Politecnico di Milano Facoltà di Ingegneria dell’Informazione
MRN – 9 – UMTS
Mobile Radio Networks Prof. Antonio Capone
3GPP standards evolution
GSM GPRS
EDGE
UMTS TD-SCDMA
HSDPA
HSUPA
HSPA+ R7
HSPA+ R8
LTE FDD TDD LTE
Advanced
2G 3G 4G
TDMA FDMA
CDMA
OFDMA
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 2
Macro, Micro, Pico Celle
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 3
Intranet Access
Intranets Internet Services Mobile Internet PSTN
PDA/ Tablet
Business User
Business + Consumer
Consumer Business + Consumer
Business + Consumer
Internet Access Customized Infotainment
Multimedia Messaging
Location Based Service Voice
PDA/ Tablet Laptop SmartPhone SmartPhone Laptop Mobile Phone Mobile Phone
Services and Applications
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 4
UMTS architecture: Network domains
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 5
User Domain
Radio Access Domain
Core Network
Uu Interface (radio interface)
Uu Interface (radio interface)
Infrastructure Domain
Other PLMN Other Networks
UMTS architecture: Network domains
USIM Domain
Mobile Equipment
Domain
Access Network Domain
Serving Network Domain
Transit Network Domain
Home Network Domain
User Equipment Domain Infrastructure Domain
Core Network Domain
Cu Uu Iu
Yu Zu
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 6
UMTS architecture: Network domains
o User Equipment (UE) Domain n The USIM is the user identity modulo with all security tools
and keys; the Mobile Equipment domain is the mobile station
o Access Network Domain n It can be the new UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
Network) or the BSS-GSM o Core Network (CN) Domain
n It’s the backbone of the operator network and allows the management of circuit and packet switched services and the access to external networks through gateways
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 7
User Equipment Domain
o MS = ME domain + USIM domain o ME = MT (Radio) + TE (Applications)
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 8
Radio Network Controller
Core Network
NodeB Network Management
Mobile Terminals
Radio Access Network
Iub Iur
Iub
Iu
UTRAN
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 9
UTRAN: Network nodes o RNS (Radio Network Subsystem)
n It’s the part of the network that allows the access to the core network from the User Equipment (UE)
o RNC (Radio Network Controller) n Within the RNS, the RNC manages the radio resources of a group
of base stations (NodeB)
o Node B n It’s the UMTS base station and manages one or more cells
o Uu Interface n Air interface between UE and Node B
o Iu Interface n Interface between CN and RNS
o Iur Interface n Interface between different RNSs
o Iub Interface n Interface between RNC and Node B
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 10
ATM layer with QoS
Physical transport (usually optical)
Transport layer
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 11
Communication services o Bearer service
n Communication service able to provide bit pipes between point
o Teleservice n Communication includes in this case also the
application protocols and formats. Some teleservices (like telephone voice calls) are considedered fundamental and standardized
o Supplementary service n Modify or add information to a teleservice. It
cannot be offered as a stand alone service
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 12
Quality parameters
o In UMTS bearer services can guarantee some quality parameters like: n Maximum transfer delay n Delay variation n Bit error ratio n Data rate
o Four UMTS QoS Classes n conversational, streaming, interactive,
background
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 13
TE MT UTRAN CN Iu edge node
TE CN gateway
End-to-end service
UMTS bearer service
Radio access bearer service CN b.s.
Local b.s. Ext. b.s.
Radio b.s. Iu b.s. Backbone
Radio Access Bearer Radio Bearer
UE Core network
Bearer services in UMTS
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 14
Conversational Streaming Interactive Background
low delay
low delay variation
speech video streaming
audio streaming
low round-trip delay
www applications
delay is not critical
store-and- forward applications
(e-mail, SMS) file transfer
reasonably low delay
basic applications
basic QoS requirements
QoS classes
video telephony/
conferencing
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 15
Conversational Streaming Interactive Background
QoS classes
o Low delay (< 400 ms) and low delay variation o BER requirements not so stringent o In the radio network => real-time (RT)
connections o Speech (using AMR = Adaptive Multi-Rate
speech coding) o Video telephony / conferencing:
n ITU-T Rec. H.324 (over circuit switched connections) n ITU-T Rec. H.323 or IETF SIP (over packet switched
connections)
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 16
Conversational Streaming Interactive Background
UE Source
Buffer
QoS classes
o Reasonably low delay and delay variation o BER requirements quite stringent o Traffic management important (variable bit rate) o In the radio network => real-time (RT) connections
o Video streaming o Audio streaming
o video or audio information is buffered in the UE, o large delay => buffer is running out of content!
