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BITS PilaniPilani Campus
Product Design
MM ZG 541
Lecture 6
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BITS PilaniPilani Campus
Product function
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Contents
3
• Functional Decomposition
• Function Modeling Basics
• Functions and Constraints
• Modeling Process
• Function Trees
– FAST Method
– Subtract and Operate Procedure• Function Structures
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Why unction!" Deco#$osition
&
• Concentrates on 'Wh!t( has to be achie)ed b*a ne+ concept , not '%o&( it is to be achie)ed
• Basis -or organi.ing design team! tas/s ,
process
• Cre!ti'ity enhancement
• More acceptable solutions can be generated
+ith mapping Needs to Function , then to
Form
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unction!" #ode"ing (!sics
0
• unction – Statement o- clear! reproducible relationship bet+een a)ailable
input , desired output o- product! independent o- an* particular
-orm – %nput 1lectricit* and hand -orce! Output – %roning o-
clothes
• Product unction – %ntended o)erall -unction o- product 2ust an acti)e )erb , noun
4ash clothes! Cut Beans! Cools Air! 5eats +ater
• Su( function
– Component o- product -unction corresponding to subtas/s• )(str!ction
– Process o- ignoring +hat is particular or incidental ,
emphasi.ing +hat is essential and general
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*ery o"d Myth+++
$ April 3! "#$ Product Design B%TS Pilani
While the story is not reallytrue, at least it brings out alesson.
-Function is important i.e.,
Writing in outer space orwherever.
-Not excessive concentrationneeds to be placed on form( This case being a Pen
-What is needed though is toloo! care"ully the "unctionalityand #nd solutions to problem.
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S$ot coo"ing
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Case $ %&& Wor!ers wor!ing in',&&&).m (teel Forging mill
Environment: *ot and humid
Problem: The temperature isunbearable that it reduced theproductivity. +e)uired to providecooling.
onventionally, air conditionerswould have been chosen- Whichnot only cools people and alsosurrounding areas( Waste o"energy.
Solution: y concentrating on the "unction (ooling o" people andnot on "orm (existing air conditioners a new product pot cooler/was developed to achieve the "unction.0dvantages $ 1)uipment si2e is o" %3' th o" conventional 0. Power
consumption is reduced by %3%& th4
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B"!c, Bo-
7
ProductFunctionInput Output
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unctions !nd Constr!ints
8
• Constr!ints – %s a statement o- clear criterion that must be
satis-ied b* a product , re9uires consideration o-entire product to determine the criterion )alue
• Cost of product is a constraint
• unctions are satis-ied through o$er!tion o-product
•Constr!ints are satis-ied b* $ro$erties o-entire product – %ncludes criteria o- cost! compactness! mass ,
reliabilit*
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unction!" Trees
• Deco#$ose the Prime -unction hierarchicall* intosub -unctions
• !st . Si#$"e to construct
• :nderstanding the inter!ctions bet+een
e;panded su( functions is )ital
/ )ST Method
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unction )n!"ysis Syste# Techniue
2)ST3
• Displa*s -unction in a "ogic!" seuence! Prioritie them and teststheir de$endency
• %0WW% anal*sis
• 5igher order -unction> – '%ron the clothes(
• Basic -unction> – '5eats the base o- the iron bo;(
• Secondar* -unction 3 t*pes
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)ST MT%0D
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Iron (o- e-!#$"e
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Why
*ow
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Pro7ector e-!#$"e
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Coffee (e!n cho$$er e-!#$"e
0
+educe noise
hopeans
eal "orhopping
ontaineans
*old eans
0ccepteans
5enerateNoise
+educeNoise
ompactystem
onvert 11to +otation
Transmit Tor)ue
6ampen7ibration
5enerateNoise
+educeNoise
0ctualPower
onnect1lectricity
reate0esthetic0ppeal
upport8oads
5rindo9ee
Provide1lectricity
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Su(tr!ct !nd o$er!te Method
• Botto#/u$ approach to de)elop a -unction tree• Assumption a for# conce$t or !ctu!" $roduct
e;ists! this conceptproduct is then re)erse
engineered
• Better +a* to -igure out -unction o- component
remo)ing it! operating s*stem +ithout it conceptuall*
• Starts b* considering smallest isolatable -unction o-
-eature
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Procedure
• Disassemble one component o- assembl*• Operate the s*stem through its -ull range
• Anal*.e the e--ect
• Deduce the sub -unction o- the missing component• ?eplace the component and repeat the procedure
'n( times! n being the number o- components in the
assembl*
• Translate the collection o- sub -unctions into a
-unction tree
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Erinder Operator
Co--ee
Beans
1nerg*
S*stem
Eround Co--ee
Chamber
SealSlicing
blade
