Nano Technology Development Introduction and its impact on
Sustainability and Safety-Health
Speaker: Mr. Dmitry Maznichenko, MASc
Pure Technologies Ltd. 3 February, 2016
Presentation Contents:
1. Pure Technologies Ltd. 2. Modern trends
i consumer iii energy iv structural, mechanical v environment, health
3. Nano in Nature i nature’s nanomachines ii biomimicry
4. Regulating impact i classification ii sustainability
5. Conclusions
Nano = 1 billionth of a metre = 10-6 mm = 10-5 thou
1. Pure Technologies Ltd.
1. Pure Technologies Ltd.
i. PipeDiverTM
4
• What happens when infrastructure reaches the end of its design life span?
(www.puretechltd.com)
1. Pure Technologies Ltd.
i. Pure Technologies Ltd.
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• Assess, monitor and manage water and wastewater pipelines, bridges and structures, and oil and gas pipelines. – International operations – Assess & Address® – Engineering Services – Pipe inspection:
• leak detection, wall assessment, gas pocket detection, video
– Pipeline monitoring: • wire break, transient pressure
– Pipeline data management: • PureNET™
• Murphy’s Law…
(www.puretechltd.com)
2. Modern Trends
• General beliefs, expectations
– will solve all problems
– greater possibilities as a people
– doom
– something that is inevitable
– machines will run the world
– “I don’t know, and please don’t tell me”
2. Modern Trends
Perception of Nanotech
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• What is the difference in interacting with this technology?
– The Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies
• Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, USA
• >1,800 nano products listed (yr. 2016)
– Inert objects to active and reactive
• any physical state
• surface, body, solution, etc.
• scale: invisible to buildings
2. Modern Trends
i. Consumer
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• Smart textiles
– anti-bacterial with silver NPs
• athletic clothing, bed and bath
linens, stuffed animals etc.
– conductive
• cyclical loading, conductive path recombination
2. Modern Trends
i. Consumer
USA Today, 2008
9 Kim et al., 2013 (University of Michigan - USA)
• How does electrical energy behave differently?
– quantum confinement
• band gap (Eg) increases
• some metals become semiconductors
• may lower charge recombination
• tune to be activated by specific EM wavelengths (i.e. energies) – may further modify interference, scattering, surface
plasmons, fluorescense
2. Modern Trends
ii. Energy
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2. Modern Trends
iii. Structural, Mechanical
• How can mechanical properties change? – Cement
• calcium-silicate-hydrate
• UHPC – silica fume or silica NPs
– Machines • MEMS, NEMS
• implants for humans
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Allen et al., 2007 (National Institute of Standards and Technology - USA)
RIGHT Shein et al., 2009 (Tel-Aviv University - Israel)
LEFT Subramanian et al., 2007 (ETH Zurich - Switzerland)
2. Modern Trends
iv. Environment, Health
• Fresh water – scarce, expensive, fought over
A. Filtration – nanoporous graphene
• blocks Na+ and Cl- ions
B. Treatment – photocatalytic degradation
• TiO2 molecular reduction/oxidation
– scavengers • organic (bacterial efflux pump) • inorganic (magnetic NPs)
Kapoor & Wendell, 2013 (University of Cincinnati - USA)
Cohen-Tanugi & Grossman, 2012 (Massachusetts Institute of Technology - USA)
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2. Modern Trends
v. Environment, Health
• Medicine – gold used since alchemic times
A. Therapeutic – cancer treatment
• specific drug delivery
• heating: NIR laser, magnetic field
– wound dressing
B. Diagnosis – molecular detection
• targeted, enhanced
Ghosh et al., 2008 (University of Massachusetts - USA)
13 Domenech et al., 2013 (University of Puerto Rico - USA)
3. Nano in Nature
3. Nano in Nature
i. Nature’s Nanomachines
• Flagellum
ca. 6,000 rpm
1,400 pN*nm torque
– clutch mechanism
– recall Eric Drexler
and atomic
machines
bearing dia. 20-30 nm
1 nm clearance
Blair et al., 2008 (Indiana University - USA) 15
3. Nano in Nature
ii. Biomimicry
• Plants
– Lotus leaf
• present in around 300 other plant species, butterflies and dragonflies too
• poor sensitivity to mechanical loads
• fingerprint fat cancels out super-hydrophobic
Cheng et al., 2006 (GM Research and Development Center - USA) 16
• Lizards
– Geckos
• lamellae, 1-2 mm long
• branches, 20-30 μm long, 1-2 μm dia.
• tips of spatulae, 200-300 nm, 10 nm thick
3. Nano in Nature
ii. Biomimicry
Bhushan, 2012 (Ohio State University - USA) 17
3. Nano in Nature
ii. Biomimicry
• Other stunning mimics – butterfly | color effect for anti-counterfeit
– water striders | hydrophobic feet
– dog’s nose | highly sensitive
– wood | battery swelling on ion recharge
– planthopper nymph | geared leg synchronization
– rose petal | sticky tape for water
– squid | switchable invisibility in water
– tactile perception | 760 nm long by 13 nm high
etc., etc.. 18
4. Regulating Impact
4. Regulating Impact
i. Classification
• Classification of nano – defining the size range – distribution – constituency – agglomeration – measurements and origins of the nanomaterial
• Naturally occurring by-products – generation of NPs at home
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Glover et al., 2011 (University of Oregon - USA)
“A natural or manufactured material in the size range of 1 to 100 nm with a median 50% constituency assuming a normal or log-normal
distribution”
4. Regulating Impact
i. Classification
• Complications – not time proven for environment and health (e.g. recycling) – impact of manufacturing and testing efficiency – uncertain/unexpected new by-products – developing world and ethics
• Current situation – USA
• ASTM E2996, E3001 • National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI)
– Canada • Engineers Canada (formerly CCPE) • Health Canada
– European Union • works with ISO and REACH
– Japan • voluntary regulation
– stating product contains nano is optional
21 Horizon2020, 2013
4. Regulating Impact
ii. Sustainability
• Responsible Research and Innovation (EU) – The Woodrow Wilson Institute
(USA) • 2007, “Green Nanotechnology: It’s
Easier Than You Think” – green nano vs. nano-enhanced green
technologies
– green chemistry (pertaining hazardous substances)
– green engineering (design, distribution and use of processes and products)
– natural process (biomimetics, resource efficiency, minimum risk)
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Woodrow Wilson Institute, 2007
4. Regulating Impact
ii. Sustainability
• e.g. Nanotechnology gasoline (Nano Labs Corp., 2013)
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Hessian Ministry of Economy, Transport, Urban and Regional Development , 2008
(www.hessen-nanotech.de)
5. Conclusions
5. Conclusions
So what is nanotechnology?
• Advanced science and engineering
– may achieve new heights in technological ability
– many new social possibilities
– opportunities for job creation and economic stimulus
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5. Conclusions
So what is nanotechnology?
• Unknown risks cannot outweigh benefits
– regulation, careful experimentation and collaboration necessary
– cannot be just fun science
• We need nature
– nature’s technology is far superior to our most advanced knowledge to date
– easier to destroy than to build
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THANK YOU PEO Ottawa Chapter!
Questions and feedback welcome..
Contact info: Dmitry Maznichenko
ca.linkedin.com/in/nanome
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