey reports.
et al writes as if thisintroduction were a great success from thestandpoint of fishermen. This is simply wrong.It was very successful from the standpoint of afew wealthy corporations. Most of thefishermen who had subsisted on the lakebefore the introduction of the perch weredriven out of business, with terrible social
consequences
Table 3. Employment in the fisher ies sector around Lake Victori a, pre- and post-Nil e perch
c c
Data for 1978 and 1989 are adapted from Reynolds et al. (1995) while 2008estimates are taken from reports of the Lake Victoria Fisheries Organisation.aReynolds et al. used secondary: primary ratios of two and three in 1978 and 1989but noted that this was a conservative estimate and we have used an estimate ofthree here.bReynolds et al. suggested that each employee supported two dependents but thisseems improbably low and we have used four here. The number of dependants maybe higher than this.
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What of the future: are the fisheriessustainable?
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References
EastAfrican Agricultural and ForestryJournal26
BiologicalConservation33
Transactions of the Royal Society ofSouth Africa55
Animal Biology 58
African Journal of Tropical Hydrobiologyand Fisheries3
The Impact ofSpecies Change in Afr ican Lakes
The Impact of
Species Change in African Lakes
BioScience 55
International Review ofHydrobiology95
Hydrobiologia636
Atlas of our ChangingEnvironment
Proceedings ofthe Royal Society, London 269
Fish and Fisheries10
Neochetina AquaticBotany87
A Guide toWorld Resources: People and Ecosystems,the Fraying Web of Life
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Opinion Piece
Greening the Afr ican forest economy -
Can Afr icas lean earnings fr om forestproducts export s pay for i t?
1 The author ([email protected]) is aretired FAO staff; he is a forester by training butwith a career that also spanned generalagricultural and food secuity policy engagements.2There will be cries that I have ignores non-timberforest products (NTFPs) and services (such astourism) but NTFPs rarely generate incomes ofgreat macro-economic significance; for tourism,the attribution of income due to forest habitat isnot easy to tease out.
Going Green Has a Cost
unchartedwaters,
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Afri cas Forest Economy in Worl dContext
Do Timber Expor ts Earn Enough?
1 All data used are from the 2009 version of t heFAO Forest Products Yearbook, available underFAOSTAT on the internet.
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Table 1: Possibl e Increases in Earnings from Divert ing Logs Cur rently Exported Raw t o Domesti cProcessing i n Afr ica
Total IR Saw/veneer (SV)
logs
% (SV) logs
Increment - over
baseline 0 0 0
Increment - over
baseline
- - 6061
Increment - over
baseline
- - 6453
Increment - over
baseline
- - 14135
1 The reduction of SW and PN import s is not factored in; i t might lead to double counting of benefits.
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Afr icas Chall enging Earnings Situation
With Africa
spending far more than it earns from
forestry, the chances of auto-funding
the routine sector development are
pretty poor, let alone investing
further for sector greening
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The Apparent Major Positive Impact ofProcessing Logs in Afr ica
So What Next?
1 Africa ratios of SV logs are depressed by therelat ively major harvests of pulpwood in SouthAfrica and Swaziland.
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National forest pr ogrammes:Tools for t he green economy in Afr ica
Franois Wencelius1
This paper presents a brief reminder aboutnational forest programmes (nfps) and a brieflook at what the forest sector can contribute
to the green economy. It argues that nfps canbe important tools for the greening of theforestry sector in Afr ica.Key Features of National ForestProgrammes
National sovereignty and countryleadership
1 Franois Wenclius, Senior Forest Policy Adviser,Les Coustires 84160 Lourmarin, FranceEmail: [email protected]
Consistency within and integrationbeyond the forestr y sector.
Participation and partnership
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The Green Economy and the Forestry
Sector
Nfps for the Greening of the ForestrySector
Issues to focus on
Analysis of the forestry sector.
Policy formulation.
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Implementation.
Monitoring and evaluation.
Improvements in Running nfps
Governance, intersectoral cooperation,and leadership.
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Stakeholder part icipati on.
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Articles
The for est sector in the context of
green economy in Afr ica
Rao Matta1
1 Forestry Officer Forestry Department (FO) ForestEconomics andPolicy Division (FOE) Forest Policy Service (FOEP).FAO Headquarters, Rome.Email:[email protected] Extension553462Based on the belief that our biosphere is a closed
system with finite resources and a certaincapacity for self-regulation and self-renewal.The economic system therefore must respect theintegrity of ecosystems and ensures theirresilience.
Effective management of ecologicalassets
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Forest sector in the context of greeneconomy
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Realizing the full potential value offorests and woodlands
1 E.g., cyclic, solar, and safe. Cyclic: Different from
a linear process of resource extraction,manufacture, consumption and disposal to asystem where resource remains in perpetual use.
The way forward
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Bioenergy, REDD+ and the GreenEconomy in Afr ica
Monika Bertzky1, Val Kapos2, Punjanit
Leagnavar3and Martina Otto4
1 Monika Bertzky,Email: [email protected]
2Val Kapos,Email: [email protected]
3Punjanit Leagnavar, Policy Consultant,Energy Branch Division of Technology, Industryand Economics United Nations EnvironmentProgramme 15, rue de MilanF-75441 Paris CEDEX 09 FranceTelephone: +33 1 44 37 14 50
Telefax: +33 1 44 37 14 74Email: [email protected]
4Martina Otto. Head, Policy Unit - Energy BranchDivision of Technology, Industry and EconomicsCoordinator Bioenergy United NationsEnvironment Programme (UNEP).15, rue de Milan 75441 Paris CEDEX 09 France.Telephone: +33 1 44 37 14 50Telefax: +33 1 44 37 14 74Email: [email protected]
Bioenergy and REDD+ in Afr ica
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Dynamics: Bioenergy and REDD+
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REDD+ and bioenergy in a GreenEconomy
et al.
