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LEADERSHIP
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LEADERSHIP
DEFINITION
Leadership is the process ofLeadership is the process of
influencing the activities of aninfluencing the activities of anorganized group in its efforts towardorganized group in its efforts towardgoal setting and goal achievement .goal setting and goal achievement .
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Leadership DefinitionLeadership Definition Key ElementsKey Elements
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Leadership DefinitionLeadership Definition KeyKey
ElementsElementsLeader-Follower: The influencing process is between leaders and followers, not just a leaderinfluencing followers; its a two way process.
Influence : Influencing is the process of a leader communicating ideas, gaining acceptance
of them, and motivating followers to support and implement the ideas through
change.
Organizational Objectives : High performance leaders influence followers to think not only of their own
interests, but the interest of the organization. Leadership occurs when followers
are influenced to do what is ethical and beneficial for the organization and
themselves.
Change :
Influencing and setting objectives is about change. Organizations need tocontinually change, in adapting to the rapidly changing global environment.
People : Although the term people is not specifically mentioned in the above definition of
Leadership, after reading about the other elements, one can realize that
leadership is about leading people.
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Effective LeadershipEffective Leadership
Leaders with the power and personal traits to be effective in a
leadership situation can lead by taking four sets of actions:
Providing a vision.Providing a vision. Thinking like a leader.Thinking like a leader.
Using the right leadership style.Using the right leadership style.
Using organizational behavior leadership skills.Using organizational behavior leadership skills.
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Leader Vs ManagerLeader Vs ManagerPersonalityPersonality
DimensionDimension
ManagerManager LeaderLeader
Attitudes towardAttitudes toward
goalsgoals
Impersonal, passive,Impersonal, passive,
functional; goals arise out offunctional; goals arise out of
necessity, realitynecessity, reality
Personal, active, goals arisePersonal, active, goals arise
from desire, imaginationfrom desire, imagination
Conceptions ofConceptions ofworkwork
Combines people, ideas,Combines people, ideas,
things; seeks moderate riskthings; seeks moderate risk
Looks for fresh approachesLooks for fresh approaches
to old problems; seeks highto old problems; seeks high
riskrisk
RelationshipsRelationships
with otherswith others
Prefers to work with others;Prefers to work with others;
avoids close relationships andavoids close relationships and
conflictsconflicts
Comfortable in solitaryComfortable in solitary
work; encourages closework; encourages close
relationships, not averse torelationships, not averse toconflictconflict
Sense of selfSense of self Accepts life as it is;Accepts life as it is;unquestioningunquestioning
Questions life; struggles forQuestions life; struggles for
sense of ordersense of order
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Leadership Managerial RolesLeadership Managerial Roles
InterpersonalInterpersonal
RolesRoles
InformationalInformational
RolesRoles
DecisionalDecisional
RolesRoles
FigureheadFigurehead MonitorMonitor EntrepreneurEntrepreneur
LeaderLeader DisseminatorDisseminator DisturbanceDisturbance
handlerhandler
LiaisonLiaison SpokeSpoke--personperson Resource allocatorResource allocator
NegotiatorNegotiator
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CONCEPT OF LEADERSHIP
Managers are people who do things right, while leaders are peoplewho do the right thing.
'Leadership is all about courage to dream big.
Leadership is a complex process by which a person influences othersto accomplish a mission, task, or objective and directs the organization
in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent
Leadership makes people want to achieve high goals and objectives,
while, on the other hand, bosses tell people to accomplish a task or
objective.
Leadership can be used for good or ill
Leadership skills can be perverted to pursue bad ends
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CHARACTERISTICS OF LEADERSHIP
Co-existence with follower ship
Responsibility
Understanding nature
Precedence
Situation
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CoCo--existence with follower ship :existence with follower ship :
a leader cannot exist without followersa leader cannot exist without followers
existing.existing.A leader exercises authority over theA leader exercises authority over the
group, and it should be willingly acceptedgroup, and it should be willingly acceptedby his followers.by his followers.
Leadership is not conferred or ordered butLeadership is not conferred or ordered butis one to be earnedis one to be earned
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Responsibility:Responsibility:
a leader is expected to assume fulla leader is expected to assume fullresponsibility in all situations.responsibility in all situations.
he must steer the group clear of allhe must steer the group clear of alldifficulties.difficulties.
he has to assume responsibility for allhe has to assume responsibility for all
actions of the group.actions of the group.
