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Narmada Dam ProjectNarmada Dam Project
Issues, Developments &Issues, Developments &
SolutionsSolutions
Nandan ShahNandan Shah
TFS - SaucesTFS - Sauces
http://www.sardarsarovardam.org/ph_dam/ph_dam.htmhttp://www.sardarsarovardam.org/ph_dam/ph_dam.htmhttp://www.sardarsarovardam.org/ph_dam/ph_dam.htm7/23/2019 Narmada Dam Project
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The Narmada riverThe Narmada river
The Narmada River, which originates at the town o Shahdol inThe Narmada River, which originates at the town o Shahdol in
the state o !adh"a Pradesh, #ows or $,% 'm through (ujarat,the state o !adh"a Pradesh, #ows or $,% 'm through (ujarat,
!aharashtra and !adh"a Pradesh - the three states o western!aharashtra and !adh"a Pradesh - the three states o western
and central India and empties into the )ra*ian Sea+ It has $and central India and empties into the )ra*ian Sea+ It has $
tri*utaries and its *asin is home to more than million people+tri*utaries and its *asin is home to more than million people+
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Narmada Dam ProjectNarmada Dam Project
Project *egan in $./.
The (overnment0s plan is to *uild % large, $%1 mediumand % small dams to harness the waters o the Narmada
and its tri*utaries+ Initial 2udget 3$.45-4/6 7- Rs 5, cr
89penditure so ar 7- Rs $, cr
Projected Total cost 7- Rs , cr
:ost o main canal 7- Rs , cr
To *e ull" complete *" 1
The Sardar Sarovar in (ujarat is the nd largest in the world3ater %-(orges in :hina6+
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Brief History1901 Construction of dam on Narmada River proposed
1947 Investigations begun into Narmada's potential for irrigation and electricity.
191 !rime "inister #a$alarl Ne%ru lays foundation stone for Narmada damspro&ect.Includes plans for 000 small( medium and large dams.
19)*+orld ,an- approves 4*0 million loan to India for /ardar /arovar.Construction begins in 19). Narmada ,ac%ao ndolan coalitionforms led by "ed%a !at-ar ,aba mte
199 Citing pro&ect irregularities( +orld ,an- 199 $it%dra$s from /ardar/arovar.
199* India's /upreme Court stops construction of dam $%ile it revie$s petition.
1999 rund%ati Roy( famous ,oo-er !ri2e $inning novelist( &oins struggle
3000
/upreme Court allo$s building construction to continue up to 90 meters.
Narmada Control ut%ority formed to approve increase in %eig%t.
300 /ardar /arovar dam reac%es 10 meters ) ft.5. In #uly( eart%6ua-e of4. magnitude s%a-es dam.
300 /ardar /arovar dam reac%es 131.93 meters
303* /ardar /arovar dam reac%es 1).) meters
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)*out projects on Narmada)*out projects on Narmada
The Sardar Sarovar damThe Sardar Sarovar dam, under construction in (ujarat, Irrigate, under construction in (ujarat, Irrigate19,05,00019,05,000ha o landha o land
; Increased the agriculture production *"Increased the agriculture production *" 8.78.7 million tons per annummillion tons per annum3worth
; Suppl" drin'ing water to more than 4 village and $%1 ur*anSuppl" drin'ing water to more than 4 village and $%1 ur*ancenters o the State 3around million population6centers o the State 3around million population6
The Narmada Sagar damThe Narmada Sagar dam, *eing erected in !adh"a Pradesh, will, *eing erected in !adh"a Pradesh, will*e slightl" smaller, irrigating $,%, hectares*e slightl" smaller, irrigating $,%, hectares
; (enerating at ?rst !>, and then $1 !>+(enerating at ?rst !>, and then $1 !>+; Project planners e9pect the countr" to enjo" spin-o@ *ene?ts suchProject planners e9pect the countr" to enjo" spin-o@ *ene?ts such
as #ood control, increased ?sh cultivation and tourism, and moreas #ood control, increased ?sh cultivation and tourism, and morewater or domestic and industrial use+water or domestic and industrial use+
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State wise >ater Distri*utionState wise >ater Distri*ution
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IssuesIssues
Social IssueSocial Issue
Aealth IssueAealth Issue