Conclusion
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Reference
Environment and Development Economics
Biofuels andIndirect Land Use Change: A Case forMitigation.
. Green Economy: A Brief ForPolicymakers on the Green Economy andMillennium Development Goals.
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Afr icas for ests and climate change what to do?
Mafa E. Chipeta1
secure funding for a greener forestryeconomy
1Mafa E. Chipetais a retired FAO staff; he is aforester by training but with a career that alsospanned general agricultural and food secuitypolicy engagements.Email: [email protected]
The permanence of cl imate change
We panic notbecause the climate is changing but becausewe are here to see it and to face its effects.Unlike earl ier climate reversals into cold orhot eras, the current global warming ishappening when the world is no longerunder-populated but instead is crowded
M
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with people whose comfort zone as theyknow it is threatened
Climate change and Africas forestry andagriculture
Obviously, with such lowproductivity of cereals, we in Africa aredeforesting our land at 3 to 5 times the ratewe should be causing if our agriculturalproductivity were raised.
It is worth stressing that weare talking of the near future (i.e. thecoming years and decades); in millions ofyears time, it is a matter of indifferencewhether Africa will have become the topagricultural performer that will not saveits forests from threats that are occurringnow and can be worsened by the currentcycle of global warming.
For us in Africa,climate change forestry has far too oftencome to replace rather than to supplementmainstream SFM of the whole resource
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our countr ies must pr iorit ise raisingagricultural productivity in order toarrestfurther clearing, denudation andother reduction of forests, woodlands andother tree cover
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Box 1: Under the Current Global Warming: Africa Will Be Hit Hard
Under the current cycle of temperature change, global mean surface temperature is projected to rise in a range from
1.8C to 4.0C by 2100. Modelling continues on expected changes and impacts, of which a pioneering effort was underthe FAO/IIASA Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZ) methodology. Examples of some indicative results (all being in the futuretense, being projections) of this and other modelling efforts are given below:
A. On balance:o FAO reports that climate-change impacts are not location-neutral; for example, between 2000 and 2004, around 262
million people were affected by climate-related disasters but of these, 98 percent lived in developing countries.o It appears climate change will favour altitudes where the industrialised countries that currently dominate agricultural
surpluses. Developed countries will largely benefit since cereal productivity is projected to rise in Canada, northernEurope and parts of Russia. In contrast, many of todays poorest developing countries are likely to be negativelyaffected - most severely affected will be sub-Saharan Africa due to its inability to adequately adapt throughnecessary resources or through greater food imports.
o The unequal current patterns will be worsened (most hunger in the developing tropics but most food surpluses inthe developed temperates) access to food will, even more than now, depend on capacity to purchase, not to
produce.o If the developing countries remain dominated (especially in Africa) by low-input/low output farming, the future for
forests and other natural vegetation will be bleak: new land clearing could accelerate even more and destroybiological resources and economically productive vegetation too.
B. Positive:o Global agricultural potential is likely to increase with increases in global average temperature up to about 3C, but
above this is likely to decrease.o Some change may be positive for instance reduced plant water use and CO 2 fertilisation" (CO2 is a limiting factor of
plant growth, increasing CO2 also increases plant yields).o At higher latitudes (i.e. far from the equator) cold climates would benefit from higher temperatures, and new
agricultural land may become available at high latitudes and high elevations there could be significant expansion ofsuitable land with production potential for cereals.
o Chinas (more temperate) rainfed cereal production potential of 360 million tons could increase by 15%.C. Negative:o At lower latitudes (i.e. closer to the equator), especially the seasonally dry tropics, crop yield potential is likely to
decrease for even small global temperature increases, which could increase risk of hunger; there are likely to also bemore frequent droughts and floods.
o About 11% decrease in cultivable rainfed land, with consequent decline in cereal production. Sixty-five developingcountries, representing more than half the developing worlds total population in 1995, will lose about 280 million tonsof potential cereal production valued at US$ 56 billion, equivalent to some 16% of the agricultural gross domesticproduct of these countries in 1995 (if price averages US$ 200 per ton).
o Increase in arid and moisture-stressed lands: in Africa the 1.1 bill ion hectares of land with growing period of less than120 days could, by 2080, expand by about 50 - 90 million hectares - this reduction in the area suitable for agricultureand in length of growing seasons and yield potential, will increase risk of hunger.
o It has been estimated that the aggregate negative impact of climate change on African agricultural output up to the2080-2100 period could be between 15 and 30 percent.
o Sub-Saharan Africas share in the global number of hungry people could rise from 24 percent to between 40 and 50percent, depending on model scenarios. The dependence of developing countries on food imports will increase.
o India (being largely tropical) could lose 125 million tons, equivalent to 18% of its rainfed cereal productiono By 2050 the worlds population will be 34 percent higher than today, with nearly all the increase being in developing
countries. To meet the necessary increase in food production, the use of fertilisers, energy, and greenhouse gasemissions especially of livestock (meat supply) will be considerable.
o If there is diversion of considerable grain to biofuels, there could also be considerable risk to food security.
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An oppor tuni ty for foresters to grasp?