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Understanding nature:Understanding nature:
important characteristic feature of leadership isimportant characteristic feature of leadership isits nature to understand the feelings andits nature to understand the feelings and
problems of the group as a whole as well as theproblems of the group as a whole as well as theindividuals.individuals.
guide a leader is looked upon as a friend and aguide a leader is looked upon as a friend and aphilosopher.philosopher.
a leader should strive to satisfy the personal anda leader should strive to satisfy the personal andsocial needs of his followers, which is very muchsocial needs of his followers, which is very muchexpected by themexpected by them
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Precedence:Precedence:
Since the leader influences the behaviorSince the leader influences the behavior
and the activities of the followers heand the activities of the followers heshould be endowed with the technicalshould be endowed with the technicalcompetence and personality traits.competence and personality traits.
He should also be well aware of his ownHe should also be well aware of his ownpreferences and limitations to impresspreferences and limitations to impressupon his followersupon his followers
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Situation:Situation:
Leadership patterns changes according toLeadership patterns changes according to
the type of group and the situation inthe type of group and the situation inwhich the group is operating.which the group is operating.
A leader should know on the role to beA leader should know on the role to beadopted on different situationsadopted on different situations
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IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP
1. Initiates action
2. Motivation
3. Providing guidance
4.Creating confidence
5. Building morale
6. Builds work environment
7.Co-ordination
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Initiates action
Leader communicates the policies andplans to the subordinates from where thework actually starts.
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Motivation
A leader motivates the employees witheconomic and non- economic rewardsand thereby gets the work from thesubordinates.
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Providing guidance
A leader guides by instructing the subordinates
the way they have to perform their workeffectively and efficiently.
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Creating confidence
Confidence is an important factor which can be
achieved through expressing the work efforts tothe subordinates, explaining them clearly theirrole and giving them guidelines to achieve thegoals effectively.
It is also important to hear the employees withregards to their complaints and problems.
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Building morale
A leader can be a morale booster by achieving
full co-operation so that they perform with bestof their abilities as they work to achieve goals.
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Builds work environment
Management is getting things done frompeople. An efficient work environmenthelps in sound and stable growth.Heshould listen to his subordinates problemsand solve them.
He should treat employees onhumanitarian terms.
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Co-ordination
Co-ordination can be achieved through reconciling
personal interests with organizational goals. Thissynchronization can be achieved through properand effective co-ordination which should beprimary motive of a leader.
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IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP IN
AN ORGANISATION
Leadership and human behavior
Leadership and Communication
Leadership and motivation
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Leadership and human behavior
Human nature is the comman qualities of all
people have similar needs .
A leader must understand these needs becausethey are powerful motivators.
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Leadership and Communication
Communication is very important
because a leader coach, coordinate,counsel, evaluate, and supervisethrough this process.
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Leadership and motivation
A person's motivation is a combination of desire and
energy directed at achieving a goal.
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Autocratic:Autocratic: An autocratic leader is one whoAn autocratic leader is one whocommands and expects compliance. He is dogmatic andcommands and expects compliance. He is dogmatic andpositive and leads by his ability to withhold or givepositive and leads by his ability to withhold or give
rewards and punishments.rewards and punishments.
Participative orParticipative or supportive:supportive:TheThe participative orparticipative orsupportive leadershipsupportive leadership behaviourbehaviour is based on theis based on theassumption that people essentially want to participate,assumption that people essentially want to participate,
want to accomplish and will work well if generalwant to accomplish and will work well if generalsupervision is employed and where they are allowed tosupervision is employed and where they are allowed touse their own initiative and support is given whileuse their own initiative and support is given whileaccomplishing their task.accomplishing their task.
Instrumental or instrumentalInstrumental or instrumentalsupportive:supportive:InstrumentalInstrumental behaviourbehaviour of leadershipof leadershipemphasizes the leaders role as a manager in the rationalemphasizes the leaders role as a manager in the rationalaspects of management namely planning, organizing,aspects of management namely planning, organizing,controlling etc.controlling etc.