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 17
Conversational Streaming Interactive Background
QoS classes
o Low round-trip delay (< seconds) o Delay variation is not important o BER requirements stringent o In the radio network => non-real-time (NRT)
connections
o Web browsing o Interactive games o Location-based services (LCS)
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 18
Conversational Streaming Interactive Background
QoS classes
o Delay / delay variation is not an important issue o BER requirements stringent o In the radio network => non-real-time (NRT)
connections
o SMS (Short Message Service) and other more advanced o Messaging services (EMS, MMS) o E-mail notification, e-mail download o File transfer
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 19
Core network
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 20
GSM/GPRS core network GSM Radio access network (BSS)
Internet
PSTN
BTS
BTS
BSC
MSC
VLR
SGSN
LR
GMSC
HLR
AuC
EIR
GGSN
LR
MS
PCU
GSM/GPRS network
IP Backbone
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 21
Core network (GSM/GPRS-based) Radio access network UTRAN
UE
Iu CS
Iur
Iub
Uu
Gn Iu PS
Internet
PSTN
BS
BS
RNC
RNC
MSC
VLR
SGSN
LR
GMSC
HLR
AuC
EIR
GGSN
LR
Iub
UMTS network – Rel. 99
IP Backbone
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 22
2G => 3G: RAN
MS => UE (User Equipment), often also called (user) terminal
New air (radio) interface based on WCDMA access technology
New RAN architecture - Iur interface is available
for soft handover, - BSC => RNC
Radio access network UTRAN
UE
Iu CS
Iur
Iub
Uu
Iu PS
BS
BS
RNC
RNC
Iub
UMTS network – Rel. 99
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 23
2G => 3G: CN
MSC is upgraded to 3G MSC
SGSN is upgraded to 3G SGSN
GMSC and GGSN remain the same
AuC is upgraded (more security features in 3G)
Core network (GSM/GPRS-based)
Iu CS
Gn Iu PS
Internet
PSTN MSC
VLR
SGSN
LR
GMSC
HLR
AuC
EIR
GGSN
LR IP Backbone
UMTS network – Rel. 99
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 24
Circuit Switched (CS) core network
PS
TN
MSC Server
PS core as in Rel.’99
GMSC Server
SGW
MGW
SGW
MGW
UMTS network – Rel. 4
New option in Rel.4
UTRAN
GERAN (GSM and EDGE Radio
Access Network)
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 25
MSC Server takes care of call control signalling
The user connections are set up via MGW (Media GateWay)
“Lower layer” protocol conversion in SGW (Signalling GateWay)
RANAP / ISUP
SS7 MTP
IP Sigtran
Circuit Switched (CS) core network
PS
TN
MSC Server
PS core as in Rel.’99
GMSC Server
SGW
MGW
SGW
MGW
UMTS network – Rel. 4
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 26
CS core
PS
TN
SGSN GGSN
Internet
HSS IMS (IP Multimedia System)
PS core
UMTS network – Rel. 5
UTRAN
GERAN (GSM and EDGE Radio
Access Network)
MGW
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 27
CS core
PS
TN
SGSN GGSN
Internet / other IMS
HSS
PS core
The IMS can establish multimedia sessions (using IP transport) via PS core between UE and Internet (or another IMS)
Call/session control using SIP (Session Initiating Protocol)
Interworking with the PSTN is required for some time ...
