Marine Aquaculture Annual Farm Operation Report 2010
Prepared by The Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 1
Marine Aquaculture
Annual Report
2010
Marine Aquaculture Annual Farm Operation Report 2010
Prepared by The Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 2
REPORT PREPARED BY: The Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Branch: Fisheries Directorate: Marine Aquaculture Management Private Bag X2 Roggebaai Cape Town 8012 www.daff.gov.za Tel: 021 402 3911 Date: November 2010 FOR ENQUIRIES CONTACT:
The Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Branch: Fisheries Directorate: Marine Aquaculture Management Private Bag X2 Roggebaai Cape Town 8012 Email: [email protected] OR Mr. Keagan D Halley Principal Environmental Officer: Marine Aquaculture Development Email: [email protected] Tel: 021 402 3326 OR Ms Khumo Morake Deputy Director: Marine Aquaculture Authorisations and Development Email: [email protected] Tel: 021 402 3038
Marine Aquaculture Annual Farm Operation Report 2010
Prepared by The Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Executive Summary 4
2. Abbreviations and Definitions 5
3. Introduction 6
4. Marine Aquaculture Annual Farm Operations Report 2010 6
5. Status of the marine aquaculture industry in 2009 7
5.1. Marine aquaculture species cultured in South Africa 7
5.2. Marine aquaculture farms operating in 2009 8
5.3. Overview of South Africa’s marine aquaculture production in 2009 9
5.4 South Africa’s Marine Aquaculture production from 2000 – 2009 11
5.5 Analysis of marine aquaculture sub-sectors 12
5.5.1 Abalone Industry 12
5.5.2 Finfish Industry 13
5.5.3 Oyster Industry 14
5.5.4 Mussel Industry 15
5.5.5 Prawn Industry 16
5.5.6 Seaweed Industry 17
5.5.7 Marine Ornamental Industry 17
6 Provincial analysis of the marine aquaculture industry in 2009 17
6.1 KwaZulu Natal 18
6.2 Eastern Cape 19
6.3 Western Cape 19
6.4 Northern Cape 19
7 New Applications for marine aquaculture during 2009 20
8 Progress made during 2009 20
9 Acknowledgement 21
10 Reference list 22
11 Appendix
11.1 Monthly Report Broodstock 23
11.2 Monthly Report Hatchery/Juveniles 25
11.3 Monthly Report Grow-out 27
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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
South Africa’s marine aquaculture industry performance has been fairly stagnant since the year 2000
with production exceeding 1 000 tons. In 2008 and 2009 production had reached 2 014 tons and 1 869
tons respectively, decreasing by 7.2%. The species contributing to total production for the year 2009
included abalone (Haliotis midae), oysters (Crassostrea gigas), mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis and
Choromytilus meridionalis), finfish (Argyrosomus japonicus, Argyrosomus inodorus and Seriola lalandi)
and prawns (Litopenaeus vannamei). In terms of biomass produced, the abalone sub-sector
contributed 49.11% to the total production, followed by the mussel sub-sector with 36.69%, the oyster
sub-sector with 12.02%, the finfish sub-sector with 1.22% and the prawn sub-sectors with 0.96%. The
industry was made up of an accumulative total of fourty farms in 2009 comprising sixteen abalone
farms, fourteen oyster farms, three mussel farms, six finfish farms and one prawn farm. The estimated
marine aquaculture production in terms of monetary value for 2009 was R3 40 million, with abalone
contributing to 93.9%, oysters contributing 2.8%, mussels contributing 2.4%, and finfish and prawns
contributing 0.7% combined. The provincial analysis of the marine aquaculture industry highlighted the
Western Cape and Eastern Cape as the provinces with the most marine aquaculture activities whilst the
Northern Cape and KwaZulu Natal had the least marine aquaculture activities. A total of twenty-one
farms are situated in the Western Cape, fourteen in the Eastern Cape, four in the Northern Cape and
one in KwaZulu Natal.
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2. ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS
DAFF – Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
MLRA – Marine Living Resource Act No. 18 of 1998
MAAFOR – Marine Aquaculture Annual Farm Operations Report
DSP – Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning
PSP – Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning
IDZ – Industrial Development Zone
MADZ’s – Marine Aquaculture Development Zones
Production – Amount of organisms produced from a farm specifically for human
consumption (excluding seaweed and ornamentals).
