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MEASUREMENT DESIGNS
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Measurement
It is the process observing and recording
that are collected as apart of research
effort.
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Level of measurement
NOMINAL SCALE
ORDINAL SCALE
INTERVAL SCALE
RATIO SCALE
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NOMINAL SCALE
Not really a scale because it dont scale
objects along any dimensions.
It simply label objects.
Mutually exclusive.
Gender is an example of nominal scale
Male = 1
Female = 2
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Religious Affiliation
Hindu = 1
Muslim = 2
Sikh = 3 Other = 4
Categorical data are measured on nominal
scales which merely assign labels todistinguish categories.
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ORDINAL SCALE
Meets all the nominal condition and also
includes ordering
Data used must be having transitivityproperty
No determination of distance between
positions on the scale
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Examples
Restaurant rating
Objectives Rank
Quality .
Cost .
Flexibility .
Dependability .
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INTERVAL SCALE
All the property of ordinal scale but the
interval between the successive
positions are equal.
No true zero exist.
E.g. Temperature and year
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RATIO SCALE
Attributes of interval scale and exist zero
point.
E.g. Age, income,height and weight.
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Ordering of level of measurement
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Scaling
Scaling is the branch of measurement
that involves the construction of an
instrument that associates qualitativeconstructs with quantitative metric units.
A scale is an instrument which measures
subjective variables.
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Means of measuring attitude
It is made up of statements about a particular issue, and
each statement has a numerical value indicating how
favorable or unfavorable it is judged to be.
Thurstone scaling
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E.G.Attitudes that people might
have towards persons with AIDS.
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Some statements are People get AIDS by engaging in immoral behavior
You can get AIDS from toilet seats
AIDS is the wrath of God
Anybody with AIDS is either gay or a junkie
AIDS is an epidemic that affects us all People with AIDS are bad
People with AIDS are real people
AIDS is a cure, not a disease
You can get AIDS from heterosexual sex
People with AIDS are like my parents.
You can get AIDS from public toilets Women dont get AIDS
AIDS costs the public too much
AIDS is something the other guy gets
Living with AIDS is impossible
Children cannot catch AIDS
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Rating the scale items
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PLOT THE GRAPH
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Calculate the median and interquartile
range(Q3-Q1) for each statement.
Figure out table for it.
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Make table
Statement
NumberMedian Q1 Q3
Interquartile
Range
10 10 6 10.5 4.5
7 10 7.5 11 3.5
46 10 8 11 3
5 10 8.5 11 2.5
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Guttman scaling
In this items ranges from least extreme tomost extreme position.It is implicit that
those who agree with a more extremeposition also agree with the less extremepositions preceding it.
We develop a set of items or statements so
that a respondent who agrees with anyspecific question in the list will also agreewith all previous questions.
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E.g. Measures U.S. citizen attitudes
towards immigration.There are list
of statements :
I would permit a child of mine to marry an immigrant.
I believe that this country should allow more immigrantsin.
I would be comfortable if a new immigrant moved nextdoor to me.
I would be comfortable with new immigrants moving intomy community.
It would be fine with me if new immigrants moved onto my
block. I would be comfortable if my child dated a new immigrant.
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Develop the cumulative scale
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Hypothetical immigration scale I believe that this country should allow more immigrants
in.
I would be comfortable with new immigrants moving into
my community. It would be fine with me if new immigrants moved onto my
block.
I would be comfortable if a new immigrant moved nextdoor to me.
I would be comfortable if my child dated a new immigrant. I would permit a child of mine to marry an immigrant.
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Likert scale
A rating scale designed to measure
attitude or reaction by quantifying
subjective information. Participants indicate where along a
continuum their attitude or reaction
resides.
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To create set of potential scale
items
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Rating the items
1= strongly unfavorable to the concept
2= somewhat unfavorable to the concept
3= undecided
4= somewhat favorable to the concept
5= strongly favorable to the concept
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Administrating the scale
On a 1-5 response scale :
1= strongly disagree
2= disagree
3= undecided
4= agree
5= strongly agree
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QUERY
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THANK YOU
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