IMS (IP Multimedia System)
MGW
UMTS network – Rel. 5
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 28
Gf Gi
Iu
GiMr
Gi
Ms
Gi
R UuMGW
Gn
Gc
Signalling and Data TransferInterface
SignallingInterface
TE MT UTRAN
Gr
SGSN GGSN
EIR
MGCF
R-SGW *)
MRF
MultimediaIP Networks
PSTN/Legacy/External
Applications &Services *)
Mm
Mw
Legacy mobilesignallingNetw ork
Mc
Cx
AlternativeAccess
Network
Mh
CSCF
CSCFMg
T-SGW *)
T-SGW *)
HSS *)
HSS *)
Applications& Services *)
MSC server GMSC server
McMc
D C
SCP
CAP
MGWNb
Nc
Iu
Iu
R-SGW *)Mh
CAPCAP
R UmTE MT
BSS/GERAN
GbA
*) those elements are duplicated for figurelayout purpose only, they belong to the samelogical element in the reference model
Iu
UMTS network – Rel. 5
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 29
UMTS Protocols
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 30
UMTS Protocols o Different protocol stacks for user and control
plane o User plane (for transport of user data):
n Circuit switched domain: data within ”bit pipes” n Packet switched domain: protocols for implementing
various QoS or traffic engineering mechanisms o Control plane (for signalling):
n Circuit switched domain: SS7 based (in core network)
n Packet switched domain: IP based (in core network) n Radio access network: UTRAN protocols
Data streams
RLC
MAC
Phys.
UE UTRAN 3G MSC GMSC
Uu Iu Gn
RLC
MAC
Phys. WCDMA
TDM
Frame Protocol (FP)
AAL2
ATM
Phys.
AAL2
ATM
Phys.
TDM
User plane (Circuit Switched)
PDCP
RLC
GTP
UDP
IP
GTP
UDP
IP
IP IP
GTP
UDP
PDCP
RLC
MAC
Phys.
MAC
Phys.
AAL5
ATM
Phys.
AAL5
ATM
Phys.
IP
L2
L1
GTP
UDP
IP
L2
L1
UE UTRAN SGSN GGSN
Uu Iu Gn
WCDMA
User Plan (Packet Switched)
PHY
MAC
RLC
RRC
Signalling radio bearers
(User plane) radio bearers
e.g. MM, CC, SM transparent to UTRAN
Logical channels
Transport channels
PDCP L3
L2
L1
Radio Interface Protocols
Radio Interface
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 35
Frequency map
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks
Frequency map o Two frequency bands for TDD and FDD. o FDD (Frequency Division Duplex): it’s a symmetric band
assignment, one for the uplink and one for he downlink o TDD (Time Division Duplex) it’s a asymmetric channel
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 37
W-CDMA
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 38
Spreading o The number of chips in the spreading code is called
Spreading Factor (SF). The chip rate in UMTS is 3.84 Mcps.
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 39
Scrambling
o Spreading codes of the same transmitter are mutually orthogonal
o Code of different transmitters have low cross correlation regardless of the time offset
o For this purpose, different scrambling codes are used for each transmitter
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 40
Orthogonal codes tree
o The orthogonal spreading codes are generated with different lengths using the OVSF (Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor) tree.
o The Spreading Factor (SF) is equal to the number of codes
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 41
Radio Interface
o At the radio interface some channels are for signaling and others for user data.
o Some channels are for packet switched access while others for circuit switching
o Different types of channels maps the RAB (Radio Access Bearers) requested by services
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 42
Logical/Transport/Physical channels
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 43
RLC RLC
MAC
FP
Phy
FP
UE Base station RNC
AAL 2
MAC
AAL 2
Phy
Logical channels
Physical channels
Transport channels
: :
WCDMA
: :
Logical/Transport/Physical channels
.
