NATION BRANDING
CONTEMPORARY STUDY FROM A GLOBAL BUSINESS PERSPECTIVE
Dr. Syed Ferhat AnwarProfessor
Institute of Business Administration, University of Dhaka
Toyota
Japanese automobile manufacturer
Toyota
Japanese automobile manufacturer
Aarong
Bangladeshi handicrafts manufacturer
Mercedes-Benz
German automobile manufacturer
1. What is a Nation Brand?
‘A nation’s “brand” generally refers to the common images, perceptions and associations people have with that nation. Therefore, “nation branding’ is an important tool used by countr ies to create, change or promote a dist inct self- image and international reputation that serves the nation’s interests in a positive and effective way.’
IN OTHER WORDS….
“A PROMISE that a nation makes.”
Does it DELIVER?
TWO KEY SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT
Simon Anholt
Wally Olins
CONVERGING ON….
“DEVELOPING A NATION’S IMAGE TO BE ABLE TO CREATE A PROMISE
Does it DELIVER?
2. Why is Nation Branding important?
COMPETITIVEADVANTAGE
BUSINESSES
GETTINGGLOBAL
Manufacturing is Globalized
Designed in the
USAMade in
VIETNAM
Air Zoom Sole made in
CHINA
Sold at over 700 stores in 6 continents
NIKE
SERVICES ARE GLOBALIZED
Philippines leads the offshore call center business globally with over 400,000 call center agentsA New Capital of Call Centers, New York Times, November 2012
Nations are constantly competing over
MANUFACTURING . OUTSOURCING . R & D . BANKING & FINANCE . EDUCATION . TOURISM . SPORT . CULTURE & HERITAGE . CUISINE . AGRICULTURE . NATURAL RESOURCES . CREATIVE INDUSTRIES .
In nations, global stakeholders assess:
• COST OF PRODUCTION• FINANCIAL INCENTIVES (TAX
BREAKS)• BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT• INVESTMENT CLIMATE• POLITICAL & ECONOMIC
STABILITY• EDUCATION & SKILLS OF
WORKFORCE
• COUNTRY REPUTATION• WEATHER
• ENTERTAINMENT FACILITIES• PEOPLE &
HOSPITALITY• CULTURE• TOURISM
• SOFT POWER
3. How isNation
Branding assessed?
i. ANHOLT-GFK NATION BRANDS INDEX
Anholt-GFK Nation Brands Index
NATION BRAND
Tourism
ExportsPeople
Culture & Heritage
Investment & Immigration
Governance
Nation Brand
Hexagon®
Anholt-GFK Nation Brand Index: Overall Brand Ranking (top 10 of 50 nations)
2013 NBI rank
Nation 2012 NBI rank
1 United States 12 Germany 2 3 United Kingdom 3 4 France 4 5 Canada 5 6 Japan 6 7 Italy 7 8 Switzerland 8 9 Australia 9
10 Sweden 10 --- --- ---20 Brazil 20 22 Russia 22
23 China 2331 India 27
ii. BrandFinance Nation Brand Impact TM Framework
METHODOLOGYNation Brand Impact TM Framework Segments:• Investment• Tourism• Product• Talent
+General Segment
Categorized as:
• Inputs – controllable factors
• Throughputs – internal & external reputation
• Outputs – measures of current performance
Each worth33%
Factors: quality of workforce . ability to attract foreign talent . perception of quality and life . projected GDP growth
Tools: government statistics . consensus forecasts . analyst projections . royalty rate to quantify brand value
BRAND STRENGTH INDEXRating range:AAA – very strongto DDD - failing
Most valuable nation brands according to BrandFinance1.
2. 4.
3.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Winners (% Brand Value increase) 2013
48% increase in Brand Value, US$ 304 Billion Brand Value
Hub for Islamic BankingGrowing demand for Palm oil
Firm National progress (GDP 2020 target to be reached in 2018)
46% increase in Brand Value,
US$ 45 Billion Brand Value
38% increase in Brand Value,
US$ 83 Billion Brand Value
iii. Bloom Consulting Country Brand Ranking©
Bloom Consulting
Bloom Consulting Country, Region, City (CRC) Brand Wheel
Country Brand Ranking Trade ( Investment) Edit ion 2013
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
70.
Ranking system for Tourism
Variables:
• Tourism Economic Performance: Tourism economic receipts + Tourism economic growth
• Online Search Demand (OSD) based on Brand Tags: Culture + Leisure + Nature + Sports + Niche markets • National Tourism Organization (NTO) effectiveness
• Website Analytics & Social Media
Country Brand Ranking Tourism Edit ion 2013
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
160.
iv. FutureBrand Country Brand Index
HIERARCHICAL DECISION MODELAWARENE
SSFAMILIA
RITY
ASSOCIATIONS
PREFERENCE
CONSIDERATION
Do key audiences know that the country exists? How top-of-mind is it?
