Monitoring storage efficiency during CO2 injection for enhanced oil recovery in depleted oilfields
Ashwin PasumartiSrikanta MishraAndrew BurchwellSanjay MawalkarNeeraj GuptaRick Pardini
1 11th Monitoring Network Meeting ● June 13th - 15th, 2017Traverse City, Michigan, USA
Outline Review of Concepts: Storage in Deep Saline Aquifer vs EOR Depletion - Storage Capacity Relationship
Performance Metrics Storage Efficiency Factor Excess Storage Capacity
Dashboard Development
Key Takeaways
11th Monitoring Network Meeting ● June 13th - 15th, 2017Traverse City, Michigan, USA2
CO2 Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers
CO2 injection into an aquifer creates a plume.
Pressure profile generated.
All injected CO2 is stored either in supercritical state or by dissolution into the brine.
Bachu, S., 2015, Review of CO 2 storage efficiency in deep saline aquifers: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, v. 40, p. 188-202.
11th Monitoring Network Meeting ● June 13th - 15th, 2017Traverse City, Michigan, USA3
CO2-EOR & Storage
CO2-EOR is a proven and an economically-viable enhanced oil recovery technique.
Incidental CO2 storage occurs with oil recovery.
Synergistic opportunity for CCUS.
Monitoring CO2-storage to quantify the relationship between storage capacity and voidage.
11th Monitoring Network Meeting ● June 13th - 15th, 2017Traverse City, Michigan, USA4
11th Monitoring Network Meeting ● June 13th - 15th, 2017Traverse City, Michigan, USA
Oil
Oil
Gas
Oil
GasOil
P = PiPi > Pb
P = PoPo << Pb Pi < P < Pb
Depletion CO2 Injection
Natural Gas CO2
Natural Gas CO2
From Depletion to Injection
5
Hydrocarbon Pore Volume (HCPV)
General Material Balance Equation
Gas
CO2
Oil
CO2-in-Gas-Phase Volume
Associated Gas Volume
Oil Volume
+
+
=
Production Void space for CO2
∗ , ,
, ∗ ∗ , ∗ ,
∗ ,
Pressure-dependent fluid properties
CO2Capacity
11th Monitoring Network Meeting ● June 13th - 15th, 2017Traverse City, Michigan, USA
∗ ,
+
6
11th Monitoring Network Meeting ● June 13th - 15th, 2017Traverse City, Michigan, USA
Study Area: Example Application
DOE initiative to advance field-scale deployment of CCUS in Northern Michigan
Ongoing CO2 injection of 1 million metric tons alongside EOR + monitoring
6 depleted oilfields under study
Partnership with Core Energy, LLC Injection-ready CO2 Surface infrastructure
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Quantifying Storage Efficiency
The quantity of CO2 injection required to store each unit of CO2
11th Monitoring Network Meeting ● June 13th - 15th, 2017Traverse City, Michigan, USA
Reciprocal of CO2-retention
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Illustration: Storage Efficiency Ratio
11th Monitoring Network Meeting ● June 13th - 15th, 2017Traverse City, Michigan, USA9
Quantifying Storage Capacity
Storage capacity estimate
CO2 stored in the reservoir
Oil Rate
This estimate represents the upper limit of CO2 -storage capacity, assuming the reservoir was re-pressurized to discovery pressure.
11th Monitoring Network Meeting ● June 13th - 15th, 2017Traverse City, Michigan, USA10
Illustration: Excess Storage Capacity
11th Monitoring Network Meeting ● June 13th - 15th, 2017Traverse City, Michigan, USA11
Other Performance Metrics
Summary of production data Historical flow rates Cumulative production data
EOR performance trends Incremental oil recovery efficiency CO2 storage efficiency Net CO2 utilization factor
Operationalperformance trends Voidage replacement ratio Producing CO2-Oil ratio
Storage performance trends Incremental oil recovery factor
vs CO2 storage CO2 storage capacity vs
voidage
11th Monitoring Network Meeting ● June 13th - 15th, 2017Traverse City, Michigan, USA12
Reef-scale Monitoring: Dover 33
11th Monitoring Network Meeting ● June 13th - 15th, 2017Traverse City, Michigan, USA
Oil Rate vs Time Cumulative Volumes vs Time Δ Recovery vs HCPV’s Injected
Voidage Ratio vs Time Δ Recovery vs Storage Net Utilization Factor vs HCPV’s Injected
Producing GOR vs Time
Storage vs Total Produced VolumeStorage Efficiency Factor vs HCPV’s Injected
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Comparative Performance Dashboard
11th Monitoring Network Meeting ● June 13th - 15th, 2017Traverse City, Michigan, USA14
Key Takeaways
Monitoring data (pressure and injection volumes) has been analyzed to make inferences about CO2 storage performance.
Material balance techniques may be applied to quantify the storage capacity of a reef.
The Storage Efficiency Ratio is an efficiency metric quantifying the amount of CO2 injection required to store each unit of CO2.
Excel-based dashboard tool enables rapid comparison and ranking of reef storage performance, using multiple metrics.
11th Monitoring Network Meeting ● June 13th - 15th, 2017Traverse City, Michigan, USA15
Acknowledgements
Funding for this study was provided by the Midwest Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (MRCSP). MRCSP is supported by U.S. Department
of Energy-National Energy Technology Laboratory Agreement No. DE-FC26-0NT42589 with co-funding provided by the Ohio Development Services Agency (for regional research in Ohio), Core Energy, LLC, and several other partners.
16 11th Monitoring Network Meeting ● June 13th - 15th, 2017Traverse City, Michigan, USA
800.201.2011 | [email protected] | www.battelle.org
Input RequirementsField-level historical oil and gas produced volumes
Field-level current oil, gas and CO2 injection/production volumes
Original oil in place, OOIP, STB
Original reservoir pressure, or discovery pressure, Pr – psi
Fluid properties calculated at discovery pressure:CO2 Formation Volume Factor , Bg,CO2 - rcf/scfGas Formation Volume Factor, Bg - rcf/scfOil Formation Volume Factor, Bo - RB/STBSolution Gas-Oil Ratio, Rs - Mscf/STBCO2-Oil Solution Gas-Oil Ratio, Rs, CO2 - Mscf/STB
Remove??
11th Monitoring Network Meeting ● June 13th - 15th, 2017Traverse City, Michigan, USA
Dover 33: Storage Capacity Confirmation that CO2 -
EOR has reached point of diminishing returns.
Expanding gas-cap Reservoir begins to re-pressurize toward discovery pressure
~370,000 MT of CO2storage capacity has been created.
11th Monitoring Network Meeting ● June 13th - 15th, 2017Traverse City, Michigan, USA
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