Radio protocols
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 45
CCCH DCCH
PCH DCH DSCH FACH BCH DCH CPCH RACH
DCCH CTCH CCCH BCCH PCCH
Uplink Downlink
DTCH DTCH
Logical channels
Transport channels
Logical è Transport channels
PCH DCH DSCH FACH BCH
DCH
CPCH RACH
PRACH PCPCH SCCPCH PCCPCH DPDCH
DPCCH
SCH CPICH
AICH
PICH
CSICH
Physical channels
Transport channels
DPCH CD/CA-ICH
Uplink Downlink
PDSCH
Transport è Physical channels
Physical channels
Node B
UE
P-CCPCH- Primary Common Control Physical Channel SCH - Sync Channel
P-CPICH - Primary Common Pilot Channel S-CPICH - Secondary Common Pilot Channel(s)
Broadcast Channels (to all UEs in the cell)
DPDCH - Dedicated Physical Data Channel
DPCCH - Dedicated Physical Control Channel
F-PDSCH - Physical Downlink Shared Channel
Dedicated Connection Channels
PICH - Page Indication Channel
Paging Channels
S-CCPCH - Secondary Common Control Physical Channel
PCPCH - Common Physical Packet Channel
AP-AICH - Acquisition Preamble Indication Channel
CD/CA-AICH - Collision Detection Indication Channel
CSICH - CPCH Status Indication Channel
PRACH - Physical Random Access Channel
AICH - Acquisition Indication Channel
Random Access e Packet Access Channels
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 48
Physical channels: downlink o Common Downlink Physical Channels
n P-CCPCH Common Control Physical Channel (Primary) o Broadcast delle informazioni della cella o Broadcast della SFN e Timing reference per tutti i canali DL
n SCH Synchronization Channel o Fast Synch. codes 1 and 2; time-multiplexed con P-CCPCH
n S-CCPCH Common Control Physical Channel (Secondary) o Trasmette l’informazione di segnalazione e controllo per gli UE
in idle-mode n P-CIPCH Common Pilot Channel n S-CIPCH Secondary Common Pilot Channel (for sectored
cells) n PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel
o Trasmette dati ad alta velocità a più utenti o Dedicated Downlink Physical Channels
n DPDCH Dedicated Downlink Physical Data Channel n DPCCH Dedicated Downlink Physical Control Channel
o Trasmette la segnalazione e il controllo per i mobili in connessione
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 49
Physical channels: downlink (2) o Downlink Indication Channels
n AICH (Acquisition Indication Channel) o Acknowledges that BS has acquired a UE Random Access attempt o (Echoes the UE’s Random Access signature)
n PICH (Page Indication Channel) o Informs a UE to monitor the next paging frame
n AP-AICH (Access Preamble Indication Channel) o Acknowledges that BS has acquired a UE Packet Access attempt o (Echoes the UE’s Packet Access signature)
n CD/CA-ICH o Confirms that there is no ambiguity between UE in a Packet
Access attempt o (Echoes the UE’s Packet Access Collision Detection signature) o Optionally provides available Packet channel assignments
n CSICH o Broadcasts status information regarding packet channel
availability A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 50
Physical channels: uplink
o Common Uplink Physical Channels n PRACH Physical Random Access Channe
o Used by UE to initiate access to BS
n PCPCH Physical Common Packet Channel o Used by UE to send connectionless packet data
o Dedicated Uplink Physical Channels n DPDCH Dedicated Uplink Physical Data Channel n DPCCH Dedicated Uplink Physical Control Channel
o Transmits connection-mode signaling and control to BS
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 51
Logical channels: downlink o Common Downlink Logical Channels
o BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel) n Broadcasts cell site and system identification to all UE
o PCCH (Paging Control Channel) n Transmits paging information to a UE when the UE’s location is unknown
o CCCH (Common Control Channel) n Transmits control information to a UE when there is no RRC Connection
o SHCCH (Shared Channel Control Channel) n Control channel associated with shared traffic channels (TDD mode only)
o CTCH (Common Traffic Channel) n Traffic channel for sending traffic to a group of UE’s.