Pilot Scale – Status at which a project is testing or conducting trials in order
demonstrate the effectiveness of a full program.
Commercial Scale – Status at which project is producing a product for sale primarily for
widespread distributions and consumption.
West Coast – West of Cape Point to border of Namibia
East Coast – East of Cape Point to border of Mozambique
Farm Temporary Closure – Farm not allowed selling product due to contamination of shell fish, as
stipulated in the South African Molluscan Shellfish Monitoring and
Control Programme. Farms are re-opened when product is not
contaminated.
Intra-trading – Trading of organisms between farms within the same sub-sector
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3. INTRODUCTION
Marine aquaculture in South Africa was initiated in the late 1940s with the commercial culturing of
oysters. Throughout the decades more species have been introduced into the industry, these include
mussels which was initiated in the 1980s, prawn and abalone, initiated in the 1990s and finfish initiated
in the 2000s. Currently government together with industry are focusing on developing the marine finfish
sub-sector. The Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) along with a number of
Universities and marine aquaculture farms have focused research on dusky kob (Argyrosomus
japonicus), silver kob (Argyrosomus inodorus), yellowtail (Seriola lalandi), white stumpnose
(Rhabdosargus globiceps), spotted grunter (Pomadasys commersonnii) and yellowbelly rockcod
(Epinephelus andersoni).
The marine aquaculture industry in South Africa is fairly small when compared to other countries such
as China, Chile and Norway. These countries produced 30 614 968 tons (China), 674 979 tons (Chile)
and 637 993 tons (Norway) of total aquaculture products for both fresh and marine aquaculture in 2004
(FAO, 2008). Although small, South Africa’s marine aquaculture industry has demonstrated the
potential to grow. In 2009 the industry included five sub-sectors namely abalone, mussels, oysters,
finfish and prawns.
The primary legislation governing marine aquaculture in South Africa is the Marine Living Resource Act
No. 18 of 1998 (MLRA), which is administered by the DAFF. The responsible branch within the DAFF is
Fisheries, Aquaculture Management and Development. The main functions of the Directorate include
management, regulation, research and support of the sector.
4. MARINE AQUACULTURE ANNUAL FARM OPERATIONS REPORT 2010
As the lead agent for marine aquaculture management and development in South Africa the DAFF,
Branch: Fisheries has developed the Marine Aquaculture Annual Farm Operations Report (MAAFOR).
The report has been developed to promote transparency, acquire information and reliable statistics in
the marine aquaculture sector. The concept of the MAAFOR was initiated in 2008. This report was
developed to provide stakeholders with reliable information, improved management, ensured and
efficient government support, and the proper channelling of resources for the benefit of the industry.
Furthermore the report has been used to identify existing bottlenecks and deficiencies, and to
determine important areas for further research and development in the sector. In 2009 the report was
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titled South Africa’s Marine Aquaculture Industry Annual Report, but has since changed to the Marine
Aquaculture Annual Farm Operations Report (MAAFOR).
The MAAFOR 2010 has been compiled based on data collected from all marine aquaculture farms
operating in South Africa during 2009. Each month the farmers provide the DAFF with a Monthly Report
which outlines all farm operations for a particular month. The Monthly Report is divided into three
separate reports designed to correspond with the major production phases of any aquaculture facility,
namely broodstock, hatchery/juvenile and grow-out. The broodstock report gives an indication of how
many broodstock animals are currently on the facility, numbers restocked, where the broodstock
originate from, mortalities and cause of death, and included the number of spawning events that occur
every month. The hatchery/juvenile report gives an indication of the total number of animals produced,
mortalities and the total number of animals moved to the grow-out section. The grow-out report outlines
monthly production for the farm, which is recorded as the total wet weight of the stock. These reports
also give an indication of the type of feed, medicines and chemicals used, disease treatment, veterinary
services used and water quality samples taken.
The MAAFOR 2010 aims to:
1.) Record the progress of the industry while identifying key areas of development and support.
2.) Contribute to the business case for future development,
3.) Promote awareness to interested and affected stakeholders.
