MEASURING ENTREPRENEURSHIP
OECD-EUROSTAT ENTREPRENEURSCHIP INDICATORS PROGRAMME
(EIP)
Joint UNECE/Eurostat Seminar on Business Registers
Luxembourg, 7 October 2009
Koen De Backer OECD
ENTREPRENEURSHIP INDICATORS PROGRAMME (EIP)
• Feasability study in 2005 • Started in 2006• Funding by Kauffman Foundation and Danish led
‘International Consortium on Entrepreneurship (ICE)
• Partnership with Eurostat - OECD – Eurostat EIP• Activities 2006 – 2008 (OECD Secretariat –
Eurostat – EIP Steering Group) • Cooperating with National Statistical Offices • Developing common definitions for entrepreneurship• Drawing a list of empirical indicators on entrepreneurship• Data collection
INDICATORS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP:
EIP APPROACH (1) • Broad definitions of entrepreneurship • Importance of ‘new’ and ‘value’• Focus on business entrepreneurship
• No single measure perfectly reflects definition• Must distinguish types of entrepreneurship
• Employer vs non-employer firms• High growth firms and gazelles
Economic Growth
Determinants
Poverty Reduction
Employment-based Indicators
Other Indicators of Entrepreneurial Performance
CultureAccess to Finance
Market Conditions
Job Creation
EntrepreneurialPerformance
Impact
Regulatory Framework
R&D and Technology
Entrepreneurial Capabilities
Firm-based Indicators
Original data-collection, due to and in close cooperation with NSOs!
INDICATORS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP:
EIP APPROACH (2)
EXTENDING THE COUNTRY COVERAGE (1)
Digest publication 2008 Digest publication 2009
18 countries 23 countries/regions
• OECD countries– large countries (Australia, France, Germany,
United Kingdom) miss out– Voluntary data collection on EU-level
• Non-OECD countries– Accession/enhanced engagement countries– Cooperation with UNCTAD
• Regions (Andalucia is testcase)
EXTENDING THE COUNTRY COVERAGE (2)
Timely indicators for the EIP
- EIP produces solid but rather late indicators- official (NSOs) and validated indicators- not timely: 2-3 years time lag
- A high demand for more timely entrepreneurship indicators:
- financial crisis; - short term, leading indicators
- Using additionally sources: administrative data- Chambres of commerce- business associations
Economic Growth
Determinants
Poverty Reduction
Employment-based Indicators
Other Indicators of Entrepreneurial Performance
CultureAccess to Finance
Market Conditions
Job Creation
EntrepreneurialPerformance
Impact
Regulatory Framework
R&D and Technology
Entrepreneurial Capabilities
Firm-based Indicators
Original data-collection, due to and in close cooperation with NSOs!
Filling in indicators, based on existing evidence
INDICATORS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP:
EIP APPROACH (3)
A FIRST STEP (1)
CREATION AND DIFFUSIONOF KNOWLEDGE
ACCESS TO FINANCE
ENTREPRENEURIAL CAPABILITIES
- business R&D-intensity, by size class of firms (OECD-STI) - new-to market innovating firms, by size class (OECD-STI) - collaboration in innovation, by size class of firms (OECD-STI) - ecommerce (OECD-STI)
- ease of getting bank loans (World Economic Forum) - number and investments by business angels (OECD-STD) - venture capital in % of GDP, by investment stage (OECD-STD) - venture capital investments in high technology industries (OECD-STD)
- tertiary attainment, 25-64 and 25-64 years old (OECD-EDU) - self-employment, foreign and native-born population (OECD-ELS) - international mobility of students (OECD-EDU) - people having received training for starting up a business (GEM)
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
MARKET CONDITIONS
ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE- choice of status; employee or self-employed (Eurobarometer) - entrepreneurial perceptions: opportunities versus risk (GEM) - positive image of entrepreneurship (Eurobarometer) - negative image of entrepreneurship (Eurobarometer)
- ease of doing business (World Bank) - barriers to entrepreneurship (OECD-ECO) - top statutory personal income tax rate (OECD-CTP) - corporate income tax rate, overall and for SMEs (OECD-CTP)
- Competition Law and Policy Indicator (OECD-ECO) - Import Burden (World Bank) - Export Burden (World Bank)
A FIRST STEP (1)
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