Never let a crisis go to waste
1 Other regions continue to use these fossil fuels tomuch greater degrees than Afr ica; there is aworr ying tendency for Afr ican countr ies to beeasily pressured away from using t heir coal forpower while being encouraged to export it so thatothers can then use it in no less polluting waysthan if it had been burned in Afri ca in the firstplace.
The global danger level is infact negligible Africa has only about
2% of global power generation and soeven if this is multiplied five-fold, thenet global impact wil l be minor
o
o
2With biofuels as next least costly supplements;renewable solar and wind technologies will forlong be so much more expensive in Afr ica aselsewhere, while nuclear is technologically toomuch of a challenge in the region.
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o
Selected reading
Climate change 2000: synthesis report, Global climate change and agriculturalproduction: direct and indirect effects ofchanging hydrological, pedological andplant physiological processes.World Agriculture towards 2015/ 2030:An FAO perspective.Impact of Climate Change, Pests andDiseases on Food Security and PovertyReduction at 31st Climate Change 2007: Climate ChangeImpacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability.Summary for Policy Makers (Final draft)
How to Feed the World in 2050
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Agriculture and Environment Challengesof the Twenty-First Century: A StrategicApproach for FAO
Welcoming Remarks by Mrs SebuengChipeta.
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Timber l egalit y defini ti on: Doesconsistency matter for EU FLEGT
par tner countr ies?
Richard Gyimah1
SummaryDemand side timber procurement policiessuch as the EU FLEGT Action Plan couldimpact positively on timber-producingAfrican countries efforts in attaining a green
economy through Voluntary PartnershipAgreement (VPA). Although VPAs have thepotential of ensuring responsible purchasing,there is a need for setting consistentminimum requirements for legal timber.Agreement on such standards could helpcontribute effectively to sustainable forestmanagement in VPA partner countries usingVPA as a trade instrument. The concept forlegal timber definition in VPAs is good andrespect sovereignty issues; however this paperargues that it has a downside of not clearly
setting consistency in the minimumrequirements for legal timber.Introduction
1 Verif ication and Field Audit Manager, ForestryCommission of Ghana. Timber ValidationDepar tment. P.O. Box MB 434, Accra, Ghana.Telephone: (+233) 289115493Mobile: (+233) 246420261 Email: r [email protected];[email protected]
2A plan that was approved by the European UnionCouncil in October 2003 and which aims atsupporting timber producing countries; favouringthe purchase of legally harvested timber; andpromoting sound timber products procurementpolicies and support for private ini tiat ives.3A bilateral trade agreement based on EU FLEGTaction plans that govern trade in legal timberproducts between the EU and producer country.
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consistency as regards common,minimum requirements
Legality Standard Development throughthe EU FLEGT Ini ti ative
Comparati ve Analysis of Ti mber Legalit yElements in Selected VPA PartnerCountries
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Table1: Legali ty Pr inciple / Subject Area used per Voluntary Par tnership Agreement
(VPA) Partner Countr y
:
:
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Observations from some VPA PartnerCountr ies on Legal Timber Defini ti on
Potential Benefits of Adopting ConsistentMinimum Timber Legality Defini ti on
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Recommended Guiding Policy Notes onTimber Legali ty Standards
ReferencesFLEGT Br iefing Notes Series. 2007. Indonesia Forestry Production
Developments Regulation. 2009. P.6/ VI-Set/ 2009 VERIFOR and FAO. 2009.
Volunt ary Partnership Agreement (VPA).2008. VPA Briefing Note. 2010. VPA Briefing Note. 2010.
VPA Briefing Note. 2011.
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Sustainable Forest Managementbased on State Practice in Central
Africa Countries
Samuel Assembe-Mvondo,1 Richard EbaaAtyi,2 Guillaume Lescuyer3 and Andrew
Wardell4
Summary
This piece of writing briefly reviews theinterpretation of the concept of sustainableforest management (SFM) deduced from statepractice in some Central Afr ica countr ies. Thisassessment of SFM practices draws upon theearlier and highly variable definitions ofsustainable development. It demonstratesthat some progress has been made in terms ofthe more nuanced meanings of SFM nowadopted by States in Central Africa. Thisreflects the fact that it is difficult to find agood balance between the three functions
(economic, social and environmental) whichstructure the concept of SFM. Congo Basincountries seek to translate SFM byinstitutionalizing and implementing forestconcessions, protected areas and communityforestry. However, these efforts have beenhindered by some governance shortcomings.Background
1 Samuel Assembe-Mvondo, PhD, Research Fellow,Forests & Governance, CIFOR Centr al Afr icaRegional Office; P.O. Box: 2008, Yaound-Cameroon; email:[email protected] Ebaa Atyi, PhD, Regional Coordinator,CIFOR Central Africa Regional Office;3Guillaume Lescuyer, CIRAD & CIFOR CentralAfrica Regional Office.4Andrew Wardell, PhD, Director of Forests &Governance, CIFOR, Bogor , Indonesia;
inter alia al.
al
al.
I
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Sustainable Forest Management in
Central Afri ca
al.
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al
al
al
Concluding remarks
al
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References Grer
autrement les conflits forestiers auCameroun Indigenous and Local Communities andProtected Areas: Towards Equity andPractices for Co-managed Protected Areasand Community Conserved Areas The Forests of Congo Basin:
State of the Forest 2006 International Forestry Review
InternationalForestry Review In
The Politics of the Earth
In ..