5. STATUS OF THE MARINE AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY 2009
5.1 Marine aquaculture species cultured in South Africa
The species cultured in South Africa during 2009 included abalone (Haliotis midae), Pacific oyster
(Crassostrea gigas), mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis and Choromytilus meridionalis), finfish
(Argyrosomus japonicus, Argyrosomus inodorus and Seriola lalandi) and prawn (Litopenaeus
vannamei). The species cultured in 2009 are presented in Table 1. Species cultured for human
consumption on a commercial scale included abalone, mussels and oysters. Pilot scale operations
included dusky kob (Argyrosomus japonicus), silver kob (Argyrosomus inodorus), yellowtail (Seriola
lalandi) and prawns (Litopenaeus vannamei). The prawn farm however stopped operations at the end
of 2009. Other species cultured in South Africa included seaweed, both Ulva spp and Gracilaria spp.
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which are used as secondary crops (fed to abalone) and are cultured on a commercial scale. In 2009
there were no registered pilot or commercial scale marine ornamental farms operating in South Africa.
Table 1: Cultured marine species in South Africa during 2009 and their operational scale
5.2 Marine aquaculture farms operating in 2009
A total of forty (40) farms were operating by the end of 2009. Table 2 presents the number of farms
operating, species cultured and the province in which they are situated. The Western Cape Province
had the highest number of operating farms in 2009, amounting to twenty-one farms (21) and comprising
four (4) sub-sectors namely abalone, finfish, oysters and mussels. In the Eastern Cape Province
fourteen (14) farms were in operation and comprised four sub-sectors namely abalone, finfish, oysters
and prawns. The Northern Cape had four farms and consisted of two sub-sectors namely abalone and
oysters, whilst KwaZulu Natal had the least number of farms with only one finfish farm in operation.
Marine Aquaculture species in South Africa
Common Name Scientific Name Operational Scale
Dusky kob Argyrosomus japonicus Pilot scale and commercial
Silver kob Argyrosomus inodorus Pilot scale
Yellowtail Seriola lalandi Pilot scale
Abalone Haliotis midae Commercial
Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas Commercial
Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Commercial
Black mussel Choromytilus meridionalis Commercial
White leg Pawn Litopenaeus vannamei Pilot scale (stopped operations 2009)
Seaweed Ulva spp Commercial
Seaweed Gracilaria spp Commercial
White stumpnose Rhabdosargus globiceps Research
Spotted grunter Pomadasys commersonnii Research
Yellowbelly rockcod Epinephelus andersoni Research
Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar Research
South Coast Sea Urchin Tripneustes gratilla Research
South African Scallop Pecten sulcicostatus Research
Bloodworm Arenicola loveni Research
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Table 2. Total number of marine aquaculture farms operating in South Africa by sub-sector and province in 2009.
Number farms cultivating species in each province
Species Western Cape Eastern Cape Northern Cape KwaZulu Natal Total
Abalone 11 3 2 0 16
Finfish 0(1) 5 0 1 6
Mussels 3 0 0 0 3
Oysters 7 5 2 0 14
Prawns 0 1 0 0 1
Total 21 14 4 1 40 () finfish hatchery in Gansbaai on same premises of abalone farm, therefore not counted in the totals.
5.3 Overview of South Africa’s marine aquaculture production in 2009
In this document production is defined as the quantity of organisms produced from a farm specifically
for human consumption and expressed in tons. This definition excludes seaweed which in South Africa
is only used as a feed on abalone farms. South Africa’s total production (excluding seaweed) in 2009
was 1 860 tons. Table 3 illustrates the total production per sub-sector and province. The abalone sub-
sector was highest in terms of production with prawns being the lowest. Figure 1 below illustrates
production levels for each sub-sector, whilst Figure 2 illustrates percentage thereof.
Table 3. 2009 Marine aquaculture total production for human consumption per sub-sector and province.
Production per Species and Province
Species Western Cape Eastern Cape Northern Cape KwaZulu Natal Total
Abalone 812.56 101.02 0* 0 913.58
Finfish 0 20.52 0 2.23 22.75
Mussels 682.40 0 0 0 682.40
Oysters 139.75(35) 83.79(29) 0(41) 0 223.54(105)
Prawns 0 17.90 0 0 17.90
Total 1634.71 223.23 0 2.23 1860.17 *Abalone spat moved from the Northern Cape to Western Cape and grown out to market size () Oysters sold or moved to other provinces for grow out to market size
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Figure 1: South African marine aquaculture production for human consumption per sub-sector for the
year 2009.