8cological Issue8cological Issue
8nvironmental Issue8nvironmental Issue
:ultural Issue:ultural Issue
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Social IssuesSocial Issues
There was no social impacts assessment*eore the dam project started+ The>orld 2an' tried to do an assessmentater the dam project started *ut oundthat there was a Bsevere shortage in*aseline dataC+
Narmada Dam Project will eventuall"displace more than a million people+
The Narmada Sagar and Sardar Sarovar
dams alone will necessitate the resettlingo %, since nearl" hal o these aretri*al populations, whose *elies and0liest"les are intricatel" woven into theorest and the land, environmentalistsear or their survival outside their
traditional territor"+
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Aealth IssuesAealth Issues
Eut*rea' o diseases Eut*rea' o diseases
The concern o an increase in malaria *ecause o theThe concern o an increase in malaria *ecause o the
increased reservoirs and water logged lands, which are primeincreased reservoirs and water logged lands, which are prime
locations or mosGuitoes to *reed+locations or mosGuitoes to *reed+
)uthorities have suggested pesticides *ut there is concern or)uthorities have suggested pesticides *ut there is concern or
humans ingesting the pesticide+humans ingesting the pesticide+
)nother disease on the rise is T2 *ecause o the increasing)nother disease on the rise is T2 *ecause o the increasingnum*er o people *eing moved out o their villages *ecausenum*er o people *eing moved out o their villages *ecause
o dams+o dams+
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8nvironmental Issues8nvironmental Issues
>ater logging e9cess water in the soil and can render the soil>ater logging e9cess water in the soil and can render the soil
useless+ This could a@ect H o the area to *e irrigated+useless+ This could a@ect H o the area to *e irrigated+
Staliniation when irrigation water has more saline content andStaliniation when irrigation water has more saline content andadds more salt to the s"stem+ This happens *ecause the land toadds more salt to the s"stem+ This happens *ecause the land to
*e irrigated is an arid area and not used to so much water+ This*e irrigated is an arid area and not used to so much water+ This
impacts the #ora and auna and ma'es the water not suita*le orimpacts the #ora and auna and ma'es the water not suita*le or
drin'ing+drin'ing+
Reduction in orest land and increase the scarcit" land orReduction in orest land and increase the scarcit" land or
cultivation+ )@orested land canCt *e eGual to deorested land+cultivation+ )@orested land canCt *e eGual to deorested land+
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8cological Issues8cological Issues
Threat to aGuatic ha*itat *arriers or ?sh passage, water Gualit"Threat to aGuatic ha*itat *arriers or ?sh passage, water Gualit"
is a@ected *ecause o change in land use can also a@ect aGuaticis a@ected *ecause o change in land use can also a@ect aGuatic
lie+lie+
>ith the su*merging o orest land, a wealth o #ora and auna will>ith the su*merging o orest land, a wealth o #ora and auna will
simpl" disappear+ There are no orest corridors ena*ling wildlie tosimpl" disappear+ There are no orest corridors ena*ling wildlie to
cross over rom the su*merged areas to other orested regionscross over rom the su*merged areas to other orested regions
since the patches o orest are surrounded *" agricultural andsince the patches o orest are surrounded *" agricultural and
*arren land+ Ence the dams #ood the land, the animals will either*arren land+ Ence the dams #ood the land, the animals will either
drown or *e driven into the ?elds where the" could destro" crops+drown or *e driven into the ?elds where the" could destro" crops+
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:ultural Issues:ultural Issues
Resettlement threatens to culturall" victimie people in otherResettlement threatens to culturall" victimie people in other
wa"s+ These displaced people must adapt their liest"le in thatwa"s+ These displaced people must adapt their liest"le in that