World Development Blueprint for a Green Economy Sustainable Development inInternational Law: An Analysis of Key
Environ-Economic Instruments The ForestCertification Handbook World Development
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Community forestr y and thechallenge of al igning wi th Cameroons
green economy
Antoine Eyebe1*, Dominique Endamana2, JeffSayer3, Manuel Ruiz Perez4, Agni Klintuni
Boedhihartono3, Gretchen Walters2, KennethAngu Angu1 and Louis Ngono5
1 Corresponding author. Email:[email protected]; [email protected]/ Centr al African Regional Programme forthe Environment. B.P. 5506, Yaound, Cameroon.2Regional Forest Programme. International Unionfor the Conservation of Nature, Central and West
African Programme, B. P. 5506, Yaound,Cameroun Email :[email protected];[email protected] of Earth and Environmental Sciences,James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4870,Australia Email: [email protected];[email protected] Autonoma de Madrid-Spain Dpto.Ecologia, Email : [email protected] Wide fund for Nature- Jengi-Lobl/ TNSBP 134 Yokadouma, Cameroon Email :[email protected]
et al.,
A. Cont r ibut ion of community forestto the green economy
et al
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et al
et al
(Figure 1).
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B. Cur rent and futur e chall enges ofcommunit y forestr y
et al.
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et al
coup dtat
Conclusion
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References http:/ / www.wrm.org.uy/ countr ies/ Cameroon/ Bigombe.html
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Diversity, distr ibut ion and uti li zati onof urban trees in Ibadan metropolis,
southwest Niger ia
Israel Borokini1
SummaryIn a study conducted to assess the diversityand distribution of trees in Ibadan, and their
significance in their respective locations, 62tree species were identified. The identifieduses of the trees include their use as shade,windbreakers, edible fruits, fuelwood,ornamentals/ landscaping, medicinal andfetish among others. The high tree diversityand population were attributed to the treeslocated in solitary and cluster forms indifferent locations within the metropolis, andas a result, Ibadan can be considered a greencity. Owing to the benefits derived from thetrees, majority of the respondents wants the
tree to remain, suggesting peoples positiveresponse towards urban forestry. The paperconcludes with advocating for planting ofindigenous trees rather than exotics.Introduction
Scientific Officer, National Centre for GeneticResources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB),Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria Email:[email protected],Telephone: +2348054506902
Eba Odan
U
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Idi-Ose Ose Adansonia digitata Idi-AyunreAyunre AlbiziaodoratissimaIdi-OroOroIrvingia gabonensis Idi-Osan Osan Citrus Idi-mangoromangoro Mangifera indicaIdi-IshinIshin Blighia sapida
Idi-Araba Araba Ceiba petandra Idi-iroko Iroko Melicia excelsa
Mater ials and Methods
Results
Discussions
Igbo Agala
et al. Milicia excelsa
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Anacardium occidentale, Cocos nucifera,Mangifera indica, Citrus
Spondias mombin
Mangiferaindica, Morinda lucida Azadirachtaindica Meliciaexcelsa Newbouldia laevis
Moringa oleifera
Miliciaexcelsa
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et al.
Moringa oleifera
et al.
References Journal ofBiodiversity and Ecological Sciences
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Journal of
Arboriculture
Journal of EnvironmentalManagement
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Table 1: List of pr ominent t rees wi thi n Ibadan Metr opolis
S/ N Biol ogical name Family Local and common names Uses
Albizia odoratissima
Antiaris africana
Azadirachta indica
Cassia fistul a
Ceiba petandra
Cocos nucifera
Elaeis guineensis
Gliri cidia sepium
Gmelina arborea
Leucaena leucocephala
Mangifera i ndica
Mil icia excelsa
Morinda lucida
Newbouldia laevis
Oxytenanthera abyssinica
Peltophorum pterocarpum
Samanea saman
Spondias mombin
Tabebuia rosea
Tectona grandis
Terminalia catappa
Local names were given in Yoruba language, whi ch is the language spoken by Ibadan people.
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Impor tance of savanna woodlands inrural li veli hoods and wildl ifeconservation in southeastern
Zimbabwe
Edson Gandiwa1
SummaryIncreasing human population, economicchallenges, climate change impacts areintensifying reliance by local communities onsavanna woodlands in tropical regions.Knowledge of the importance and value ofsavanna woodland ecosystems to rurallivelihoods and wildlife conservation istherefore needed to enhance lasting benefitsfrom them. Savanna woodlands are ofeconomic, social and ecological importance insoutheastern Zimbabwe. Recommendations
for conserving woodland resources includethe strengthening of control systems andenhancing community based natural resourcemanagement programmes.Introduction
Edson Gandiwa, Wildlife Ecologist, Scientific
Services, Gonarezhou National Park, Parks andWildli fe Management Authorit y, Private Bag 7003,Chiredzi, ZimbabwePhone: +263 773 490 202;Email: [email protected]
et al.
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Typical ecosystems in southeasternZimbabwe
Colophospermum mopane
et al
e.g.
20 0 20 40 Kilometers
ward boundary
communal land
Gonarezhou National Park
Malipati Safari Area
Chitsa SettlementMalilangwe Conservation Trust
International boundary
Major rivers
Figure 1: LeftLocat ion of t he Gonarezhou National Park and sur rounding ar eas, source: Gandiwa& Zisadza (2010). RightVegetation map of the Gonarezhou National Park, southeasternZimbabwe, source: Sherr y (1977)
Importance of woodland resources insoutheastern Zimbabwe
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Natural resources management inZimbabwe
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Acknowledgements
References
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Urban and per i-ur ban forestr y inKigali , Rwanda
Eunice Njoroge1 and Muhayimana Janviere2
Summary
Urban and peri-urban forestry are importantelements in Kigali City for economic,ecological and social values. To meetresidents demands, suitable tree species areplanted. Although the management of trees isthe mandate of department in charge offorestry and terrestrial ecosystemsmanagement, under the Ministry of NaturalResources, other stakeholders are involved. Inaddition, legal instrument exists to guide theplanning, planting and management of treesand other vegetation in urban areas.
