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MIGRATION TRENDS

IN CENTRAL AMERICA

NORTH AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION

REGIONAL OFFICE, SAN JOSÉ, COSTA RICA

JUNE 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Migration Trends in Central America, North America and the Caribbean, June 2019

• APPREHENSIONS

At the Southern Border of the United States ……………………………………………….……………………………………………………………….…. 1

• RETURNS

Returnees from Mexico and the United States ….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2

• EXTRA-REGIONAL MIGRANTS

Migrants from Countries in Asia and Africa ………...………………………………….………………………………………………………………………... 3

• MIGRATION IN THE REGION

DACA, TPS, Haitians, Nicaraguans and Venezuelans ..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 4

Lawful Permanent Residents and Temporary Workers and their Families in the United States …………..….………………………………………………... 5

• INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT

New Displacements in 2018 Associated with Disasters and Conflicts in Central America, North America and the Caribbean …….………………………... 6

Source: U.S. Customs and Border Protection

APPREHENSIONS At the Southern Border of the United States by Fiscal Years

1

Family Units

Unaccompanied Allien Children Single Adults

In the first seven months of fiscal year 2019, the number

of apprehensions at the border with Mexico exceeded by

16% the total of fiscal year 2018.

Since fiscal year 2018 the percentage of aprehended family

units has doubled to 54%. The percentage of apprehended

individuals has dropped to almost half.

In fiscal year 2018, Rio Grande (McAllen) was the sector

with the highest number of apprehensions at the Sout-

hern border of the United States, with 41% of the total.

Tendencias generales de aprehensiones General trends

Total Apprehensions by Family Composition


Apprehensions by Main Sectors

Apprehensions since 2007

RETURNS Returnees from Mexico and the United States to the Northern Countries of Central America

2

Trends show that on average 82% of returnees to the

Northern Countries of Central America are men.

Between 2016 and 2018, Mexico registered the highest

number of returnees to the Northern Countries of

Central America. Between January and April 2019, the

trend switched with more migrants returning from the

United States.


Returnees to the Northern Countries of Central America from Mexico

and the United States by Sex

216.613

141.828

196.061

71.670

16%

84%

11%

89%

13%

84% 87%

16%

Returnees to the Northern Countries of Central America

from Mexico and the United States

2019

(Jan-Apr)

2019 (Jan-Apr)

Source: Human Mobility Information Management Initiative in the Northern Triangle, IOM

United States Mexico Total

Returnees* by Age Group

141.344

195.790

71.505

83%

17%

83%

17%

80%

20%

Women Men

Minors Adults

2019

(Jan-Apr)

*The vast majority of the total corresponds to returnees to the northern countries of Central America.

Source: National Migration Service of Panama.

EXTRA-REGIONAL MIGRANTS Migrants from Countries in Asia and Africa

3

Between 2014 and 2019, both the irregular transit records

from the Colombia-Panama border (Darien sector) and

the number of detentions of extra-regional migrants with

irregular status in Mexico show approximately 52 nationali-

ties. Among the most recurrent nationalities are Bangla-

desh, India, Nepal, Cameroon and Republic of the Congo.


2019 (Jan-Apr) 2019

(Jan-Apr)

Source: Mexican Secretariat of Interior

Irregular Transit through Colombia-Panama Border Migrants Apprehended by Mexican Immigration Authorities

Apprehensions in Mexico by Nationality, 2018-2019 (Jan-Apr)

Asia Africa Total Asia Africa Total

MIGRATION IN THE REGION DACA, TPS, Haitians, Nicaraguans and Venezuelans

4

Approximately 91% out of 679.740 beneficiaries of the Deferred

Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) come from countries

in the region, mostly Mexico, followed by El Salvador and Guate-

mala.


Refugees and Migrants from Venezuela

Estimates indicate that there are 4 million Venezuelan refugees

and migrants in the world, approximately 307,000 of whom are

living in eight countries in the region.

Haiti

497.825

Nicaragua

Costa Rica 349.827

Nicaraguans with

authorization of stay

in Costa Rica in 2018

(whether permanent,

temporary or special

category).

Beneficiaries of DACA and TPS in the United States by country of origin, 2018

Sources: Second National Survey of Immigrants, Dominican Republic

Costa Rican General Directorate for Migration and Foreigners

It represents

approximately 87% of

the total migrants

in the country.

Haitians in Dominican Republic

Dominican

Republic

Nicaraguans in Costa Rica

Source: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services

Source: Regional Inter-Agency Coordination Platform for Refugees and Migrants from Venezuela

Deferred Action for

Childhood Arrivals (DACA)

Temporary Protected Status (TPS)

Approximately 93% out of 417.341 beneficiaries of the Tem-

porary Protected Status (TPS) come from countries in the

region, mostly El Salvador, followed by Honduras and Haiti.

Sources: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (DACA)

Congressional Research Service (TPS)

Source: Department of Homeland Security

MIGRATION IN THE REGION Lawful Permanent Residents and Temporary Workers and their Families in the United States

5

After Mexico (13-15%), Cuba and the Dominican Republic are

the two countries in the region with the highest number of

lawful permanent residents in 2014-2017.

In fiscal years 2014-2017, the region accounted for 51%-52% of

admissions of temporary workers and their families.

From fiscal years 2014 to 2017, approximately 4% of permanent

residence permits were granted to nationals from the

Northern Countries of Central America (NCCA).


1.016.518

1.051.031

1.1183.501

1.127.167

3.398.961 3.722.543 3.896.674 3.969.276

48.7% 48.8% 48.7% 50%

30.3% 30.2% 29,3% 26.8%

20.6%

0.4% 20.7%

0.3%

21.6%

0.3%

22.8%

0.4%

Lawful Permanent Residents by Country of Origin Lawful Permanent Residents

Source: Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre

Displacement data (http://www.internal-displacement.org/database/displacement-data)

INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT New Displacements in 2018 Associated with Disasters and Conflicts in Central America, North America and the Caribbean

6


The Global Report on Internal Displacement by the Internal

Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) presents an overview

of new displacement associated with natural disasters and

conflicts in recent years.

Disasters caused 1,695,194 new displacements during 2018 across

18 countries of the region, while conflicts and violence caused

257,950 displacements concentrated in three countries:

El Salvador, Mexico and Honduras.

The countries of the region most affected by displacement

associated with disasters in 2018 were the United States

(1,247,000 new displacements), Cuba (52,000), Guatemala and the

Dominican Republic (27,000 each). Displacement registered in the

United States resulted from the impact of hurricanes Florence

(August) and Michael (October), as well as wildfires in California.

It is important to point out that published data does not detail

the situation of vulnerability of internally displaced people, which

can greatly vary from case to case. Displacement in countries

like Cuba responds to temporary evacuation policies that allow

people to preserve their integrity and assets without producing

new vulnerabilities.

Historically, displacement in the region has been marked by the

incidence of destructive events such as Hurricane Ike in 2008,

the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Hurricane Sandy in 2012, Hurricane

Matthew in 2016 and Hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017.

IOM REGIONAL OFFICE FOR CENTRAL AMERICA, NORTH AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN

Sabana Business Center, Boulevard Ernesto Rohrmoser, San José, Costa Rica.

Telephone: (506) 2212-5300