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1
GuidedExperiment
1.1 Scientifc Method
Apparatus : 100 cm3 beaker, 50 cm3 measuring
cylinder, thermometer, electronic
balance, spatula, glass rod, wire gauze,
tripod stand, Bunsen burner.
Materials : Table salt, distilled water.
2
Inquiry Experiment 2.1 Diusion
Apparatus : Gas jars and cover, dropper, test tubes,
test tube rack, stopper, retort stand
with clamp.
Materials : Liquid bromine, 1 mol dm–3 potassium
manganate(VII) solution, potassium
manganate(VII) crystal, hot liquid jelly,
water, tissue paper.
Inquiry
Experiment 2.2 The Melting and Freezing Pointso Naphthalene
Apparatus : Boiling tube, 250 cm3 beaker, stirring
thermometer, tripod stand, retord stand
and clamp, Bunsen burner, stopwatch,
conical ask, wire gauze.
Materials : Naphthalene, tap water.
3
Inquiry Experiment 3.1 Empirical Formula
Apparatus : Crucible with lid, tongs, Bunsen
burner, tripod stand, pipe-clay triangle,
electronic balance
Materials : Magnesium ribbon, sandpaper.
Inquiry Experiment 3.2 Chemical Equations
Apparatus : Test tubes, test tube holder, Bunsen
burner, rubber bung with delivery tustoppers, glass tube, test tube rack.
Materials : Solid copper(II) carbonate, lime
water, concentrated hydrochloric
acid, concentrated ammonia solution
0.2 mol dm–3 lead(II) nitrate solution,
0.2 mol dm–3 potassium iodide soluti
4
PEKA 1 Chemical Properties o Group 1Elements
Apparatus : Gas jar, orceps, knie, water trough
gas jar, spoon.
Materials : Small pieces o solid lithium, sodium
and potassium, red litmus paper, ga
jar flled with oxygen gas, flter pape
distilled water.
PEKA 2 Chemical Properties o Group 17Elements
Apparatus : Test tubes, conical ask, dropper, te
tube holders, stopper, combustion tu
delivery tube, Bunsen burner, retort
stand with clamp.
Materials : Liquid bromine, solid iodine, blue
litmus paper, distilled water, iron
wool, soda lime, 2 mol dm–3 sodium
hydroxide, solution, potassium
manganate(VII) crystals, concentrate
hydrochloric acid.
GuidedExperiment
4.1Properties o Oxides o Eleme
in Period 3
Apparatus : Test tubes, Bunsen burner, test
tube holder, test tube rack, 100 cm3
measuring cylinder.
Materials : Sodium oxide, magnesium oxide,
aluminium oxide, silicon(IV) oxide,
phosphorus(V) oxide, sulphur dioxide
in a stoppered test tube, dichlorine
heptoxide, Universal Indicator, 2 mol
dm–3 nitric acid, 2 mol dm–3 sodium
hydroxide solution, distilled water.
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PELANGI Kimia Tingkatan 4
Inquiry Experiment 4.2 Colours o Transition Element
Compounds
Apparatus : Beakers, glass rod, test tubes.
Materials : Copper(II) sulphate crystals, iron(II)
sulphate crystals, iron(III) chloride
crystals, ammonia solution, sodium
hydroxide solution, distilled water.
5
Inquiry Experiment 5.1 Preparation o Ionic Compounds
Apparatus : Crucible, tripod stand, pipe-clay
triangle, deagerating spoon, gas jar,
gas jar cover, spatula, Bunsen burner,
combustion tube, stopper with delivery
tube.
Materials : Magnesium ribbon, sodium granule, gasjar flled with chlorine gas, iron flings,
flter paper, asbestos paper, sandpaper,
soda lime.
Inquiry Experiment 5.2 Properties o Ionic and Covalent
Compounds
Apparatus : Watch glasses, dropper, test tubes,
crucible, battery, bulb, switch, Bunsen
burner, tripod stand, carbon electrodes,
pipe-clay triangle, connecting wires
with crocodile clips.
