Topic:
Middle Colonies
EQ:
What are the Four Middle Colonies and how were they formed?
Middle Colonies
New YorkPennsylvaniaNew JerseyDelaware
Middle Colonies
1. River systems
2. Valleys – fertile soil
3. ”Bread basket" large farms - surplus food
4. diverse population
5. manufacturing
6. iron mines, glass, shipyards, and paper
7. Cities: New York and Philadelphia
Middle Colonies
Urban Population Urban Population GrowthGrowth
1650 - 17751650 - 1775
Urban Population Urban Population GrowthGrowth
1650 - 17751650 - 1775
New Netherland (New York) New Netherland (New York) is first established by the is first established by the DutchDutch
1609: Henry Hudson 1609: Henry Hudson sailing for Dutch East sailing for Dutch East India Company sails India Company sails into Hudson river into Hudson river looking for passage looking for passage through continent ~ through continent ~ claims area for Dutchclaims area for Dutch
““Bought” Manhattan Bought” Manhattan from Indiansfrom Indians
English immigration to New Netherland resulted English immigration to New Netherland resulted in 1/2 total populationin 1/2 total population
The English regarded The English regarded Dutch as intrudersDutch as intruders
New York was a royal gift New York was a royal gift to James, the King’s to James, the King’s brother (aka Duke of York)brother (aka Duke of York)
Thus, when the English Thus, when the English invaded, the leader of the invaded, the leader of the Dutch colony, Dutch colony, Peter Peter StuyvesantStuyvesant, gave up , gave up without a fight.without a fight.
Allowed to remain, the Allowed to remain, the Dutch made up a large Dutch made up a large segment of New York’s segment of New York’s population for many years.population for many years.
New JerseyNew Jersey
James gave 2 friends, Lord John Berkeley James gave 2 friends, Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret, the section of and Sir George Carteret, the section of New York located between the Hudson New York located between the Hudson River and Delaware Bay in 1664River and Delaware Bay in 1664– He felt the territory of New York was too He felt the territory of New York was too
large to administerlarge to administer Both proprietors allowed religious Both proprietors allowed religious
freedom and an assembly in addition to freedom and an assembly in addition to giving generous land offers to attract giving generous land offers to attract settlers settlers
Lord John Berkeley
Mid-1600s: religious Mid-1600s: religious dissenters named dissenters named QuakersQuakers arose in Englandarose in England
Hated by authorities Hated by authorities because they refused to pay because they refused to pay taxes to Church of England, taxes to Church of England, refused to take oaths, refused to take oaths, refused military servicerefused military service
William Penn, a Quaker, was a close William Penn, a Quaker, was a close friend of King Charles II, and Charles friend of King Charles II, and Charles granted Penn what became granted Penn what became Pennsylvania.Pennsylvania.
Charles II Charles II perceived the perceived the egalitarian Quakers egalitarian Quakers as dangerous as dangerous radicals & desired radicals & desired to export the to export the Quakers to Quakers to someplace far from someplace far from EnglandEngland
Royal Land Grant to Royal Land Grant to PennPenn
Royal Land Grant to Royal Land Grant to PennPenn
Penn governs the colonyAdvertised in Europe, promising land & freedoms
Frame of Government (guaranteed elected assembly), Charter of Liberties (freedom of worship, open
immigration), fair treatment of Native Americans
Penn’s Treaty with thePenn’s Treaty with theNative AmericansNative Americans
Penn’s Treaty with thePenn’s Treaty with theNative AmericansNative Americans
Penn & Native Penn & Native AmericansAmericans
Penn & Native Penn & Native AmericansAmericans
Penn attempted Penn attempted to treat Native to treat Native Americans more Americans more fairly than did fairly than did other colonies.other colonies. Penn’s treatment Penn’s treatment of the Native of the Native Americans was so Americans was so fair that Quakers fair that Quakers went to them went to them unarmed and even unarmed and even employed them as employed them as babysittersbabysitters
Penn attempted Penn attempted to treat Native to treat Native Americans more Americans more fairly than did fairly than did other colonies.other colonies. Penn’s treatment Penn’s treatment of the Native of the Native Americans was so Americans was so fair that Quakers fair that Quakers went to them went to them unarmed and even unarmed and even employed them as employed them as babysittersbabysitters
PennsylvaniPennsylvania & a & NeighborsNeighbors
However, as non-Quaker immigrants However, as non-Quaker immigrants came, they were less tolerant of came, they were less tolerant of Natives(Scots-Irish)Natives(Scots-Irish)
Liberal features: elected assembly, no Liberal features: elected assembly, no tax-supported church, freedom of tax-supported church, freedom of worship, only 2 capital crimesworship, only 2 capital crimes
New NetherlandIn1609--Dutch
New York—1664England
Henry Hudson for Netherlands
Duke of York of England names it New
York
English fleet takes New Amsterdam from Dutch in 1664 and becomes New York City---Good
harbor for trade
New Netherlands was an autocracy1689---English Bill of RightsRepresentative GovtRoyal Colony
New Jersey---1702Indian land---Dutch
and Swedish gift from King Charles II to
brother James---gives to his friends Lord John Berkeley & Sir George
Carteret
Attract new settlers for Dutch and Swedish
colonistsRoyal Colony
Pennsylvania—1681
Delaware--1682
William PennSwedes
Penn founded for religious freedom for the Quakers---Holy
Experiment—invited all people
Representative govt
Royal Colony
Colony/Date Person Responsible Why Founded Governed/Owner
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