However, pressure to convert green spaces toinfrastructure exist. Though trees arebeneficial for urban residents, they can alsobe dangerous and harmful if they are not welllocated or managed. Therefore, it is essentialto provide technical guidelines for properplanning of urban forests in Kigali City andother peri urban areas for Rwanda.
Introduction
Eunice Njoroge, Ministry of Natural Resources,P.O.BOX 3502, Kigali RwandaEmail: [email protected]
Muhayimana Janviere, Rwanda NaturalResources Author ity, P.O. Box 7518, KigaliRwanda.Email:[email protected]
Urban and Peri-urban ForestDevelopment in Rwanda
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Key players in Urban and Peri-urbanForestry
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Legal Issues in Urban Forestr y
Conclusions
References
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Liber ia forest reformand benefit sharing
J. D. Waugh1
SummaryThe West African state of Liberia has
emerged from a long period of civil strife as avibrant, if fragile, democracy. Liberia hasembarked on a process of decentralizationand empowerment of rural communities. Animportant component of this process is thereform of the forestry sector.
1 John Waugh, Semaphore Inc ConservationStrategies and PlanningPO Box 646, Upperville VA 20185 USA. Tel.:(Google Voice)Email: waugh2k@gmail .com ; Skype: waugh2k
Benefit Shari ng Arrangements
2An Act Adopting the National Forestry ReformLaw of 2006; Communit y Rights Law wit h Respectto Forest Lands3FDA regulat ion 111-10 details the organizationand governance of the NBST
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Chall enges to Benefi t Sharing
1 Economic gain through manipulation of rulesrather than through adding value
Benefi t Shar ing and the Green Economy
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Conclusion and Recommendat ion
References High-value naturalresources and post-conflict peacebuilding,
Sustainability,Science, Practice and Policy
Beyond plunder: Towardsdemocratic governance in Liberia Assessment andrecommendation for a national benefitsharing trust fund
Implementing the NationalBenefit Sharing Trust Fund and socialagreements: Issues and options for buildingcapacity Strengthening Post-Conflict Peacebuilding
through Natural Resource Management,Volume 6: Governance, Natural Resources,and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding.
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Ten years of managing Kenyan topbar hives in south-western Niger ia
Lateef Akinwumi FOLORUNSO1
SummaryBeekeeping (apiculture) is the
maintenance of honey bee colonies,commonly in hives, by humans. Abeekeeper (apiarist) keeps bees in orderto collect honey and other products of thehive (including beeswax, propolis, pollen,and royal jelly), to pollinate crops, or toproduce bees for sale to other beekeepers.A location where bees are kept is calledan apiary or bee yard. This submissionthus presents an experience on workingwith the Kenyan Top Bar Hive, factors to
consider before site selection, safety tipsin apiary management and how to test forgood quality honey.
Introduction
1 Department of Wildli fe and FisheriesManagement, University of Ibadan, NigeriaEmail: [email protected] ;GSM:+2348037185335
Lessons Learnt
Cordiamilenii
Cordiamilenii
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Elaeis guineensis
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Acknowledgements
Bibliography
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A review of barr iers to wealthcreation and benefi t shar ing
fr om forest basedgreen economy in Zambia
Vincent R. Nyirenda1, Wilbroad Chansa2and Vincent Ziba3
SummaryExpert knowledge and literature review wereused to identify barriers to effectiveparticipation of rural communities, privatesector and other stakeholders in managementof wood and non-wood forest products inZambia. Traditional and non-traditionalforests occupy approximately 60% ofZambias landmass, which has massivepotential for economic contribution to bothrural and urban communities. Key challenges
and opportunities in wealth creation andbenefit sharing from forest products arediscussed. The conclusion is that enhancingwealth creation and benefit sharing among1 Vincent R. Nyirenda, Executi ve & TechnicalAssistant, Office of the Dir ector General,Zambia Wildl ife Authori ty, Private Bag 1,Chilanga, Zambia. Tel: +260 211 278 683,Cell: +260 977352 035, Fax: +260 211 278 524Email:[email protected]:[email protected]
2Wilbroad C. Chansa, Director of Research,Planning, Information and Veterinary Services,Zambia Wildl ife Authori ty, Private Bag 1,Chilanga, Zambia. Telfax: +260 211 278 365, Cell:+260 975 062 301 Email:[email protected]
3Vincent Ziba, National Coordinator ZambiaCBNRM Forum C/ o WWF Zambia Country officeP.O Box 50511 Lusaka, Zambia. Tel: +260 211250404, Cell: +260 977210382,Email:[email protected]
the rural communities and its key partnersdepend on legal framework reforms, systemsdevelopment, stakeholder formal andinformal relationships and connectedness.
Introduction
et al.
et al. et al. et al. et al.
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Key barr iers
et al.
xpertknowledge and literature review Failure to legit imize forest benefit s
Forest resource ownership
Inappropriate approaches and synergies
to enticing rural communityparti cipation in benefit generation
et al.,
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Reliance on r ights based claims
et al.,
Opportunities
et al. ibid.
Recommendations
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Conclusion
References Nature, wealth andpower: emerging best practice for revitalisingrural Africa
Psychological Bulletin Miombo woodlands: opportunitiesand barriers to sustainable forestmanagement.Lessonsfrom Luangwa: the story of the LuangwaIntegrated Resource Development Project,Zambia.