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Transactional LeadersTransactional Leaders
Clarify the role and task requirementsClarify the role and task requirements
of subordinatesof subordinates Initiate structureInitiate structure
Provide appropriate rewardsProvide appropriate rewards
Display consideration for subordinatesDisplay consideration for subordinates
Meet the social needs of subordinatesMeet the social needs of subordinates
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Charismatic LeadersCharismatic Leaders
The ability to inspireThe ability to inspire
Motivate people to do more than theyMotivate people to do more than they
would normally dowould normally do Tend to be less predictable thanTend to be less predictable than
transactional leaderstransactional leaders
Create an atmosphere of changeCreate an atmosphere of change MayMay be obsessed by visionary ideasbe obsessed by visionary ideas
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Transformational LeaderTransformational Leader
Similar to charismatic leadersSimilar to charismatic leaders Distinguished by their special ability to bringDistinguished by their special ability to bring
about innovation and change byabout innovation and change by
Recognizing followers needs and concernsRecognizing followers needs and concerns
Helping them look at old problems in newHelping them look at old problems in newwaysways
Encouraging them to question the status quoEncouraging them to question the status quo
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TEAM LEADER:TEAM LEADER:
Leadership is increasingly taking place within aLeadership is increasingly taking place within ateam context. The role of team leader isteam context. The role of team leader is
different from the traditional leadership role. Thedifferent from the traditional leadership role. Thechallenge for most managers is learning how tochallenge for most managers is learning how tobecome an effective team leader. There are fourbecome an effective team leader. There are fourbasic team leadership roles: team leaders arebasic team leadership roles: team leaders are
liaisons with external constituencies,liaisons with external constituencies,troubleshooters, conflict managers and coachestroubleshooters, conflict managers and coaches
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LEADERSHIP STYLES
Leadership styles refer to a leaders
behaviour.
It is the result of the philosophy,
personality and experience of the leader.
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Kurt Lewin's Leadership styles
Autocratic
Democratic
Laissez Faire
Functional
Institutional
Paternalistic
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Autocratic Leader:Autocratic Leader:
An Autocratic leader will not entertain anyAn Autocratic leader will not entertain anysuggestions or initiative fromsuggestions or initiative fromsubordinates. Under this type ofsubordinates. Under this type ofleadership, one person decides for theleadership, one person decides for thewhole group. An autocratic leader doeswhole group. An autocratic leader doesnot trust anybody.not trust anybody.
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MeritsMerits::
It helps to make quick decisionsIt helps to make quick decisions
I
nefficient and insincere workers can easily beI
nefficient and insincere workers can easily beidentifiedidentified
DemeritsDemerits
It kills initiatives for work and results inIt kills initiatives for work and results in
frustration among workers.frustration among workers. It often gives scope for conflicts between theIt often gives scope for conflicts between the
leader and his followersleader and his followers
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Participative or Democratic Leader:Participative or Democratic Leader:
A democratic leader can win the cooperation of hisA democratic leader can win the cooperation of hisgroup and can motivate them effectively andgroup and can motivate them effectively andpositively.positively.
MeritsMerits
The decision finally made is mutually accepted.The decision finally made is mutually accepted. It improves the job attitudes of the subIt improves the job attitudes of the sub--ordinateordinate
staff.staff.
DemeritsDemerits
this leadership is suitable only if the subordinatesthis leadership is suitable only if the subordinatesare all capable of making worthwhile suggestions.are all capable of making worthwhile suggestions.
It may, sometimes be very difficult to evolve aIt may, sometimes be very difficult to evolve asolution that is acceptable to everyone.solution that is acceptable to everyone.
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Laissez Faire or Free Rein Leader:Laissez Faire or Free Rein Leader:
A free rein leader will leave the group entirely toA free rein leader will leave the group entirely toitself such as a leader allows maximum freedom toitself such as a leader allows maximum freedom tosubordinates.subordinates.
MeritsMerits
1. The superior subordinate relationship is found to1. The superior subordinate relationship is found tobe very good.be very good.
Highly efficient subordinates, can make use of theHighly efficient subordinates, can make use of thefreedom given to them to excel.freedom given to them to excel.
DemeritsDemerits Control may become difficult As the leader does notControl may become difficult As the leader does not
involve himself at all in the activities.involve himself at all in the activities.
The subordinates are deprived of the expert adviceThe subordinates are deprived of the expert advice
and moral support of their leader.and moral support of their leader.
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Functional Leader:Functional Leader: A functional leader is one who is an expert in aA functional leader is one who is an expert in a
particular field of activity. Such a leader alwaysparticular field of activity. Such a leader alwaysthinks of the task he has undertaken and spendsthinks of the task he has undertaken and spendsmost of his time finding out ways and means ofmost of his time finding out ways and means of
doing it better.doing it better.
MeritsMerits
The very presence of an expert is beneficial to theThe very presence of an expert is beneficial to the
followers and the organisation.followers and the organisation. the subordinates can certainly enrich their jobthe subordinates can certainly enrich their job
knowledge and skill.knowledge and skill.
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Institutional Leader:Institutional Leader:
An institutional leader is one who has becomeAn institutional leader is one who has becomea leader by virtue of his official position in thea leader by virtue of his official position in theorganisational hierarchy. An institutional leaderorganisational hierarchy. An institutional leadermay not be an expert in his field of activity.may not be an expert in his field of activity.
