Mooring Operations
PRINCIPLES OF MOORING
• Forces acting on a moored vessel• Wind and current• Interaction with passing ships• Tidal rise and fall and change of draft or trim due to cargo operations• Waves
INTERACTION WITH PASSING SHIPS:
When a ship passes close to a ship moored fore and aft,the interaction between the vessels will often cause the moored vessel to “range on her moorings”. Hence the moorings need to be kept taut.
1
Stern repelled
2
Surge astern
3
Surge ahead
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RptiNLQM3Ww
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9jwb0-r0haw
TIDAL RISE AND FALL/ CHANGE OF DRAFT OR TRIM DUETO CARGO OPERATIONS
Breast lines provide the maximum transverse restraint and spring lines provide maximum longitudinal restraints.
The Classification society will specify the minimum number of mooringline and minimum size which the particular ship should have.
• The vertical dip of a Mooring Linedip
WIND AND CURRENT:
The forces acting on the vessel depend upon :
• Wind speed and direction• Under keel clearance and vessels draft• Construction of the berth, as piles and underwater obstructions can slow the flow, with a build up of pressure at the face of berth.This force will tend to move the vessel away from the berth.
POSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF LINES
• Mooring lines should be arranged as symmetric as possible about the midship point.
• Breast should be positioned as perpendicular as possible to the longitudinal centre line of the ship.
• Spring lines should be as parallel as possible to the longitudinal centre line of the vessel.
• The vertical dip of the mooring line should be as low as possible.
• All mooring lines should preferably be of the same size and of the same material if leading to the same bitt.
• Short lengths should be avoided.
IDENTIFICATION OF MOORING LINES
Stern Line
Breast Line
Head Line
Aft Spring
Forward spring
Rollerfairlead
Bitts
Mooring winch
Drum end
Brake
Pedestalfairlead
Synthetic rope tail
DECK MOORING FITTINGS
1. Panama Leads
2. Roller fairlead
3. Pedestal fairlead
4. Multi-Angled Fairleads
5. Bollards and Mooring Bits
Name the parts
Quick Release Hooks
Hooks can be released manually or automatically by push button from a remote location
Avoids exposing personnel to mooring lines under tension
Connecting a tug to a safety Bit
Disconnecting a tug using a safety Bit
Offshore towing operations using ‘Shark Jaws and towing pins’
MOORING MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT
• Winches/ Capstans
• Warping winch
• Mooring winch
• Undivided drum
• Divided drum winch
• Self tension winches
Hydraulic Tugger Winch
Product Description Vessel Winch specifications: 1) Drive: Electric / hydraulic 2) Configuration: Single or double drum with / without warping end 3) Wire drum: Steel wire rope drum 4) Rated pull (1st layer): 3 to 30MT 5) Brake: Holding 1.5 times the rated pull (static, first layer) 6) Wire speed: Up to 20 m/min
Capstan
Warping Drum
MOORING OPERATIONS
Preparations:
• Prepare heaving lines, messenger lines,fenders,stoppers.
• Unlash mooring lines from stowed position and keep ready adjacent to their work area.
• A mooring line which has to be sent out quickly should be faked out on deck.
• Try out winches and windlass and lubricate if necessary.
• Grease all roller fairleads. Make sure working space is clear.
• Test all means of communications with bridge.
BERTHING / UNBERTHING
• Use of a mooring boat or if close enough, use heaving line.
• Securing of mooring line on board.
• Use of stoppers, to transfer mooring line on to bits/bollards.
• Do not use nylon stoppers, due to excessive stretch.
• On wire ropes, use chain stoppers with rope tail .
• Use of rat guards once all lines are made fast.
SAFETY IN MOORING OPERATIONS
• Use of PPE (gloves,helmet,safety shoes…)• Avoid wearing loose clothing ,jewellery .. Could snag.• Keep working area free from oil or grease.• Do not stand in a coil, loop or bight of rope.• Stand clear of lines under tension. Ref . Diag.• Do only one job at a time .• Do not stand too close to a winch drum or bits when holding on to lines under tension.• Never leave winches or windlass running without an operator in attendance at all times.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=Ms0XcxHHgEs&feature=endscreen
SNAP BACK DANGER ZONE
Point of break
Point of break
Point of restraint Danger zone
Fairlead
Point ofrestraint
Danger zone
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIa7WhN60Bk&feature=related
Mooring stoppers
Stopper line
Dangers of mooring operationsRisk assessment of mooring stations
A risk assessment should be made of all mooring areas on board; looking at the space with a view of purposely searching for hazards that may cause injury. Mooring areas naturally contain many trip
hazards, and highlighting these is a good starting point.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xUxgKW3AJLw
END
ATSB Report after Foot Severed During Mooring
On 28 June 2014, the 327 m long bulk carrier Julia N entered the port of Port Hedland, Western Australia, and was manoeuvred alongside Anderson Point number two berth by the pilot with the assistance of four tugs.
At 3:21 in the afternoon, when it had been confirmed that the ship was in position, the pilot called the master of the tug at the stern of the ship to come in and retrieve its tow line. When the tug was in position, the pilot asked Julia N’s master to instruct the aft mooring team (second mate and two seamen) to let go the tug’s tow line.
As the tow line was retrieved, a seaman’s right leg somehow became entangled in the messenger line. He was then dragged about 4 metres across the deck and into the rollers of the fairlead. When his legs entered the fairlead the messenger line came under tension and it severed the seaman’s right foot. At 1644, the helicopter departed with the injured seaman. He was taken to the Port Hedland Hospital, where he was provided with medical treatment.
ANCHORS AND EQUIPMENT
The original plough anchor was the CQR (secure) and was for many years the anchor of choice for cruising yachts.
They perform well in a variety of conditions with good holding power. Generally they reset well. They can have difficulty penetrating weedy bottoms and don’t hold well in soft mud.
Plough
STOCKLESS ANCHOR
Anchor shackle
Shank
Bill
Arm
Tripping palm
Fluke
Head
Crown
KENTER LINK
ANCHOR CABLE
MARKINGS ON THE ANCHOR CABLE
NO 1 SHACKLE
NO 2SHACKLE
BITTER END
BITER END
PREVENTERS AND STOPPERS
ANCHOR LASHING
WINDLASS
ARRANGEMENT FROM ANCHOR TO CHAIN LOCKER
Spurling Pipe
Gypsy
stopper
Hawse Pipe
Cable
Brake
ANCHOR PREPARATIONS
Hawse Pipe
Controls
Mooring styles
• Single Anchor
• Running Mooring
• Open Mooring
• Mooring Buoy
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Keep working area free of oil and grease Sufficient lighting, hand torch Wear PPE Do not stand in direct line of the anchor cable Do not operate machinery if unsure with controls Operate only if instructed to do so Communicate with the bridge Look over the side before letting go the anchor
Offshore towing operations using ‘Shark Jaws and towing pins’
END