How well do people know the country and its offerings?
What qualities come to mind when people think of the country? Association dimensions: Value System, Quality of Life, Good for Business, Heritage and Culture and Tourism.
How highly do audiences esteem the country? Does it resonate?
Is the country considered for a visit? What about for investment or to acquire or consume its products?
DECISION/VISITATION
To what extent do people follow through and visit the country or establish a commercial relation?
ADVOCACY
Do visitors recommend the country to family, friends and colleagues?
FutureBrand 2012-13 Top Country Brands
1.
110.
10.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
BANGLADESH STANDINGS AND TAKEAWAYSMETHOD
STANDING
TAKEAWAYS
ANHOLT-GFK NATION BRANDS INDEX
- -
BrandFinance Nation Brand ImpactTM Framework
Rating: A-Value: US$ 83 Billion
• Strengthen Domestic Brand and Value
• Emphasize investmentBloom Consulting
Country Brand Ranking©
Tourism: 160th
Trade: 70th
• Strengthen, Online Service Delivery, Internet Presence and Build strong online journalistic presenceFutureBrand
Country Brand Index
Rank: 110th • Overcome negative perception
• Develop investment and tourism
4. Phases of Nation Branding
i. Identi fy ing exist ing issues with the current brand
a. Capitalizing on core competencies
Education
R & D
AutomobilesFinancial institutes
Luxury items
Oil R&D
i. Identi fy ing exist ing issues with the current brand
b. Combatting negative image
MADE IN CHINA associated with poor quality
USSR disintegration in 1991; recession in the late 90s
Drug trafficking
Apartheid, poverty,corruption
NBI # 31
NBI # 25 NBI # 36
c. Combating dilute image
Overpopulated, corrupt, prone to natural disasters
Post split from Malaysia in 1965, suffered identity crisis
Had to distinguish itself from China
ii. Start ing the process of brand del ivery
• U.S. Government has long recognized the importance of public support for research universities.
• Oil Reserve discovered in 1969
• R&D and investment in petro-based industries
• Government formed a separate ICT ministry in 2011
• Also begun work on establishing two hi-tech parks in Gazipur and Jessore.
• Software and hardware industries working on ICT to be employed for these massive establishments.
a.Peopleb.Mediac. IRd.Military e.Ministriesf. Education & Service Sectorg.Investmenth.Private toolsi. Exportsj. Special Events
iii. The tools used for Brand Propagation
iii. The tools used for Brand Propagation
a. People
• Promoting nationalism among citizens
• In essence, a nation’s people, beliefs and history give rise to a Nation’s Brand identity (Core Values), which gives rise to a Nation’s Brand Effect (NBE), which in turn sustains and reinforces both—a literal full cycle of Brand building
Beliefs, History
Nation Brand Identity
Nation Brand Effect
iii. The tools used for Brand Propagation
b. Media
• Media, being the primary tool to join the audience with the message, is vital for brand perception.
• Both authorized and unauthorized media are relevant
• China routinely “controls” the news coverage to remove damaging news within the authorized sphere, while there is huge censorship on social media websites
• In Bangladesh & Pakistan, there is relative freedom of the press, but the coverage tends to be more negative, in both formal and informal media, particularly for Rana Plaza and the social media
• USA and Israel carefully control international coverage of interventions (CNN, BBC) to provide a positive outlook of activities to foster a sense of optimism.
iii. The tools used for Brand Propagation
c. International Relations• Germany and France within the EU
• USA within the NATO
• Russia within customs Union
• Iran within its region
• Saudi within the Middle East
• The currency swap deal between China and South Korea• • Bangladesh has entered a bilateral arms deal with Russia, while also
recently gaining co-operation from Japan as a 6bn promissory investment, and proposals of aid for nuclear reactor.
iii. The tools used for Brand Propagation
d. Military Statement• USA maintains its status as the #1 country in the world • Russia and China are militarily active as well.
iii. The tools used for Brand Propagation
e. Ministries
1.Tourism/Culture
2.Encouraging Immigration
3.Promoting R&D
• Ranked 37th in the world in education spending as a percentage of gross domestic product, however, US remains the best-represented country in the rankings
• While private US universities continue to dominate the top tiers of the ranking, public universities have dropped an average of 20 places since the financial crisis of 2007/8.
iii. The tools used for Brand Propagation
f. Education & Service Sector
• recipient of the 3rd largest amount of FDI in the world.