Materials : Magnesium chloride crystals, sodiumsulphate crystals, diethyl ether, hexane,
distilled water, cyclohexane, solid
lead(II) bromide, naphthalene.
6
Inquiry Experiment 6.1 Electrolytes and Non-electrolytes
Apparatus : Battery, bulb, switch, connecting wires
with crocodile clips, carbon electrodeswith holders, crucible, 100 cm3 beaker,
Bunsen burner, tripod stand, pipe-clay
triangle.
Materials : Solid lead(II) bromide, naphthalene,
acetamide, sodium hydroxide solution,
glucose solution, copper(II) sulphate
solution.
Inquiry Experiment 6.2 Electrolysis o Molten Lead(II)
Bromide
Apparatus : Battery, switch, carbon electrodes,
connecting wire with crocodile clips,
ammeter, crucible, tripod stand, pipe-
clay triangle, Bunsen burner, 250 cm3
beaker.
Materials : Solid lead(II) bromide.
Inquiry Experiment 6.3 Electrolysis o Copper(II) Sulphate
Solution and Dilute Sulphuric Aci
Using Carbon Electrodes
Apparatus : Battery, carbon electrodes, electrolytic
cell, connecting wires with crocodile
clips, ammeter, test tubes, switch.
Materials : 0.1 mol dm–3 copper(II) sulphate
solution, 0.1 mol dm–3 sulphuric acid,
wooden splinter.
GuidedExperiment 6.4 Factors That Determine theSelective Discharge o Ions at
Electrodes During the Electrolyso an Aqueous Solution
Apparatus : Battery, carbon electrodes, copper
electrodes, electrolytic cell, connecting
wires with crocodile clips, ammeter,
test tubes, switch, electronic balance.
Materials : 0.1 mol dm–3 copper(II) nitrate solution,
0.1 mol dm–3 sodium sulphate solution,
0.001 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid,
2 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid, 0.1 mol dm
copper(II) sulphate solution, wooden
splinter, litmus paper, sandpaper.
GuidedExperiment
6.5 Purifcation o Metals
Apparatus : Battery, 250 cm3 beaker, connecting
wires with crocodile clips, ammeter,
switch.
Materials : 1 mol dm–3 copper(II) sulphate solution
impure copper plate, pure copper
plate.
GuidedExperiment
6.6 Electroplating o Metals
Apparatus : Battery, 250 cm3 beaker, connectingwires with crocodile clips, ammeter,
switch, rheostat.
Materials : 1 mol dm–3 copper(II) sulphate solution
copper strip, iron spoon, sandpaper.
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GuidedExperiment
6.7 The Simple Voltaic Cell
Apparatus : 250 cm3 beaker, connecting wires with
crocodile clips, voltmeter.
Materials : Magnesium ribbon, copper plate,
1 mol dm–3 sodium chloride solution,
sandpaper.
GuidedExperiment
6.8The Construction o ElectrochemicalSeries Based on Potential
Dierences Between Metals
Apparatus : Voltmeter, 250 cm3 beaker, connecting
wires with crocodile clips.
Materials : 1 mol dm–3 copper(II) sulphate solution,
copper strip, lead strip, iron nail, zinc
strip, magnesium ribbon, aluminium
strip, sandpaper.
GuidedExperiment
6.9The Construction o
Electrochemical Series Based on
the Principle o Displacement o Metals
Apparatus : Test tubes, test tube rack.
Materials : 1 mol dm–3 copper(II) nitrate solution,
1 mol dm–3 lead(II) nitrate solution,
1 mol dm–3 iron(II) nitrate solution,
1 mol dm–3 zinc nitrate solution,
1 mol dm–3 magnesium nitrate solution,
copper strip, lead strip, iron nail, zinc
strip, magnesium ribbon, sandpaper.