Figure 2: The percentage contribution of each sub-sector to total production.
The total value of the marine aquaculture industry sales was estimated at R3 40 million for products not
processed. Abalone sub-sector sales were worth R3 20 million representing 93.9% of the total value,
followed by the oyster sub-sector at R 9.8 million representing 2.8%, the mussel sub-sector worth R 8
million representing 2.4% and lastly the prawn and finfish sub-sectors worth R 2 million representing
0.7% combined. This is illustrated in Figure 3 below.
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Figure 3: The percentage contribution of each sub-sector in terms of monetary value of the marine aquaculture industry in 2009. 5.4 South Africa’s Marine Aquaculture production from 2000 – 2009
The marine aquaculture production has been fluctuating for the past decade. Table 4 and Figure 4
illustrate the total production per species and demonstrate the fluctuation and growth over the past
decade. In 2009, production has decreased by 154 tons, recording a 7.2% decline from 2008. This
production decline is evident by the decrease in production from the main sub-sectors namely abalone,
mussels and oysters, recording a decrease of 124 tons (11.9%), 54 tons (7.4%) and three tons (1.4%)
respectively. The main reason for the decrease in production in the three sub-sectors was the global
recession experience during 2009. The harvesting of the products had reduced due to reduced
international and local sales. Other factors affecting these sub-sectors included the closure of a 20 ton
capacity abalone farm, and an increase in intra-trading of oysters for further grow-out. The production
and sales of the intra-traded oysters may only be reflected in the 2010 statistics.
Although there is a decrease in the total production, there was an increase in production in the smaller
sub-sectors with the finfish sub-sector increasing by 20 tons (88.1%) and the prawn sub-sector
increasing by six tons (36.1%) from 2008. The production of seaweed increased by 66 tons (3.5%) from
the year 2008 to 2009. Total marine aquaculture production grew by 804.25 tons from the year 2000 to
2009.
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Table 4. South African marine aquaculture production 2000 – 2009
*Seaweed culture data not confirmed for previous years **Totals exclude seaweed cultured
Figure 4: South African marine aquaculture total production 2000 – 2009.
5.5 Analysis of marine aquaculture sub-sectors
5.5.1 Abalone Industry
The abalone industry is still the most successful marine aquaculture sub-sector. The industry made up
49.11% of South Africa’s total production in 2009 (Figure 3). The species currently being cultivated in
South Africa is Haliotis midae. Abalone farms are situated in the Northern Cape, Western Cape and
Eastern Cape. In 2009 the abalone sub-sector represented 93.9% (R320 million) of the total sales
value of the marine aquaculture industry in South Africa (Figure 4). The total production of the abalone
sub-sector for 2009 was 913 tons resulting in a decrease of 11.9% from 2008 (Figure 5). The total spat
moved from the hatchery/nursery (including weaning) to the grow-out section amounted to 15 706 895
Species
Year and Production (tons) Total production
(tons) 2000 – 2009
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Abalone 181.03 372.88 429.42 462.02 509.20 670.80 833.36 783.25 1037.11 913.58 6192.65
Finfish 1.04 0.30 2.38 14 1.81 1.68 - - 2.71 22.75 46.67
Mussels 500 600 429.11 623 640 472 542 466 736.74 682.4 5691.25
Oysters 247.01 187.53 272.10 255.24 147.66 174.91 279.87 157.86 226.62 223.53 2172.33
Prawns 126.84 120.19 157.70 124.88 - - - - 11.44 17.91 558.96
Seaweed - - - - - - 664 - 1833.49 1900.18 -*
Totals** 1055.92 1280.9 1290.71 1479.14 1298.67 1319.39 1655.23 1407.11 2014.62 1860.17 14661.86
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spat weighting between ±0.2g - ±2g. By the end of 2009 the abalone sub-sector had a total of 3 093
abalone broodstock.