MeritsMerits
He has official authority to act.He has official authority to act.
He may initiate action against a subordinateHe may initiate action against a subordinatewho is shirking duties.who is shirking duties.
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DemeritsDemerits
He will not be in a position to offer properHe will not be in a position to offer properguidance to his followers because he may notguidance to his followers because he may notbe an expert in his field of activity.be an expert in his field of activity.
Although the leader has the official right toAlthough the leader has the official right to
demand performance from his followers, hedemand performance from his followers, hemay not have the moral rightmay not have the moral right
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Paternalistic Leader:Paternalistic Leader: A paternalistic leader takes care of hisA paternalistic leader takes care of his
followers in the way the head of the familyfollowers in the way the head of the familytakes care of the family memberstakes care of the family members
MeritsMerits
He assumes a paternal role to protect his subHe assumes a paternal role to protect his sub--ordinates.ordinates.
He is always ready to provide the necessaryHe is always ready to provide the necessary
physical amenities to the subphysical amenities to the sub--ordinatesordinatesDemeritsDemerits
He is not in a position to offer intellectualHe is not in a position to offer intellectualhelp to his followers.help to his followers.
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DemeritsDemerits
The functional leader will not be able to goThe functional leader will not be able to godown to the level of an average worker anddown to the level of an average worker andoffer any help.offer any help.
Misunderstandings may also arise between theMisunderstandings may also arise between the
leader and his followers.leader and his followers.
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IMPORTANT KEYS FORIMPORTANT KEYS FORLEADERSHIPLEADERSHIP
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IMPORTANT KEYS FORIMPORTANT KEYS FORLEADERSHIPLEADERSHIP
Trust and confidence in top leadership isTrust and confidence in top leadership isthe single most reliable predictor ofthe single most reliable predictor of
employee satisfaction in an organization.employee satisfaction in an organization. Effective communication by leadership inEffective communication by leadership in
the critical areas is the key to winningthe critical areas is the key to winningorganizational trust and confidence:organizational trust and confidence:
Helping employees understand theHelping employees understand thecompany's overall business strategy.company's overall business strategy.
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Helping employees understand how theyHelping employees understand how theycontribute to achieving key businesscontribute to achieving key businessobjectives.objectives.
Sharing information with employees onSharing information with employees onboth how the company is doing and howboth how the company is doing and howan employee's own division is doingan employee's own division is doing
relative to strategic business objectives.relative to strategic business objectives.
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LEADERSHIP SECRETSLEADERSHIP SECRETS
1. DECISIVENESS IS KEY1. DECISIVENESS IS KEY((LALIT KHAITANLALIT KHAITAN, Chairman and Managing, Chairman and ManagingDirector, Radico khaitan)Director, Radico khaitan)
The most distinguished trait that defines aThe most distinguished trait that defines agood leader is the willingness to makegood leader is the willingness to makedecisions that are need of the hour nodecisions that are need of the hour nomatter how difficult they may be. And thematter how difficult they may be. And themost significant component of suchmost significant component of suchdecisiondecision--making is selfmaking is self--confidence.confidence.
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2.VISIONARY LEADERSHIP2.VISIONARY LEADERSHIP((B.MUTHURAMANB.MUTHURAMAN, Managing Director,, Managing Director,Tata steel)Tata steel)
The ability to create a shared vision amongThe ability to create a shared vision amongteam members is the primary trait of ateam members is the primary trait of atrue leader.true leader.
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3. RELATE AND RULE3. RELATE AND RULE((N.LAKSHMI NARAYANN.LAKSHMI NARAYAN, CEO AND, CEO ANDPresident, Cognizant TechnologyPresident, Cognizant TechnologySolutions)Solutions)
Good leadership is the ability to recognizeGood leadership is the ability to recognizeall the factors that would make the leaderall the factors that would make the leader
succeed in motivating the group.succeed in motivating the group.
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4. TAKE RESPONSIBILTY4. TAKE RESPONSIBILTY((R.V.SHASTRIR.V.SHASTRI, Chairman and Managing Director,, Chairman and Managing Director,Canara bank)Canara bank)
A leader is only as good as his team. LeadershipA leader is only as good as his team. Leadershipinvolves two steps: helping subordinates takeinvolves two steps: helping subordinates takeadvantage of their talents, and then fine tuningadvantage of their talents, and then fine tuningtheir performance. Good leaders always taketheir performance. Good leaders always take
responsibility for both the success and failure ofresponsibility for both the success and failure oftheir teamstheir teams