o Dedicated Downlink Logical Channels
o DCCH (Dedicated Control Channel) n Transmits control information to a UE when there is a RRC Connection
o DTCH (Dedicated Traffic Channel) n Traffic channel dedicated to one UE
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 52
Logical channels: uplink o Common Uplink Logical Channels
o CCCH (Common Control Channel) n Common signalingg channel in the uplink
o Dedicated Uplink Logical Channels
o DCCH (Dedicated Control Channel) n Transmits control information from UE
o DTCH (Dedicated Traffic Channel) n Traffic channel dedicated to one UE
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 53
Transport channels: downlink o Common Downlink Transport Channels
o BCH (Broadcast Channel) n Continuous transmission of system and cell information
o PCH (Paging Channel) n Carries control information to UE when location is unknown n Pending activity indicated by the PICH (paging indication channel)
o FACH (Forward Access Channel) n Used for transmission of idle-mode control information to a UE n No closed-loop power control
o DSCH (Downlink Shared Channel) n Carries dedicated control and/or traffic data; shared by several UE’s
o Dedicated Downlink Transport Channels o DCH (Dedicated Channel)
n Carries dedicated traffic and control data to one UE
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 54
Transport channels: uplink
o Common Uplink Transport Channels n RACH Random Access Channel
o Carries access requests, control information, short data o Uses only open-loop power control o Subject to random access collisions
n CPCH Uplink Common Packet Channel o Carries connectionless packet data to PCPH
o Dedicated Uplink Transport Channels n DCH Dedicated Channel
o Carries dedicated traffic and control data from one UE
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 55
TFCI Data TPC Data
10 ms radio frame
0 1 2 14
2560 chips
Pilot
DPCH - Downlink
TPC: Transmit Power Control TFCI: Transport Format Combination Indicator
(DPCH = Dedicated Physical Channel)
(Dedicated Physical Data/Control Channel)
Data
Pilot TFCI FBI TPC
DPDCH (I-branch)
10 ms radio frame (38400 chips)
0 1 2 14
2560 chips
DPCCH (Q-branch)
Dual-channel QPSK modulation:
DPDCH/DPCCH
FBI: Feedback Information TPC: Transmit Power Control TFCI: Transport Format Combination Indicator
Iu
Iur
Iub
Iub
DRNC
SRNC
UE
BS
BS
RNC
RNC
Leg 1
Leg 3
Signal combining point is in SRNC (downlink: in UE)
BS Leg 2
Core network
Soft handover
Iu
Iur
Iub
Iub
DRNC
SRNC
UE
BS
BS
RNC
RNC Macrodiversity combining point in
SRNC
Core network
Rake receiver
Multipath propagation
Microdiversity combining point in base station
Micro/Macro diversity
High Speed data services HSPA
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 60
Releases 3GGP for UMTS o Release 99
n UMTS con servizi voce e dati base o Release 5
n HSDPA o Release 6
n HSUPA o Release 7
n HSPA+ con 64 QAM o Release 8
n HSPA+ con 2x2 MIMO o Release 9/10
n HSPA+ Multicarrier
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 61
Data services – UMTS Rel. 99
o Maximum Throughput DL: 2 Mbps (with 4 channel at 768 kbps with SF4)
o Throughput DL : 384 kbps o Latency between 100 and 200 ms
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 62
UMTS vs HSDPA
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 63
10 ms
2 ms
Dedicated channels
High speed shared channel Feedback on channel quality
Data services - Rel. 5: HSDPA
o Peak throughput DL 14 Mbps o HSDPA vs. UMTS
n Higher order modulation n Variable coding
o Main characteristics n High data rate physical channels n Small TTI n Fast Scheduling n User Diversity n Higher order modulation (16 QAM) n Flexibility to radio channel adaptation n Fast HARQ
o These technical solutions allow to react quickly to channel variations n Increasing throughput n Low delay
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 64
HSDPA - HS-PDSCH
o The new channel introduced by HSDPA is the HS-PDSCH (High Speed – Physical Downlink Shared Channel) with SF 16
o 5 MHz → 15 HS-PDSCH o The time granularity for resource assignment
(TTI) is also transmitted to 2 ms o Each user, every 2 ms, can use a variable
number of channels (fino a 15) of HS-PDSCH
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 65
HSDPA transmission scheme
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 66
High Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH) High Speed Signalling Control Channel (HS-SCCH) High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS-DPCCH)
Scheduling in HSDPA o The dynamic resource allocation by the scheduler
(per 2ms TTI) is signaled to the users on a new downlink control channel called High Speed Signalling Control Channel (HS-SCCH).
o The following information is carried on the HS-SCCH: n UE Identity (UE ID) via a UE specific CRC which allows
addressing specific UEs on the shared control channel. n Transport Format and Resource Indicator (TFRI) which
identifies the scheduled resource and its transmission format.
n Hybrid-ARQ-related information to identify redundancy versions for the combining process.
o Each user can monitor up to 4 HS-SCCHs. A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 67
Scheduling in HSDPA
o For the support of channel based scheduling and HARQ the following feedback signaling is transmitted on the High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS-DPCCH) in the uplink: n Channel Quality Information (CQI) to inform the
scheduler about the instantaneous channel condition. n HARQ ACK/NACK information to let the sender know the
outcome of the decoding process and to request retransmissions.