The total feed used in the sub-sector during the year 2009 was 4 634 tons which comprised of 796 tons
artificial feed and 3838 tons of seaweed/kelp, including both farmed and harvested from the wild. In
2009 the abalone sub-sector comprised sixteen farms made up of fourteen land based facilities, of
which twelve farms have independent hatcheries, one abalone sea cage farm and one ranching
operation. At the end of 2009, one farm had closed down and stopped operations due to a fungal
infection on the abalone.
During 2009, twelve farm temporary closures occurred along the West Coast; four were due to
Escherichia coli (E.coli) detections, five due to Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) detections and three
due to Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) detections in the abalone.
Figure 5. Abalone production for the years 2000 – 2009.
5.5.2 Finfish Industry
The marine finfish species presently cultivated in South Africa include dusky kob (Argyrosomus
japonicus), silver kob (Argyrosomus inodorus) and yellowtail (Seriola lalandi). The finfish sub-sector is
an emerging industry and is currently shadowed by the intensive production of other sub-sectors i.e.
abalone, mussels and oysters. In 2009, the finfish sub-sector produced the largest quantity of fish in its
history in South Africa. The sub-sector reached a production level of 22.7 tons resulting in an increase
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of 20 tons in comparison to the 2.7 tons recorded in 2008 (Figure 6). The sub-sector contributed 1.22%
to total production in 2009 (Figure 3). This increase in production is primarily due to the first harvest of
dusky kob and yellowtail from the pilot scale sea cage operation in Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape. A
total of 1 055 000 fingerlings (±5g) were produced in 2009. By the end 2009 the finfish sub-sector had
a total of sixty broodstock including 32 yellowtail, 22 dusky kob and 6 silver kob.
Finfish farms are currently situated in the Western Cape, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu Natal. Seven
farms were in operation in 2009, of which five are fully operational and two are under construction in the
Eastern Cape. The operations include a dusky kob pond culture facility in KwaZulu Natal, three dusky
kob land-based recirculation facilities in the Eastern Cape, a pond culture facility in the Eastern Cape, a
sea cage grow-out operation in the Eastern Cape and a hatchery in the Western Cape.
Figure 6. Finfish production for the years 2000 – 2009.
5.5.3 Oyster Industry
The species cultivated in South Africa is the exotic Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). The oyster sub-
sector is comprised of fourteen commercial producers, with one additional farm producing oysters on a
smaller scale, whilst its primary production is mussels. In 2009 production reached 223 tons resulting
in a decrease of three tons from 2008 (Figure 7). The oyster sub-sector contributed 12.02% to the total
production in 2009. In the oyster sub-sector, there is intra-industry trading. The intra-industry sales
increased by 30 tons compared to the year 2008, resulting in total intra-industry sales of 105 tons.
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There is currently no oyster hatchery in South Africa; therefore spat is imported from Chile, (South
America) Guernsey (United Kingdom) and Namibia (Africa). A disease outbreak was detected in France
which resulted in a banning of oyster spat imports from the area. Approximately 17 000 000 oyster spat
were imported during 2009. Oyster farms are currently situated in the Northern, Western and Eastern
Cape. In 2009 five farm temporary closures occurred on the West Coast due to DSP detections in the
oysters.
Figure 7. Oyster production for the years 2000 – 2009.
5.5.4 Mussel Industry
Mussel farming in South Africa is situated in Saldanha Bay, Western Cape and is represented by three
operations in the area. In 2009 five mussel farm closures occurred due to DSP. The species cultured in
South Africa are the exotic Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and the indigenous black
mussel (Choromytilus meridionalis). This sub-sector produced 682 tons in 2009 resulting in a decrease
of 54 tons since 2008 (Figure 8). The mussel sub-sector contributed 36.69% to the total production in
2009 (Figure 3) and has been fluctuating between 400 and 750 tons since the year 2000. There was a
decrease in production between years 2008 and 2009. The mussel sub-sector is currently the second
highest contributor to the total production.
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Figure 8. Mussel production for the years 2000 – 2009.