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Coffee Mi""
8
Chamber Seal Slicing blade Shaft Motor
No de#nedway o" holdingcontent
No protectionagainstcontentssplattering
ontents willnot bechopped
licing bladewill not beattachable
ha"t does notspin
No measurablevolume
No protectionagainstspinning blade
No resistanceto tor)ue
ontents willnot bechopped
1lectricity isnottrans"ormed
intomechanicalenergy
No body tomeasurecontents
a"ety issueswill "ail
No resistanceto tor)ue
No body tocontaincontents
hambercannot beclosed
No body tohold theapparatus
Power can:t beactuatedbecauseelectric circuitis not closed
0esthetic ;mpact noise April 3! "#$ Product Design B%TS Pilani
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"#
Coffee #i"" function tree=a!eo9ee5rind
Permitleani
ng
hopeans
+otateha"t
*old;nputPower
;nput>n3>9ignal
;nputeans
Provide
o9ee
Provideindicatio
n o"
chopped
6ispense o9ee
pinha"t
onvert1lectrici
ty
+otation
Transmit
Power
witchPower
0cceptPower
pinlade
ontain chop
noise
ontainhoppin
g
eparatelade
"romhands
ontain
Noise
uppor
t =otor
Transmit
>n3>9ignal
0ccept>n3>9
ignal
ut
eans
;ndicate0moun
t
0ccepteans
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unction Structure
"
• Me!ningfu" , Co#$!ti("e combination o-su( functions in to an o)erall -unction
produces a 'unction Structure(
• Sub -unctions should be e;pressed interms o- #e!sur!("e e--ects or
#!the#!tic!" relationships
• Sub -unctions are sche#!tic!""ynet&or,ed together to -orm an o)erall
-unction structure
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) Syste#888
• %s an entit* that is connected to its en)ironment b*
means o- inputs and outputs de-ined on its boundar*!
• %t can be de-ined in terms o- mechanical construction
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) Syste#888
W!shing c"othes
1lectricit* 1nerg* osses 5eat
Clothes! detergent! +ater Clean clothes! drain +ater
5o+ man* +ash! spin! dr* Time ta/en! status etc
S*stem%nputs Outputs
1nerg* 1nerg*
Material Material
%n-ormation %n-ormation
S*stem%nputs Outputs
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)n e-!#$"e
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Co##on f"o&s 9 unctions
"$
"o&s: -!#$"e•Material solid! li9uid! gas! human•1nerg* human -orce! human motion! chemical! electrical!electromagnetic! h*draulic! magnetic! -orce!tor9ue! linear motion!rotational motion
•%n-ormation tactile! ol-actor*
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"6
B!sic unction Structure: B"!c, Bo-
Remove
Excessength onFinger !ails
Finger nail"#ands
Cut nail"#ands"$ebris
Finger"orce*and
motion
ound,!ineticenergy in nail
5oodappearing
8ong nail*ang nail
+ough nail
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imple Nailcutter
Energ%
Material
Informatio
n
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"7
B!sic unction Structure: Coffee ro!ster
Roast co&eebeans'reen co&ee
beansRoasted
co&ee" Cha&
1lectricity *eat , Noise
tatus -ompleted
+oast leveltart
signal
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o9ee roaster
Energ%
Material
Informatio
n
ha9 is a thin s!in whichcomes out o" co9ee beanswhile roasting and needs tobe discarded.
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Tr!cing in$uts < M!teri!"s
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*eat eans and 0gitate beans are shown parallel as bothactions have to be done simultaneously- Without agitation, thebeans will burn
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Tr!cing in$uts < nergy
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Tr!cing in$uts / Infor#!tion
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ignalcomplete
d
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)ggreg!te su( functions
3"
• Se9uence o- sub -unctions is aggregated torepresent -unctions o- entire product
• Function Structure must satis-* T+o criteria
– Are sub -unctions 'Atomic(
– %s the le)el o- detail su--icient to address customer
needs>
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)sse#("ing tr!ces / *!"id!ting
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ompleted
G i ti St t
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Generic unction Structure
3&
ub"unction
ub"unction
ub"unction
>verallFunctio
nub
"unction
1nergy
=aterial;n"ormati
on
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B"!c, (o re$resent!tion for =Po er
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B"!c, (o- re$resent!tion for =Po&er
Scre& dri'er>
30
loosen (
tightenscre)s
electricity, human"orce
tor)ue, heat, noise
8ooseness (ortightness
direction,on3o9
hand,bit
hand,bit
1nergy
in"ormatio
n
material
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unction Structure: Po&er Scre&
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unction Structure: Po&er Scre&
dri'er
3$ April 3! "#$ Product Design B%TS Pilani
%i hi " D iti f P
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8oosen3tighten screws
upplypower
Wor!manually
?sedi9erent
bits
0pplytor)ue
Feelcom"ortab
le
%ier!rchic!" Deco#$osition of Po&erScre&dri'er
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Than/ *ou
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