Ecological Applications
Assessing the potential forproduction, commercialization andmarketing of NWFPs by rural producers inZambia to improve their livelihoods Nature & Faune
Agriculture Systems
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Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa.
Three approaches to resolving
disputes: interests, rights and power. Ingetting disputes resolved. Designing systemsto cut the costs of conflict.
Ivey Business Journal
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Developing rur al communiti es byprotecti ng tr opical forests:
Contr ibut ion of communi ty basedforest management in
Cross-River State, Niger ia
Fola Babalola1 and Abi Ene2
SummaryWanton destruction of forests and itsresources necessitated the introduction ofCommunity Based Forest Management intoCross River State, Nigeria with the primaryfocus of guaranteeing the conservation andprotection of the remaining tropical rainforest of the State. The Cross River StateCommunity Forestry Project (CRSCFP) wasdesigned to incorporate local knowledge intothe projects decision making processes with
the aim that sustainable economic benefitsfrom the natural resource base were securedfor the rural communities. Consequent to thepart icipation of the communit ies in managingforests adjoining to their communities, theywere paid royalties by the state government,which was used to fund various ruraldevelopmental projects. Having benefitedfrom the proceeds of CBFM, the localcommunit ies see forests as their herit age thatcan further benefit from protection andmanagement strategies.
Fola Babalola PhD (Forest Economics), Lecturerand Researcher, Department of Forest ResourcesManagement, University of Il orin, Nigeria. Email :[email protected]: +234-8025487802Researcher, Federal College of Forestry(Jica), Afaka, Kaduna State, Nigeria.Email:[email protected];Telephone: +234-8131397760
et al.
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Data collection
Resul ts and discussions Irvingea gabonensisElaeis guineensis Borassus
aethiopiumCola nitida
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Fig. 1: Map of the study area showing the study areas
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Table 1: Summary of contributions of CBFM to Community development projects inCross River State, Niger ia
Total 5,257,000 (35,047) 4,128,000 (27,520)
N
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CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES
From Conflict to Consensus: Towardsjoint management of natural resources bypastoralists and agro-pastoralists in the zoneof Kishi Beiga, Burkina Faso.
WhosManaging the Commons? Inclusivemanagement for a sustainable future
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Local Actors, Powersand Accountabili ty in AfricanDecentralizations: A Review of Issues.
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COUNTRY FOCUS:South Afr ica
South Afr icas forest sector andthe Green Economy
Mr Ronald N. Heath1 presents his country,South Africa. He reveals that the forest sector
of South Africa has preempted the drive to agreen economy through the implementationof forest certification, and is therefore well-placed to support a national green economystrategy and ensure best possible use of forestand forest products. Mr. Heath goes fur ther todeclare that economic stimulus efforts canonly provide short-term benefits to the forestsector and hence, the government of SouthAfrica is crafting a long-term vision needed toenable it enhance the shift towards a greeneconomy. Following is a short excerpt from
what he shared with Nature & Faune.
Ronald N. Heath, PhD. Department ofAgriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Directorate:Policy Research Support Forestry Science,Technology and Innovation [email protected]: +27 12 309 5753Mobile: +27 83 611 6946
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References Forest Policy and Economics
SouthAfrican Journal of Science97
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FAO Activi t ies
A rati onal approach to managing water ,
wetlands and forests towards a greenereconomy for Afr ica
SummaryA methodology under development isproposed for the sustainable exploitation ofwater, wetlands and forests in the context of awatershed and towards a greener economy inAfr ica. If adopted, it will assist in doing thingsbetter, through practical steps.
Africa depends a great deal on theexploitation of its natural resources, includingwater, wetlands and forests. The continent isfaced with population growth, an increasingpressure for economic development, andclimate change that all affect naturalresources. Carrying business as usual willexacerbate the destruction of the continentsecosystems and the loss of the goods andservices that they provide. A rationalapproach could reserve this trend andcontr ibute to a greener economy in Afr ica.
The approach that is presented in this paperis work in progress. It consists of two keysteps comprising (1) a classification ofwetland and forest resources according totheir ecological value, (2) a technical guidefor the gradual exploitation of wetlands andforest resources focusing on maximizing thebenefi ts of a green economy.
1 Ruhiza Jean Boroto. Senior Water ResourcesManagement and Development Officer.FAO Regional Office for Africa.P O Box GP 1628 Accra, Ghana.Email: [email protected]
This methodology is first being developed forwetlands and inland valleys and will be testedon two pilot cases. This paper is part of an
early consultative process, comments andcontributions from readers are thereforewelcome.
Introduction
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A framework for the mainstreaming theconcept of the green economy in water,wetlands and forests exploi tati on
Classify all wetland and forest areas
according to their ecological value.
Implement a technical guideline
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Towards a sustainable exploi tati on plan
Monitor and evaluate
Table 1
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Table 1: Proposed framework for t he gradual exploit ati on of forest and wetland areas
Priority for exploitation Baseline
status:growingpressure
Increased
pressure:-(population/climate) in XX
years(Phase 1)
Increased pressure:
(population/ climate) inXXXX years(Phase 2)
Note: As stated in the guideline above, the decision to exploit will be guided by an economic analysisconsidering expected economic benefit s against or/ and in addition to ecosystem goods and services,
including the intr insic value of forests and wetlands.
Conclusion: a way forward
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ReferencesAgroEcological Investments Management(May 2010).
Blumenfeld, S., Lu, C., Chr istophersen, T.and Coates, D. (2009).
