MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
Third Year Information Technology
Part 08Geographical Information System
Tushar B Kute,Department of Information Technology,Sandip Institute of Technology and Research Centre, Nashikhttp://www.tusharkute.com
Flying Blind
Jul 24th 2003 The Economist
WE LIVE IN TWO WORLDS
Self-Regulating Managed
Natural World Constructed World
. . . These Are Increasingly In Conflict
Watersheds Communities Neighborhoods Districts
CONTEXT AND CONTENT
Patterns Linkages Trends
Seeing the Whole Managing Places
ABSTRACTING THE REAL WORLD
WHAT IS GIS?
A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer-based system including software, hardware, people, and geographic information
A GIS can: create, edit, query, analyze, and display map
information on the computer
GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
Geographic – 80% of government data collected is associated with some location in space
Information - attributes, or thecharacteristics (data), can be used to symbolize and provide further insight into a given location
System – a seamless operation linking the information to the geography – which requires hardware, networks, software, data, and operational procedures
…not just software! …not just for making maps!
WHO USES GIS? International organizations
UN HABITAT, The World Bank, UNEP, FAO, WHO, etc. Private industry
Transport, Real Estate, Insurance, etc. Government
Ministries of Environment, Housing, Agriculture, etc. Local Authorities, Cities, Municipalities, etc. Provincial Agencies for Planning, Parks, Transportation,
etc. Non-profit organizations/NGO’s
World Resources Institute, ICMA, etc. Academic and Research Institutions
Smithsonian Institution, CIESIN, etc.
The possibilities are unlimited… Environmental impact assessment Resource management Land use planning Tax Mapping Water and Sanitation Mapping Transportation routing and more ...
WHAT CAN YOU DO WITH A GIS?
HOW DOES A GIS WORK?
GIS data has a spatial/geographic reference
This might be a reference that describes a feature on the earth using:
a latitude & longitude a national coordinate system an address a district a wetland identifier a road name
A GIS stores information about the world as a collection of thematic layers that can be linked together by geography
Polygon 3 Scrub 17 Very high Clay
GEOGRAPHY AND DATABASES
GIS PROVIDES DATA INTEGRATION
Vectors
Topology
Networks
Terrain
Surveys
Images
CADDrawings
Annotation
Addresses
27 Main St.
Attributes
ABC
107’
3D Objects
Dimensions
• Roads• Land Parcels• Population• Utilities• Land Mines• Hospitals• Refugee Camps• Wells• Sanitation
TWO FUNDAMENTAL TYPES OF DATA
Vector A series of x,y coordinates For discrete data represented as points, lines, polygons
Raster Grid and cells For continuous data such as elevation, slope, surfaces
A Desktop GIS should be able to handle both types of data effectively!
Raster
Vector
Real World
DATA REPRESENTATION
OTHER FEATURES OF A GIS
Produce good cartographic products (translation = maps)
Generate and maintain metadata Use and share geoprocessing models Managing data in a geodatabase using
data models for each sector
HINT – HAVING GIS SOFTWARE DOES NOT A CARTOGRAPHER MAKE!
Good to know something about these issues when creating a map and doing spatial analysis… Scale/Resolution Projection Basic cartographic principles regarding
design, generalization, etc.
GIS IS (RAPIDLY) EVOLVING
Projects Systems Networks
Integrated Coordinated Cooperative
Societal
Collaborative
Problem Statement – ?????*
Formulate the question
Mitigate and change Seek solutions
Observe, acquire data
Analyze
Diagram courtesy of Michael Goodchild, UCSB
Geospatialdata
Socio-Economic
data
Ground-BaseddataOther
Ancillarydata
* Added
GIS AS PART OF YOUR DECISION MAKING PROCESS…
SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE (SDI)
Definition - the technology, policies, standards, human resources, and related activities necessary to acquire, process, distribute, use, maintain, and preserve spatial data
Part of many nation’s e-Gov strategy
www.GSDI.org
The WorldGeographicKnowledge
Citizens
Inventory
Decision Support
WORLD SUMMIT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2002
“Promote the development and wider use of earth observation technologies, including satellite remote sensing, global mapping and geographic information systems, to collect quality data on environmental impacts, land use and land use changes.”
POVERTY INDICATORS
MONITORING FAIR TRADE - LOCAL BANANA FARMERS
A Tale of Two Cities
The formal and the informal
Both deserve GIS… complexity is not an accuse!
GIS for planning underdeveloped areas
Source: Rosario Giusti de Perez
The lack of public open space.Barrios have a percentage of public space between 5% and 10%. In the average city total space constitute over 30% of the total space.
Urban poverty measured in terms of quantity and quality of public space.
The absence of adequate infrastructure,Urban furniture and maintenance which combined produces unhealthy and insecure conditions.
GIS FOR PLANNING UNDERDEVELOPED AREAS
Source: Rosario Giusti de Perez
DEALING WITH A COMPLEX MORPHOLOGY REQUIERES: Understanding the existing physical order
Identifying the social order conformed by community ties and with no physical evidence
Transformation capacity is determined through a detailed review of the built form
GIS for planning underdeveloped areas
Source: Rosario Giusti de Perez
Sustainability is preserving the small social groups
Analysis of the social network and community ties
The social network is topology related.
GIS for planning underdeveloped areas
Source: Rosario Giusti de Perez
…working together!
Achieving the MDGs requires all of us…
REFERENCE
Waman Jawadekar, "Management Information Systems” , 4th Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.
E. Turban, J. Aronson, T.P. Liang, R. Sharda, “Decision Support and Business Intelligence Systems”, 8th Edition, Pearson Education.
Top Related