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 68
HSDPA – Fast Scheduling
o TTI equal to 2 ms
o The radio resources could be assigned to the user with the best channel
o This would be a unfair but channel variations among users are uniformly experienced.
o The scheduler in any case allows to guarantee quality
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 69
HSDPA - Modulations
o QPSK (2 bits per symbol) [UMTS-R99]
o 16 QAM (4 bits per symbol)
o Adaptive modulation
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 70
HSDPA – Link Adaptation and HARQ
o Fast Link Adaptation
n Based on channel coding FEC codes with different rates
are adopted
o HARQ (Fast Hybrid Automatic Repeat Req)
n FAST : managed by NodeB and not by BSC/RNC
n HYBRID : Transmissions and retransmissions are
combined together to increase information rate
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 71
HSDPA - Terminals
o There are different types of HSDPA terminals n Number of HS-PDSCH supported n Buffer size for soft-combining n Supported modulations and rate
o Throughput classes 1.2, 7.2, 14.4 Mbps
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 72
Data services Rel. 6 - HSUPA o USUPA improves performance for the uplink o The new characteristics are similar to those of HSDPA for
the downlink o Introduction of the Enhanced Dedicated Physical
Channel (in HSDPA this was Shared) o TTI of 2 ms o Scheduling in the NodeB o Fast Hybrid ARQ o Latency of 30 – 70 ms o It could be used even without the HSDPA o Additional terminal categories with maximum throughput
of 2 and 5 Mbps
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 73
HSDPA vs HSUPA o HSUPA brings some of the advanced
functionalities of HSDPA in the uplink
o In particular, evolved Data Channel (eDCH) is introduced
o Differently from HSDPA, HSUPA uses power control (range of 70dB)
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 74
HSUPA channels
o For the support of the new functionality several new physical channels were introduced. n E-DPDCH: E-DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel
for dedicated uplink data transmission. During data transmission so-called Scheduling Information such as buffer status, data priority and power headroom can be piggybacked.
n E-DPCCH: E-DCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel with the associated control data for E-DPDCH detection and decoding. For the support of the scheduler there is a Happy Bit that informs if the UE has sufficient resources for transmission.
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 75
HSUPA channels
n … n E-HICH: E-DCH HARQ Acknowledgement Indicator
Channel to transmit HARQ feed- back information (ACK/NACK)
n E-RGCH: E-DCH Relative Grant Channel to grant dedicated resources (up, down, hold) to a UE
n E-AGCH: E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel is a shared channel that allocates an absolute re- source for one or several UE.
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 76
HSUPA transmission scheme
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 77
Based on the rate request (Scheduling In- formation or Happy Bit) the Node B may respond with a resource allocation via the absolute or a relative grant. The UE will use the grant for data transmission and the Node B will acknowledge the received packets.
Scheduling in HSUPA
o The NodeB selects the data rate to use base on the feedback received by the UE
o Decisions on scheduling are taken by the NodeB based on the QoS parameters of all connections
o The NodeB also manages retransmissions, using advanced techniques for storing and recombining packets that are partially correctly received
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 78
UMTS Release 7 – HSPA+ o HSPA+ Release 7 includes
n HSDPA and HSUPA (HSPA)
n 2x2 MIMO
n Higher order modulations (DL 32 QAM )
n Continuous Packet Connectivity
o HSPA+ and LTE performance in term of throughput and spectral efficiency are comparable
o Throughput max DL: 21 Mbps
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 79
UMTS Release 8 – HSPA+
o HSPA+ Release 8 includes n 2x2 MIMO
n Higher order modulation (DL 64 QAM ) n Continuous Packet Connectivity
o It’s the last step of the evolution of UMTS data services in 3GPP
o Throughput max DL: 42 Mbps (2x2 MIMO) o Throughput max UL: 11.5 Mbps
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 80
HSPA+ network architecture
o The concept of flat network (then used in LTE) is introduced in HSPA+
o Through a tunnel, the User Plane uses a direct connection from NodeB to GGSN without crossing RNC and SGSN
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 81
HSPA+ MIMO
o Multi-antenna techniques allows to exploit multi-paths between transmitter and receiver
o In particular, MIMO techniques allow to transmit multiple flows on different radio paths increasing the throughput
A. Capone: Mobile Radio Networks 82
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