Department of Water Affairs, SouthAfrica (1998).FAO (2008). http:/ / upload.wik imedia.org/ wik ipedia
http:/ / www.wor ldwater forum6.orgHuang, LilyNewsweek
Koohafkan, P. and Altieri, M.A. (2010 Pangani River Basin ManagementProject,http:/ / www.panganibasin.com/ project/ index.html
UNEP
Van Rooyen, A.F. (1998). Vittor et al.
Anopheles Darlingi American Journal ofTropical Medicine and HygieneWorld Water Assessment Programme.(2009).
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Links
Forests in a green economy: A synthesis For the whole review, visit :htt p:/ / www.unep.org/ greeneconomy/ ResearchProducts/ tabid/ 4605/ Default .aspxSource: www.unep.org > Green Economy >Research ProductsRedefining our economic systems: Coulda forest be wor th more than a gold mine? Speaker: Jason SohigianFor the link to the article and YouTube videovisit : http:/ / bit.ly/ sohigianSource: Jason Sohigian. Deputy Director,Armenia Tree Project, 65 Main StreetWatertown, MA 02472 USA. Tel: (617) 926-TREE x14. Email: [email protected]: www.armeniat ree.orgForests, Fragil it y and confli ct Overvi ewand case studies ( June 2011)Forests, Fragility and conflict
Authors/ Partners: Emily Harwell (leadconsultant), with Arthur Blundell and
Douglas FarahFor the review, visit:http:/ / www.profor.info/ profor/ knowledge/ forests-fragility-and-conflictHow effective are protected areas inconserving biodiversity? Forests Ecology &Management
Author: Terry Sunderland. Senior Scientist,Center for International Forestry ResearchFor the whole review, visit :
http:/ / www.cifor.org/ online-library/ polex-cifors-blog-for-and-by-forest-policy-expert s/ english/ detail/ article/ 1222/ how-effective-are-protected-areas-in-conserving-biodiversity.htmlSource: CIFOR's Forests Blog: blog.cifor.orgRio+20 - United Nations conference onsustainable development Rio
For further information, please visit:http:/ / www.uncsd2012.org/ rio20/Source: Rio+20 NewsletterAfrican elephants to benefit from new$100 mill ion fund
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For the whole art icle, visit: http:/ / www.ens-newswire.com/ens/ aug2011/ 2011-08-22-01.htmlSource: Environment News Service (ENS)
2011International encyclopedia of medicinalplants volume 1 to 18
Editor in chief:Vijay VermaFor fur ther information, please see:http:/ / www.thebooksplanet.in/ collections/ frontpage/ products/ international-encyclopaedia-of-medicinal-plants-volume-1-to-18Source: The Books Planet[[email protected]]
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Theme and Deadline forNext Issue
Nature &Faune The Forest-Agricultureinterface: a zone for enhancedproductivity?
forest-agricultureinterface
Nature & Faune
Nature & Faune
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'Guidelines for Authors'
Email: natur [email protected] [email protected] g
Deadline for submission of manuscr ipt (s) and other contr ibuti ons is 30th Apri l 2012
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Guideline for authors, Subscr iption and Correspondence
Contact Details:
Nature & Faune
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Enhancing natural resources management for food security in Africa
Volume 26, Issue 1
The forest sector in the green economy in Afr ica
[email protected]:/ / www.fao.org/ afr ica/ publi cati ons/ nature-and-faune-magazine/
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONSAccra, Ghana
2011
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BOARD OF REVIEWERS
Advisers: Atse Yapi , Chr istopher Nugent, Fernando Sali nas, Ren Czudek
FAO 2011
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ContentsMessage to Reader s
Maria Helena SemedoEditorial Moustapha Kamal Gueye
Announcements
Special Featur e
Brian Marshall and Olivia Mkumbo
Opinion Piece
Mafa Chipeta 14
Franois Wenclius Articles
Rao Matta 24Monika Bertzky, Val Kapos, Punjanit Leagnavar and Mart ina Otto
Mafa E. Chipeta
Richard Gyimah 39
Samuel Assembe-Mvondo, Richard Ebaa Atyi, Guillaume LescuyerandAndrew Wardell
Antoine Eyebe, Dominique Endamana, Jeffery Sayer, Manuel Ruiz Perez,Agni Boedhihartono, Walters Gretchen, Kenneth Angu Angu and Louis Ngono
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Isreal Borokini 54
Edson Gandiwa
Eunice Njoroge and Muhayimana Janviere
John Waugh
Lateef Akinwumi Folorunso
Vincent Nyirenda, Wilbroad Chansa and Vincent Ziba
Fola Babalola and Abi Ene 82
Country Focus: South Afr icaRonald Heath
FAO Acti vit ies
Ruhiza Jean Boroto Link
Theme and Deadli ne for Next Issue
Guideli nes for Authors, Subscr ipt ion and Correspondence
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Message to Readers
Maria Helena Semedo
Nature & Faune
The forest sectorin the green economy in Afri ca
1 Maria Helena Semedo, Assistant Director-General/ Regional Representative for Africa,Regional Office for Africa, United Nations Foodand Agriculture Organization, P. O. Box GP 1628Accra. Ghana. Tel: (233) 302 675000 ext. 2101/(233) 302 7010 930 ext. 2101; fax: 233 302 668 4272UNEP, 2011, Towar ds a Green Economy:Pathways to Sustainable Development andPoverty Eradication - A Synthesis for PolicyMakers, www.unep.org/ greeneconomy
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Editorial Forests in a green economy t ransi ti on
in Afri ca
Moustapha Kamal Gueye1
1 Acting Head, Green Economy Advisory Services
Unit UNEP Economics and Trade BranchDivision of Technology, Industry and EconomicsUnited Nations Environment Programme15, rue de Milan F-75441 Paris CEDEX 09 FranceTelephone: +33 1 44 37 42 75,Telefax: +33 1 44 37 14 74email: [email protected]: http:/ / www.unep.ch/ etb/http:/ / www.unep.org/ greeneconomy/
2World Bank. 2006. Where is the Wealth ofNations? Measuring Capital for the 21st Century,The World Bank: Washington, D.C.
