BY: DR. AYAT
ELDOMOUKY
Muscluar triangles of ……………….the
neck
POSTERIOR TRIANGLE
BOUNDARIES
Trapezius muscle
Sternomastoid muscle
clavicle
POSTERIOR TRIANGLE
Boundaries:- In front → Posterior border of sternomastoid m.- Behind → Anterior border of trapezius m.- Apex → Middle ⅓ of superior nuchal line.- Base → Middle ⅓ of the clavicle.Roof- Skin.- Superficial fascia.- Deep (investing) fascia of the neck.The superficial fascia of the posterior triangle contains the following :(1) Platysma m. : (a subcutaneous m.)(2) External Jugular vein (3)The cutaneous branches of the cervical plexusFloor: From below upwards:a) Scalenus medius. b) Levator scapulae. c) Splenius capitis.
Contents:
Arteries 1- Third part of subclavian a. 2- Suprascapular a.3- Superficial (or transverse) cervical a.4- Occipital a. (near the apex).Veins 5- Subclavian v., receiving its only tributary, the external jugular
v.Nerves 6- Roots and trunks of brachial plexus.7- Spinal accessory n. (runs on levator scapulae).L.Ns. 8- Occipital L.N. (at the apex with the occipital a.).9- Supraclavicular L.N. (at base with the subclavian a.).Ms. 10- Inferior belly of omohyoid .
OMOHYOID MUSCLE
DIVISION OF POSTERIOR TRIANGLE
Occipital triangle
Supra clavicular
ANTERIOR TRIANGLE
ANTERIOR TRIANGLE
□ Boundaries :• Anteriorly → Middle line of the neck.• Posteriorly → Ant. border of sternomastoid.• Base (above) → Lower border of mandible.• Apex (below) → Suprasternal notch.□ Roof:1- Skin.2- Superficial fascia (+ its contents).3- Investing ( deep ) fascia.Contents of the Superficial Fascia of the Roof:a- Platysma muscle.b- Transverse cervical n.c- Anterior jugular v. : It is formed by the union of the submental veins →
descendsin the superficial fascia near the middle line → pierces the deep fascia above thesternum → passes deep to the sternomastoid → ends in the external jugular v.
Thedeep parts of both anterior jugular veins are connected together by jugular
arch.□ Subdivisions : 3 ½ triangles . See the table .
DIGASTRIC MUSCLE
Suddivisions of
ANTERIOR TRIANGLE
Suprahyoid muscles
1-MYLOHYOID MUSCLE
Mylohyoid line
2- stylohyoid muscles 3- geniohyoid
Inferior mental spine
The suprahyoid muscles
the muscles of the floor of the mouth
Recall of relevant structures
Infrahyoid muscles
Important topics
Enumerate main contents of submandibular triangule and give short account on one of
them
1. Muscles: suprahyoid muscles
(mylohyoid muscle), geniohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric and hyoglossus muscles
2. Glands: submandibular salivary glands & L.N.
3. Nerves: nerve to mylo-hyoid muscle, hypoglossal nerves and Submandibular ganglion
4. Vessels: facial artery& vein
Enumerate main contents of submandibular region and give short
account on one of them
1. Muscles: 1:suprahyoid muscles
(mylohyoid muscle), geniohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric and hyoglossus muscles
2:genioglossus2. Glands: submandibular salivary glands & L.N.Sublingual salivary gland3. Nerves: nerve to mylo-hyoid muscle,
hypoglossal nerves and Submandibular ganglionLingual nerve4. Vessels: lingual & facial vessels
Facial vessels
Submandibular ganglionLingual
nerve
Sublingual salivary gland
Hypoglossal nerve
Lingual vessels
Nerve to mylohyoid muscle
Submandibular salivary gland
Muscle Origine Insertion Nerve supply action
Digastric muscle post. belly: Mastoid process of temporal bone ant. belly: Body of mandible
Intermediate tendon is held to hyoid by fascial sling
post. belly: facial nerveant belly: nerve to mylohyoid
Depresses mandible or elevates hyoid bone
Mylohyoid muscle Mylohyoid line of body of mandible
Body of hyoid bone and fibrous raphe
Inferior alveolar nerve
Elevates floor of mouth and hyoid bone or depresses mandible
Hyoglossus muscle Hyoid bone Post. ½ of the side of the tongue
Hypoglossal nerve Draw the tongue downwards and help suckling
Geniohyoid Genial tubercle of the mandible
Body of hyoid bone Hypoglossal nerve Depresses mandible or elevates hyoid bone
Styloyoid Styloid process Hyoid bone Facial nerve with post. Belly of digastric
Elevate hyoid bone
suprahyoid muscles
Enumerate main contents of carotid triangule and give short account on one of
them
1. Carotid sheath: CCA, ICA, IJV and vagus nerve
2. External carotid artery3. Hypoglossal nerve4. Ansa cervicalis5. Accessory nerve6. Sympathetic trunk
ANSA CERVICALIS
• It is a nervous loop situated in front of the carotid sheath.
• It is formed by union of 2 limbs :A) Superior limb : Descending from the
hypoglossal n. and containing fibers of C1 spinal nerve .
B) Inferior limb : From C2 and C3 spinal nerves .• Branches : arise from the tip → supply all
infrahyoid muscles (near their lower ends) except thyrohyoid.
Enumerate main contents of muscular triangule and give short account on one of
them Infra hyoid muscles
Enumerate main contents of submental triangule and give short account on one of
them
1. Submental LN2. Anterior jugular vein
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