5.5.5 Prawn Industry
The prawn species cultured in South Africa from 1992 to 2003 included the white prawn (Penaeus
indicus) and tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon). The prawn species currently cultivated in South Africa is
the white leg prawn (Litopenaeus vannamei). The industry consisted of one farm operating on a pilot
scale in the Coega Industrial Development Zone (IDZ) in the Eastern Cape. The prawn sub-sector
produced seventeen tons for the year 2009, increasing production by six tons from eleven tons
produced in the year 2008 (Figure 9). The prawn sub-sector contributed 0.96% to the total production.
The prawn farm closed down towards the end of 2009 due to financial reasons.
Figure 9. Prawn production for the years 2000 – 2009.
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5.5.6 Seaweed Industry
The species cultivated in South Africa include the Ulva spp and Gracilaria spp. In 2009 four farms
cultivated seaweed, two situated in the Eastern Cape and two in the Western Cape. The total seaweed
produced and used as feed for abalone in the year 2009 was 1 900 tons, increasing production by 67
tons from the 1 833 tons produced in the year 2008.
5.5.7 Marine Ornamental Industry
In the year 2009, there were no legally registered marine ornamental farms operating in South Africa.
6. PROVINCIAL ANALYSIS OF THE MARINE AQUACULTURE INDUSTRY IN 2009
Marine aquaculture occurs in all four coastal provinces of South Africa. The Western Cape and Eastern
Cape provinces have the widest ranges of species cultured. Table 5 demonstrates the number of
farms, total production and the species cultured per province. An in depth discussion per province is
presented below.
Table 5. Number of marine aquaculture farms, total production and species cultured in each province
Province
Number
of
Farms
Production
(tonnage)
Species Cultured
Western Cape 21 1634.71(35)
Abalone, mussel, dusky kob, silver kob,
yellowtail and oyster
Eastern Cape 14 223.23 (29)
Abalone, dusky kob, silver kob, yellowtail,
oyster and prawn
Northern Cape 4 0 (41) Abalone and oyster
KwaZulu Natal 1 2.23 Dusky kob
Total 40 1860.16 () Oysters sold to other provinces for further grow out
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Figure 10. Farms in operation during 2009 and the distribution of cultured marine aquaculture species in each province.
6.1 KwaZulu Natal
There is one marine aquaculture operation in KwaZulu Natal and it is culturing finfish (dusky kob) using
a pond culture system. This operation currently is on a pilot scale and total production for the province
in 2009 was 2.2 tons. There is only one species currently being farmed in KwaZulu Natal, the species is
dusky kob. There is much potential for marine aquaculture growth in KwaZulu Natal as the warm water
of this region makes it suitable for the farming of many finfish species including dusky kob, yellowtail
and spotted grunter, among others.
Key
Blue Finfish Farm
Orange Prawn Farm
Red Oyster Farm
Green Abalone Farm
Brown Mussel Farm
Abalone
Dusky kob
Dusky kob
Dusky kob
Abalone
Abalone
Pacific oyster
Western Cape
Northern Cape
Eastern Cape
KwaZulu Natal
South Africa
Pacific oyster
Whiteleg prawn
Abalone
Abalone
Abalone
Abalone, Dusky kob,
silver kob and yellowtail
Pacific oyster
Abalone
Pacific oyster
Abalone
Abalone
Pacific oyster
Abalone
Pacific oyster, Mediterranean mussel and black mussel
Mediterranean mussel and black mussel
Pacific oyster
Abalone
Mediterranean mussel
and black mussel
Pacific oyster
Abalone
Pacific oyster
Pacific oyster
Pacific oyster
Abalone
Abalone
Dusky kob, silver kob and yellowtail
Knysna Port Elizabeth Coega
East London
Hamburg
Komga
Durban
Mtunzini
Gansbaai
Hermanus
Saldanha
Jacobsbaai St Helena Bay
Kleinsee
Port Nolloth
Alexander Bay
Pacific oyster
Gauteng Pretoria
Dusky kob
Dusky kob
Port Alfred
Pacific oyster
Pacific oyster
Abalone
Pacific oyster
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6.2 Eastern Cape
The Eastern Cape has fourteen marine aquaculture farms within the province and is second to the
Western Cape in terms of production and provincial distribution of marine aquaculture operations. Total
production for the Eastern Cape in 2009 was 223 tons. There were three abalone farms located in the
Eastern Cape in 2009, one in Komga (few kilometers outside East London) one in the East London IDZ
and one in Coega a few kilometers outside Port Elizabeth. Five finfish farms were located in the
Eastern Cape, two situated in the East London IDZ, one in Cefani (a few kilometers outside East
London) one in Komga and a sea cage farm in Algoa Bay (Port Elizabeth). The finfish species cultured
in the Eastern Cape are dusky kob, silver kob and yellowtail. Oyster farming in the Eastern Cape is
represented by five farms, three located in Port Elizabeth, one in Hamburg and one in Port Alfred. The
prawn farming operation is situated in the Coega IDZ.