• third-largest foreign exchange market in Asia and the sixth-largest in the world.
• spent billions to build Burj al Khalifa
• Developing Dubai as the commercial hub of the world
iii. The tools used for Brand Propagation
g. Investment
iii. The tools used for Brand Propagation
h. Private tools
• Apple Inc.’s “Think Different Campaign”—which attaches to the US Core Values of independence, self expression, freedom, creativity, etc. when we purchase an Apple, we are really buying the Core Values of America (Nation Brand) and Apple (Corporate Brand)
• Private universities of USA has helped to establish the best education system in the world, further fostering USA’s nation branding
• South Korea, focused on building up large economic champions, laying the foundation for successful South Korean brands in the world market, such as Samsung and LG, KIA and Hyundai.
• Bangladesh ‘s BGMEA working on RMG branding
iii. The tools used for Brand Propagation
i. Exports
• 2nd highest exporter in 2012: $1.564 trillion • 3rd highest exporter in 2013: $1.497 trillion
• 6th in BSI Investment Ranking 2013
• 1st in BSI Goods & Services Ranking 2013
Top 5 Exports
1.Refined Petroleum (4.2%)
2. Planes, Helicopters, and/or Spacecraft (3.2%)
3. Packaged Medicaments (3.1%)
4. Cars (2.7%)
5. Gas Turbines (2.4%)
*according to The Observatory of Economic Complexity
iii. The tools used for Brand Propagation
j. Special events
• Copenhagen Hosted the environmental summit (post Kyoto)
• Set a goal of carbon neutrality by 2025
• hosted (partially) ICC World cup, t20 world cup and concurrently ran the beautiful Bangladesh campaign to boost nation brand
Perception of Bangladesh
Political violence
Natural disasters
Poverty
Poverty
Between 1990 and 2010 life expectancy rose by 10 years, from 59 to 69
Bangladeshis now have a life expectancy four years longer than Indians, despite the Indians being, on average, twice as rich. as the rich.
Even more remarkably, the improvement in life expectancy has been as great among the poor as the rich.
Poverty
“over the past 20 years, Bangladesh has made some of the biggest gains in the basic condition of people’s lives ever seen anywhere.”
The most dramatic period of improvement in human health in history is often taken to be that of late-19th-century Japan, during the remarkable modernisation of the Meiji transition. Bangladesh’s record on child and maternal mortality has been comparable in scale.
http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21565617-bangladesh-has-dysfunctional-politics-and-stunted-private-sector-yet-it-has-been-surprisingly
Prevalence of undernourishment in total population
16.3%
Income Inequality (GINI index)
Health achievements
Natural disaster resiliency
Bangladesh - Key Tourism Indicators - International tourism, receipts (current US$)110,000,000(current US$)in 2012
Tourism
• Number of Banks: Economic Freedom
Country Economic Freedom Growth
Sri Lanka 60 - 0.7
India 55.7 0.5
Pakistan 55.2 0.1
Bangladesh 54.1 1.5
Year Proposed Local Investment
Proposed Foreign
Investment
Total Proposed Investment
Growth %
Project BDT Project BDT Project BDT
2005-2006 1754 18370 135 24986 1889 43356 124.622006-2007 1930 19658 191 11925 2121 31583 -27.152007-2008 1615 19553 143 5433 1758 24986 -20.892008-2009 1336 17117 132 14749 1468 31867 27.542009-2010 1470 27414 160 6261 1630 33678 5.672010-2011 1298 39976 148 26935 1446 66912 98.71
2011-2012 1604 497078 209 338910 1813 835989 212
Bangladesh was the second favored investment destination in South Asia last year: UNCTAD
Of the $1.6 billion FDI that Bangladesh received on 2013$541 million came as equity (direct investment in Bangladesh)$361 million as intra-company loans (debt transactions between parent enterprises and affiliates) $697 million were reinvested earnings (investors' share of profits not distributed as profits).
The current government’s Digital Bangladesh by 2021 vision proposes to mainstream ICTs as a pro-poor tool to eradicate poverty, establish good governance, ensure social equity through quality education, healthcare and law enforcement for all, and prepare the people for climate change
• Human Resource Development
• Connecting Citizens
• Digital Government for Pro-Poor Service Delivery
• ICT in Business
GOVERNANCE
Exports
Exports
Peacekeeping
•Bangladesh now contributes the largest number of female police to UN peacekeeping operations with around two hundreds female officers & peacekeepers serving in eight UN peacekeeping missions
In terms of leadership, In 2013 Bangladesh has been elected the Vice-Chair of the United Nations Peace Building Commission (UNPBC), the UN advisory body that supports peace efforts incountries emerging from conflict
Thank You
Top Related