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Solar photovoltaic technologies:Have we reached the physical
limit yet?
Foo Khai Zhen UTPSiti Khadijah bt Hajon UNIMAS
Presanth s/o Gobinath UPM
Mohd Shahrizi b Razali UiTM ShahAlam
Group 4
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Carbon Footprint: A Fraction of
Conventional Sources900
850
400
262 245
45 35 12
Coal Oil Gas CC Coal +CCS
ICGS +CCS
Biomass PV Multi-Si
Wind
gCO2-eq./KWh
Adapted from: First Solar , Inc. (2013)
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Physical limits?
A restriction in range of motion, strength,endurance or balance.
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Have we reached the physical limits?NO!
Geometry: Space, Surface area
Efficiency: Energy conversion Resources: Solar power, materials
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Justifications
Solar PhotovoltaicTechnologies
Has not reachedphysical limits
yet
Geometry
Efficiency
Resources
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Resources Solar resource is virtually
inexhaustible, available and able
to be used in all countries The solar technologies resources
depend on the solar irradiance
Photovoltaic can take advantageof direct and indirect (diffuse)
insolation. As a result, PV modules need not
directly face that enabled PVsystems to have broadergeographical application
(a)
(b)
Figure 1: The global solar irradiance at theEarth surface (a) December, January, February,(b) June, July, August
(Retrieved from Arvizu et al., 2006)
2W/m
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Geometry Modifications on space limitation factor higher solarelectrical capacities
Figure 2: Expected future of Solar Electrical capacities
(Retrieved from Gorai et al., )
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Efficiency
Efficiency of solar photovoltaic technologies is continuouslyincreased
Depends on type of materials used for the solar panel
Figure 3: Performanceof commercial PVtechnologies
(Retrieved fromEPIA, 2011)
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Black Silicon Solar Cell
Average reflectance of 0.3% Tenfolddecrease in reflectance over the solar
spectrum - increase in energy efficiency Less light is reflected more sunlight can be
converted into electricity.
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Quantum dot solar cells
Quantum dots : semiconductors only a fewnanometres in size, used to harvest electricity fromthe entire solar spectrum.
Mechanical flexibility, low cost, cleanpower generation, can be created quickly
efficiency of 65%
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Spherical Micro Solar Cell
Capture sunlight from all directions
Efficient shape the sphere.
Traditional flat solar cells problem: efficiencyrelies on their relative position to the sun.
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Solar Tracker Orients photovoltaic panels
towards the sun.
Minimize the incidenceangle between the incomingsunlight and the panelproduce more energythan fixed panels
Performance increase:20% inwinter
50% in summer
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Liquid Solar Cells
Produce more power at lower
manufacturing cost Plasmonic-enhanced organic PV materials
incorporated with metal nanoparticles optical absorption (better power conversion
efficiency) Promise of 60% efficiency rating.
Applicable to great variety of surfaces
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Conclusion
Many new technologies emerging to keep onpushing the limitations forward for a betterperformance.
Solar PV technology - a very promising solution
to reduce carbon footprint globally.
Should be commercialized for the optimizationof the technology.
The defined physical limits of Solar PVtechnology areyet to be reached.
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ReferencesBourzac K. (April 2010) Black Silicon Makes Solar Cells Cheaper. InEnergyNews. Retrieved November 9, 2013, fromhttp://www.technologyreview.com/news/418300/black-silicon-makes-solar-cells-cheaper/
Nasrudin & Hasaruzzaman (2012). Energy Situation in Malaysia: Present & ItsFuture. Journal of Sustainable Energy & Environment
Nealon C. (2013). Solar Panels as inexpensive as paint? It's possible due toresearch at University of Baffalo. Retrieved November 9, 2013,from http://www.buffalo.edu/news/releases/2013/05/018.html
Ponnampalam, D. R. (2012). Liquid Solar Cells: a new phase in solartechnology development. RetrievedNovember 11, 2013,from http://pv.energytrend.com/research/Dino_PV_20120528.html
Scientists Achieve Highest Open-Circuit Voltage for Quantum Dot Solar Cells.(Sept 2013). InScience Daily. Retrieved November 9, 2013, fromhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130913114022.htm
http://www.technologyreview.com/news/418300/black-silicon-makes-solar-cells-cheaper/http://www.technologyreview.com/news/418300/black-silicon-makes-solar-cells-cheaper/http://www.buffalo.edu/news/releases/2013/05/018.htmlhttp://pv.energytrend.com/research/Dino_PV_20120528.htmlhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130913114022.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130913114022.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130913114022.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130913114022.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130913114022.htmhttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130913114022.htmhttp://pv.energytrend.com/research/Dino_PV_20120528.htmlhttp://www.buffalo.edu/news/releases/2013/05/018.htmlhttp://www.buffalo.edu/news/releases/2013/05/018.htmlhttp://www.technologyreview.com/news/418300/black-silicon-makes-solar-cells-cheaper/http://www.technologyreview.com/news/418300/black-silicon-makes-solar-cells-cheaper/http://www.technologyreview.com/news/418300/black-silicon-makes-solar-cells-cheaper/http://www.technologyreview.com/news/418300/black-silicon-makes-solar-cells-cheaper/http://www.technologyreview.com/news/418300/black-silicon-makes-solar-cells-cheaper/http://www.technologyreview.com/news/418300/black-silicon-makes-solar-cells-cheaper/http://www.technologyreview.com/news/418300/black-silicon-makes-solar-cells-cheaper/http://www.technologyreview.com/news/418300/black-silicon-makes-solar-cells-cheaper/http://www.technologyreview.com/news/418300/black-silicon-makes-solar-cells-cheaper/http://www.technologyreview.com/news/418300/black-silicon-makes-solar-cells-cheaper/http://www.technologyreview.com/news/418300/black-silicon-makes-solar-cells-cheaper/http://www.technologyreview.com/news/418300/black-silicon-makes-solar-cells-cheaper/8/13/2019 Naces Final
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Potential of PV Technology in Malaysia
Average Solar Radiation: 400 to 600 MJ/m2
10thMPRenewable Energy & Action Plan985MW (2015)55% Total Energy GenerationMix (Solar Energy expected to contribute: 50-80%)
Source: Nasrudin & Hasaruzzaman (2012).Energy Situation in Malaysia:Present & Its Future. Journal of Sustainable Energy & Environment
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