the" are oten Jmoving rom relative isolation and independencethe" are oten Jmoving rom relative isolation and independence
to a high degree o dependence on pu*lic institutions and servicesto a high degree o dependence on pu*lic institutions and services
to protect against disastrous conseGuences o the moveKto protect against disastrous conseGuences o the moveK
Language and rituals will *ecome *arrier to moving out+Language and rituals will *ecome *arrier to moving out+
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N2)N2)
Narmada 2achao )ndolan is social movement consisting o tri*alNarmada 2achao )ndolan is social movement consisting o tri*alpeople, adivasis, armers, environmentalists and human rightspeople, adivasis, armers, environmentalists and human rightsactivists against the Sardar Sarovar Dam *eing *uilt across theactivists against the Sardar Sarovar Dam *eing *uilt across theNarmada river, (ujarat, India+Narmada river, (ujarat, India+
Their mode o campaign includes hunger stri'es and garneringTheir mode o campaign includes hunger stri'es and garneringsupport rom noted ?lm and art personalities 3nota*l" 2oll"woodsupport rom noted ?lm and art personalities 3nota*l" 2oll"wood?lm actor )amir Mhan6+?lm actor )amir Mhan6+
Narmada 2achao )ndolan, together with its leading spo'espersonsNarmada 2achao )ndolan, together with its leading spo'espersons!edha Pat'ar and 2a*a )mte, were the $..$ recipient o the Right!edha Pat'ar and 2a*a )mte, were the $..$ recipient o the RightLivelihood )ward+Livelihood )ward+
orld 2an'+
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:ontroversies against N2):ontroversies against N2)
The Narmada dam0s *ene?ts include provision o drin'ingThe Narmada dam0s *ene?ts include provision o drin'ingwater, power generation and irrigation acilities+ Thewater, power generation and irrigation acilities+ Thecampaign led *" the N2) activists has held up the project0scampaign led *" the N2) activists has held up the project0scompletion, and the N2) supporters have attac'ed on localcompletion, and the N2) supporters have attac'ed on localpeople who accepted compensation or moving+people who accepted compensation or moving+
There had also *een instances when the N2) activists turnedThere had also *een instances when the N2) activists turnedviolent and attac'ed reha*ilitation ocer rom Narmadaviolent and attac'ed reha*ilitation ocer rom NarmadaOalle" Development )uthorit" 3NOD)6, and caused damageOalle" Development )uthorit" 3NOD)6, and caused damageto the contractor0s machineries+to the contractor0s machineries+
The N2) has also *een accused o l"ing under oath in courtThe N2) has also *een accused o l"ing under oath in courta*out land ownership in areas a@ected *" the dam+ Thea*out land ownership in areas a@ected *" the dam+ TheSupreme :ourt has mulled perjur" charges against the group+Supreme :ourt has mulled perjur" charges against the group+
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SolutionsSolutions
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R8S8TTL8!8NT &R8S8TTL8!8NT &
R8A)2ILIT)TIEN PRE(R)!!8R8A)2ILIT)TIEN PRE(R)!!8 ) total o villages are to *e a@ected *" the construction o the dam,) total o villages are to *e a@ected *" the construction o the dam,
however onl" villages will ace $H su*mergence o agricultural land duehowever onl" villages will ace $H su*mergence o agricultural land due
to Sardar sarovar dam+to Sardar sarovar dam+
Sardar Sarovar Punarvasvat Agency (SSPASardar Sarovar Punarvasvat Agency (SSPAunder this there wereunder this there were
di@erent cells where started li'edi@erent cells where started li'e
a+a+ )griculture cell )griculture cell
To assist the (rievances Redressal !achiner" in resolving pro*lems relating toTo assist the (rievances Redressal !achiner" in resolving pro*lems relating to
agricultural lands,agricultural lands,
*+*+ !edical cell !edical cell
To provide preventive and curative medical services to R&Rs as per the need+To provide preventive and curative medical services to R&Rs as per the need+