Forests represent critical assets toeconomic activi ty and li veli hood in Afr icaAfrican forests account for 23 per cent of thecontinents total land area - close to 675million hectares - and represent about 17 percent of global forest area. Forests provide abasis for livelihoods to people, serve as carbonsinks and stabilize global climate, regulatewater cycles and provide habitats forbiodiversity while hosting a wide variety ofgenetic resources. These various ecosystemfunctions and services make African forests a
vital asset to society and to the national,regional and global economy.
3UNEP (2011): Toward a Green Economy Pathways to Sustainable Development andPoverty Eradication. Available at:http:/ / www.unep.org/ greeneconomy/
4FAO. 2010. Global forest resources assessment,2010 Main report. FAO Forestry Paper 163.Rome, Italy.
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5Vedeld, P., Angelsen, A. Sjaastad, E., andKobugabe Berg, G. (2004) . Counting on theenvironment forest incomes and the rural poor.Environmental Economics Series, Paper No. 98,World Bank Environment Department, WorldBank, Washington, D.C.
6FAO. 2010. Op Cit.7Gumbo, D. 2010. Regional review of SFM andpolicy approaches to promote it Sub-SaharanAfrica. Background Paper for the Forests chapter,Green Economy Report.8Nasi, R., Brown, D., Wilkie, D., Bennett, E., Tutin,C., van Tol, G., and Christophersen, T. (2008).Conservat ion and use of wildlife-based resources:the bushmeat crisis. Secretariat of the Conventionon Biological Diversit y, Montreal, and Center forInternat ional Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor,Indonesia.
African forests can and should be animportant driver towards a greeneconomyForests can be a critical driver in a transitionto a green economy when the myriad ofeconomic, social and environmental benefitsthey can deliver are realized. While still at aslow pace, there is growing recognitionamong policy makers and local communitiesof the need to maintain, sustainably use andinvest in forests in order to prevent the loss offorest-based biodiversity and ecosystemgoods and services that support the livelihoodof populations and to enhance their potentialto reduce carbon emissions .
9FAO. 2010. Op. Cit.
10UNEP. 2011. Forests in a Green Economy: ASynthesis. Available at: http:/ / www.unep.
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11 FAO 2010. Op. Cit.12World Travel and Tourism Council. 2009. Traveland Tourism Economic Impact, sub-SaharanAfrica.13Gumbo, D. 2010. Regional review of SFM andpolicy approaches to promote it Sub-SaharanAfrica. Background Paper for the Forests chapter,Green Economy Report.14Tomasell i, I. 2006. Brief study on funding andfinance for forestry and forest-based sector, UnitedNations Forum on Forests.
New policies and initiatives are needed tosustain and enhance the contribution offorests in Afr icaTo enhance the contribution of forests tosociety and economies of Africa governments,
the international community and other actorsneed to scale up initiatives and reformpolicies in order to create incentives tomaintain and invest in forests and to modifyrent-seeking behavior.
15Nellemann, C., E. Corcoran (eds). 2010. DeadPlanet, Living Planet Biodiversity and EcosystemRestoration for Sustainable Development. A RapidResponse Assessment. United NationsEnvironment Programme, GRID-Arendal.
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ANNOUNCEMENTS
THEME: FORESTS AND TREES SERVING
THE PEOPLE OF AFRICA AND THE WORLDOBJECTIVES AND CONGRESS THEMES
Congr ess Themes:
REGISTRATION
FINANCIAL SUPPORT
SUBMISSION OF ABSTRACTS
DEADLINES:
PRE-CONGRESS TRAINING
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Special Featur e
The fisheri es of Lake Victor ia: Past,
present and futur e
Brian E. Marshall1Oliva C. Mkumbo2
Lates niloticus
Brian E. Marshall: Lake Victoria FisheriesOrganization, Plot No. 78/ 7E, Busoga Road
Belle Avenue, P.O. Box 1625. Jinja 256, UgandaTelephone: (+256) 43125000. Fax: (+256)
434123123. Email : [email protected]: [email protected] site: htt p:/ / www.lvfo.org/ index.php,
Oliva C. Mkumbo: Lake Victoria FisheriesOrganization, Plot No. 78/ 7E, Busoga RoadBelle Avenue, P.O. Box 1625. Jinja 256, UgandaTelephone: (+256) 43125000. Fax: (+256)
434123123. Email:[email protected]: [email protected] site:http:/ / www.lvfo.org/ index.php, ,
Early history of the fisher ies Oreochromis esculentus O. variabilis.However,
Oreochromis niloticus
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The impact of Nil e perch
Rastrineobola argentea
Table 1. The propor ti on (%) of major f ish taxa captured in tr awls (1969-71)
and different t ypes of gear (1988-93) in Lake Victori a - Lates niloticus Oreochromis niloticus Rastrineobola argentea
Data from Kudhongania & Cordone (1974) and Ogutu-Ohwayo (1995). The symbol + denotes aproport ion of
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et al
et al
a et al
et al
The
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