7
PEKA 3 The Role o Water in Showing the
Properties o Acids
Apparatus : Watch glass, dropper, 100 cm3 beaker,
glass rod.
Materials : Blue litmus paper, glacial ethanoic acid,
2 mol dm–3 ethanoic acid, solution o
ethanoic acid in dry propanone.
GuidedExperiment
7.1 The Role o Water in Showing theProperties o Alkalis
Apparatus : Spatula, glass rod, 100 cm3 beaker, flter
unnel.
Materials : Red litmus paper, dry barium
hydroxide powder, distilled water, flter
paper.
PEKA 4 The pH Values and Molarity o Acid
and Alkalis
Apparatus : pH meter, 250 cm3 beakers.
Materials : Hydrochloric acid with concentration
0.1 mol dm–3, 0.01 mol dm–3,
0.001 mol dm–3, 0.0001 mol dm–3 and
0.00001 mol dm–3; sodium hydroxide
solution with concentrations of 0.1 mol dm–3, 0.01 mol dm–3,
0.001 mol dm–3, 0.0001 mol dm–3 and
0.00001 mol dm–3.
Inquiry Experiment 7.2 Acid-base Titration
Apparatus : 25.0 cm3 pipette, burette, 250 cm3
conical ask, retort stand and clamp
white tile.
Materials : 0.1 mol dm–3 sulphuric acid, potassiu
hydroxide solution, phenolphthalein
8
Inquiry Experiment 8.1 Preparation o a Soluble Salt
the Reaction o an Acid with
Alkali
Apparatus : 25.0 cm3 pipette, burette, 250 cm3
conical ask, flter unnel, evaporati
dish, Bunsen burner, tripod stand,
retort stand and clamp, beaker, glas
rod, white tile, wire gauze.Materials : 2 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid,
2 mol dm–3 potassium hydroxide
solution, phenolphthalein, flter pape
distilled water.
Inquiry Experiment 8.2 Preparation o a Soluble Salt r
the Reaction o an Acid with a
Metal Oxide
Apparatus : 100 cm3 beaker, glass rod, spatula,
tripod stand, wire gauze, Bunsen
burner, flter unnel, retort stand and
clamp, evaporating dish, measuring
cylinder.
Materials : 2 mol dm–3 nitric acid, copper(II) oxid
powder, flter paper.
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PELANGI Kimia Tingkatan 4
Inquiry Experiment 8.3 Preparation o Insoluble Salts
Apparatus : Beaker, measuring cylinder, glass rod,
flter unnel, retort stand and clamp.
Materials : 0.5 mol dm–3 lead(II) nitrate solution,
1.0 mol dm–3 potassium iodide solution,
0.5 mol dm–3 potassium chromate(VI)
solution, 0.5 mol dm–3 barium nitrate
solution, 0.5 mol dm–3 sodium sulphatesolution, flter paper.
PEKA 5 Construction o Ionic Equations Using the Continuous Variation Method
Apparatus : Test tubes o same size, test tube rack,
burette, retort stand and clamp, ruler,
glass rod, dropper.
Materials : 0.5 mol dm–3 lead(II) nitrate solution,
0.5 mol dm–3 potassium chromate(VI)
solution.
Inquiry
Experiment 8.4 Action o Heat on Carbonate andNitrate Salts
Apparatus : Test tubes, test tube holder, delivery
tube with a stopper, Bunsen burner,
spatula.
Materials : Copper(II) carbonate, calcium
carbonate, sodium carbonate,
zinc carbonate, lead(II) carbonate,
magnesium carbonate, copper(II)
nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate,
zinc nitrate, lead(II) nitrate, magnesium
nitrate, lime water, blue and red litmus
paper, wooden splinter.
Inquiry Experiment 8.5 Confrmatory Tests or Anions in
Aqueous Solutions
Apparatus : Test tubes, test tube holder, dropper.