6.3 Western Cape
The Western Cape is the most dominant province in South Africa in terms of production and distribution
of marine aquaculture operations. The total production in the Western Cape in 2009 was 1 634 tons,
making up 87% of the total production for South Africa. Twenty-one farms are located in the Western
Cape. Eleven abalone farms are situated in the Western Cape of which seven are located within the
Overberg region and the other four are located along the West Coast in Saldanha Bay, Paternoster and
St Helena Bay.
The entire mussel sub-sector is situated on the west coast, all three farms are situated in Saldanha
Bay. Seven oyster farms were in operation in 2009 and included four in Saldanha Bay, two in Knysna
and one in Paternoster. One finfish farming operation was situated in Western Cape in Gansbaai. The
species cultured in the Western Cape are abalone, oysters, mussels (Black mussel and Mediterranean
mussel), dusky kob, silver kob and yellowtail.
6.4 Northern Cape
The Northern Cape had four farms in operation in 2009. Two abalone farms were in operation in 2009,
one situated in Port Nolloth and a ranching operation in Kleinsee. Two oyster farms were in operation in
2009, one situated in Alexander Bay and one in Kleinsee. The Table 5 above indicates zero production
as no abalone were harvested in the ranching operation during 2009 and the abalone operation is a
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hatchery/nursery with no grow-out to market size. The oysters also are not sold directly to the market
but rather sold to other oyster operations in the Western Cape and Eastern Cape for further grow out,
which are sold from there to the market for food consumption. Oysters produced in the Northern Cape
sold to other farms for further grow-out amounted to 41 tons.
7. NEW APPLICATIONS FOR MARINE AQUACULTURE DURING 2009
In order to undertake any activities related to marine aquaculture, permission should be granted by the
DAFF. This permission or right or exemption to undertake aquaculture activities is issued in terms of the
MLRA. This authorisation is subject to activation of a permit issued in terms of Section 13 of the MLRA,
and the conditions of this permit.
In the year 2009, four new applications to undertake marine aquaculture activities were submitted to the
Department. The applications included an artificial live rock operation in KwaZulu Natal, a finfish farm
in the Eastern Cape and two finfish farms in the Western Cape. All four were granted by approval by
the Department, and one of the four has commenced operations in 2009. The total number of permits in
terms or Section 13 of the MLRA issued by the DAFF in the year 2009 was forty-two of which forty were
utilized.
8. PROGRESS MADE DURING 2009
In the 2009 Marine Aquaculture Industry’s Annual Report, recommendations on the way forward were
made. A brief outline of the progress on the recommendations is presented below.
8.1 Record the progress of the industry while identifying key areas of development and support.
The Department has identified the need for adequate and accurate data that will reflect the progress of
the industry. The Department is in the process of developing a web-based reporting and data
management system. It is anticipated that the system will be fully implemented for the year 2011 data
collection period. During the year 2009, data were collected and utilized to compile this report.
8.2 Future developments
Marine Aquaculture Annual Farm Operation Report 2010
Prepared by The Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 21
The Department has identified a number of projects that will contribute to the development of the sector.
These projects range from the Marine Aquaculture Development Zones (MADZs) to support systems.
The Department has identified sea-based sites suitable for the ranching of abalone. These areas are
located within the Northern Cape, Western Cape and Eastern Cape. The process of gazetting and
allocating rights for Abalone Ranching and Stock Enhancement Pilot Projects is underway.
8.3 Promoting awareness to interested and affected stakeholders.
The Marine Aquaculture Industry’s Annual Report 2009 has been distributed within the Department,
other Departments, industry members and interested stakeholder.