c+c+ Reha*ilitation cell Reha*ilitation cell
To raise the living standard o the resettled amilies *" providing themTo raise the living standard o the resettled amilies *" providing them
agricultural assets, acilit" or animal hus*andr" etc, ater resettlement+agricultural assets, acilit" or animal hus*andr" etc, ater resettlement+
d+d+ 8ducation cell 8ducation cell
$/%% students *ene?ted with $ new schools+$/%% students *ene?ted with $ new schools+
e+e+ Land cell Land cell
To ensure that the agricultural lands allotted to P)Fs are o good Gualit", eitherTo ensure that the agricultural lands allotted to P)Fs are o good Gualit", either
*lac' medium *lac' or sand" loam and are suita*le or agricultural purpose*lac' medium *lac' or sand" loam and are suita*le or agricultural purpose
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Resettlement and Reha*ilitationResettlement and Reha*ilitationPac'age or Project )@ected FamiliesPac'age or Project )@ected Families
hectares irriga*le )griculture land+ hectares irriga*le )griculture land+
Residential plot o 1 SG+ !ts+Residential plot o 1 SG+ !ts+
)ssistance o Rs+ 1- or the construction o house+)ssistance o Rs+ 1- or the construction o house+
Su*sistence allowance o Rs+ 1-+Su*sistence allowance o Rs+ 1-+
)ssistance o Rs+/- or procuring productive assets li'e)ssistance o Rs+/- or procuring productive assets li'e*ulloc's and agricultural eGuipments+*ulloc's and agricultural eGuipments+
Resettlement grant o Rs+ /1-+Resettlement grant o Rs+ /1-+
Street light and internal electri?cation o $+1 point ree o costStreet light and internal electri?cation o $+1 point ree o costin :ore Aouse+in :ore Aouse+
Personal accident insurance etc+Personal accident insurance etc+ ) school and children0s par' in each resettlement site+) school and children0s par' in each resettlement site+
Dispensar" in each site where !P and !A ousters areDispensar" in each site where !P and !A ousters areresettled+resettled+
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8nvironmental protection8nvironmental protection
The m!n!stry o" #nv!ronment and $orests had %a!d do&n certa!nThe m!n!stry o" #nv!ronment and $orests had %a!d do&n certa!nstr!ngent cond!t!ons at the t!me o" g!v!ng c%earance to the 'roectstr!ngent cond!t!ons at the t!me o" g!v!ng c%earance to the 'roect!n the year 1987. So as to com'%y &!th the cond!t!ons o"!n the year 1987. So as to com'%y &!th the cond!t!ons o"c%earance, "o%%o&!ng 'rogrammes &ere underta)en.c%earance, "o%%o&!ng 'rogrammes &ere underta)en.
$orest *onservat!on Programme$orest *onservat!on Programme
$!sher!es +eve%o'ment$!sher!es +eve%o'ment
ea%th As'ectsea%th As'ects
Archaeo%og!ca% As'ectsArchaeo%og!ca% As'ects
#co-Tour!sm +eve%o'ment#co-Tour!sm +eve%o'ment
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2ene?ts2ene?ts
The Sardar Sarovar dam, under construction in (ujarat, willThe Sardar Sarovar dam, under construction in (ujarat, willirrigate an estimated $+4 million hectares and generate % !> oirrigate an estimated $+4 million hectares and generate % !> oelectricit" in the initial phase, later dropping to $1 !> in the ?nalelectricit" in the initial phase, later dropping to $1 !> in the ?nalphase+phase+
The Narmada Sagar dam, *eing erected in !adh"a Pradesh, willThe Narmada Sagar dam, *eing erected in !adh"a Pradesh, will*e slightl" smaller, irrigating $%, hectares and generating at*e slightl" smaller, irrigating $%, hectares and generating at?rst !>, and then $1 !>+?rst !>, and then $1 !>+
Project planners e9pect the countr" to enjo" spin-o@ *ene?ts suchProject planners e9pect the countr" to enjo" spin-o@ *ene?ts suchas #ood control, increased ?sh cultivation and tourism, and moreas #ood control, increased ?sh cultivation and tourism, and morewater or domestic and industrial use+water or domestic and industrial use+
Drin'ing water or whole "ear and prevention o draught+Drin'ing water or whole "ear and prevention o draught+
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Than) ouThan) ou
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