Materials : 1 mol dm–3 sodium carbonate solution,
1 mol dm–3 sodium sulphate solution,
1 mol dm–3 sodium chloride solution,
1 mol dm–3 sodium nitrate solution,
2 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid, 2 mol dm–3
nitric acid, 1 mol dm–3 sulphuric acid,
concentrated sulphuric acid, lime water,
1 mol dm–3 iron(II) sulphate solution,
0.1 mol dm–3 silver nitrate solution,
1 mol dm–3 barium chloride solution.
Inquiry Experiment 8.6 Tests or Cations in Aqueous
Solutions
Apparatus : Test tubes, test tube rack, dropper.
Materials : 1 mol dm–3 sodium nitrate solution,
1 mol dm–3 ammonium chloride
solution, 1 mol dm–3 calcium nitrate
solution, 1 mol dm–3 magnesium
nitrate solution, 1 mol dm–3 aluminiumnitrate solution, 1 mol dm–3 zinc nitrate
solution, 1 mol dm–3 iron(II) sulphate
solution, 1 mol dm–3 iron(III) chloride
solution, 1 mol dm–3 lead(II) nitrate
solution, 1 mol dm–3 copper(II) sulphate
solution, 2 mol dm–3 sodium hydroxide
solution, 2 mol dm–3 ammonia solution.
Inquiry Experiment 8.7 Confrmatory Tests or Ammonium
Ion, Iron(II) Ion, Iron(III) Ion and
Lead(II) Ion
Apparatus : Test tubes, test tube holder, dropper,Bunsen burner, wash bottle.
Materials : 2 mol dm–3 sodium hydroxide solution,
Nessler’s reagent, 50 g dm–3 potassium
hexacyanoerrate(II) solution,
50 g dm–3 potassium
hexacyanoerrate(III) solution, 50 g dm
potassium thiocyanate solution,
0.5 mol dm–3 potassium iodide solution
1 mol dm–3 ammonium chloride
solution, 1 mol dm–3 iron(II) sulphate
solution, 1 mol dm–3 iron(III) chloride
solution, 1 mol dm–3 lead(II) nitrate
solution, distilled water.
Inquiry Experiment 8.8 Identifcation o Cations and
Anions o Unknown Salts
Apparatus : Test tubes, test tube rack, test tube
holder, 50 cm3 beaker, flter unnel,
spatula, dropper, delivery tube, Bunsen
burner, wash bottle.
Materials : 2 mol dm–3 nitric acid, 2 mol dm–3
hydrochloric acid, 1 mol dm–3 sulphuric
acid, 2 mol dm–3 sodium hydroxide
solution, 2 mol dm–3 ammonia solution,
lime water, 0.5 mol dm–3 barium chlorid
solution, 0.1 mol dm–3 silver nitrate
solution, 0.5 mol dm–3 iron(II) sulphatesolution, 0.5 mol dm–3 potassium iodide
solution, solid K1, wooden splinter,
litmus paper, flter paper, distilled
water, concentrated sulphuric acid.
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Inquiry Experiment 9.1 Preparation o Ammonium
Fertiliser
Apparatus : 25.0 cm3 pipette, pipette fller, 250 cm3
conical ask, burette, retort stand
and clamp, white tile, 250 cm3 beaker,
glass rod, flter unnel, Bunsen burner,
evaporating dish, tripod stand, wire
gauze.
Materials : 1.0 mol dm–3 sulphuric acid,
2.0 mol dm–3 ammonia solution, methyl
orange, flter paper, distilled water.
PEKA 6 Hardness o Pure Metal and Its All
Apparatus : Retort stand and clamp, 1-kg weight
metre rule, steel ball bearing.
Materials : Copper block, bronze block, celloph
tape, thread.
Guided
Experiment9.2 Rate o corrosion o iron, steel
and stainless steel
Apparatus : Test tubes, test tube rack.
Materials : Iron nail, steel nail, stainless steel n
jelly powder, sandpaper,
0.2 mol dm–3 potassium
hexacyanoerrate(III) solution, boilin
water.
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