9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Department would like to thank all the stakeholders who cooperated with submitting their monthly
reports and additional data. It is important to note that The Marine Aquaculture Annual Farm Operation
Report 2010 can only be made more meaningful if the information submitted is correctly completed,
accurate and submitted on time.
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Prepared by The Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 22
10. REFERENCE LIST
Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries – Marine Living Resource Act No. 18 of 1998
Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (2009) – South Africa’s Marine Aquaculture Industry
Report 2009.
Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (2008) – South African Molluscan Shellfish
Monitoring and Control Programme
Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism Government Gazette (7 September 2007) –
Publication of Policy for the Development of a Sustainable Marine Aquaculture Sector in South Africa.
Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (2008) – An Environmental Management Plan for
Marine Aquaculture in South Africa.
Food and Agriculture Association of the United Nations (2008) – The State of World Fisheries and
Aquaculture 2008.
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11. APPENDIX
11.1. Monthly Report Broodstock
AQUACULTURE
MONTHLY REPORT TO DAFF Broodstock
ESTABLISHMENT NAME:
Location: Species: Month: Year:
Fish Numbers Average weight (if known)
In stock: Mortalities: Production Moved * Restocking ** * Origin and destination: ** Origin and destination: Hormone treatment:(if any) Spawning events Induced Natural Medicals Type of: (If applicable) In stock: Amount used: Expiry prescribed Manufacturer: Prescripted by: Chemicals Pesticides / Type of: (If applicable) In stock: Amount used: Manufacturer:
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Site/stock Date: inspection Veterinary / Health inspection: DAFF official: Water quality samples to Numbers of samples SABS DAFF Other Diseases Supplimentary information Tank /Cage Species Disease Treatment Disease/Treatment Supplementary information Other information / Special events (like algal bloom, flood, storm, electricity failure, abnormalities with regard to oxygen, temperature or other parameters etc)
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11.2. Monthly Report Hatchery/Juveniles
AQUACULTURE
MONTHLY REPORT TO DAFF Hatchery-Juveniles
ESTABLISHMENT NAME:
Location: Species: Month: Year:
Fish Numbers Average weight Total mass
In stock: Mortalities: Production Moved * Restocking ** * Origin and destination: ** Origin and destination: Food Food Manufacturer: (If applicable) Kg In stock: Kg fed: Kg bought: Kg sold: Kg wasted: Medicals Type of: (If applicable) In stock: Amount used: Expiry prescribed: Manufacturer: Prescripted by: Chemicals Pesticides / Type of: (If applicable) In stock: Amount used: Manufacturer:
Vaccine Type of:
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Amount: Manufacturer: Site/stock Date: inspection Veterinary / Health inspection: DAFF official: Water quality samples to Numbers of samples SABS DAFF Other Diseases Supplementary information Tank /Cage Species Disease Treatment Disease/Treatment Supplementary information Other information / Special events (escapes, algal bloom, flood, storm, electricity failure, abnormalities with regard to oxygen, temperature or other parameters, etc)
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11.3. Monthly Report Grow-out
AQUACULTURE
MONTHLY REPORT TO DAFF Grow-out
ESTABLISHMENT NAME:
Location: Species: Month: Year: Fish Numbers Average weight Total mass In stock: Mortalities: Production: Moved * Stock in * Origin and destination: ** Origin and destination: Food Food Manufacturer (If applicable) Stock in kg Fed in kg Bought in kg Sold in kg Wasted in kg Kg Kelp/Seaweed Medicals Type of: (If applicable) In stock: Quantity used: Expiry prescribed: Manufacturer: Prescribed by: Withdrawal period: Chemicals Pesticides / Type of: (If applicable) In stock: Quantity used: Manufacturer: Vaccine Type of: (If applicable) Amount: Manufacturer:
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Site/stock Date: Inspection Veterinary / Health inspection: DAFF official: Water quality samples to Numbers of samples SABS DAFF Other Diseases Supplementary information Tank /Cage Species Disease Treatment Disease/Treatment Supplementary information Other information / Special events (escapes, algal bloom, flood, storm, electricity failure, abnormalities with regard to oxygen, temperature or other parameters, etc)
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