COMMONLY USED
RAT KILLERPOISONS
Commonly used rat killer poisons
1. Barium carbonate2. Zinc phosphide3. Anticoagulants4. Yellow phosphorus
Steel gray crystalline powder with garlic odour
MOA: reacts with acid in stomach and liberates phosphine
SYMPTOMS; vomiting,diarrhoea,cyanosis,dyspnoea, pulmonary edema,bradycardia,coma death
FATAL DOSE; 5 gms
Trade names; RAT FREE,RAT BUSTER,RATOL GRANULES
ZINC PHOSPHIDE
GASTRIC LAVAGE: With 1. 1:5000 potassium permanganate solution, 2. 0.2% copper sulphate solution 3. 3-5% solution of sodium bicarbonate 4. 1 ounce of milk of magnesia or beaten
white of 2-3 eggs
TREATMENT
Class Examples
Coumarins/4-hydroxycoumarins
•First generation: warfarin, coumatetralyl•Second generation: difenacoum, brodifacoum, flocoumafen and bromadiolone.
1,3-indandionesdiphacinone, chlorophacinone, pindone
ANTI COAGULANTS
Available as RODENTICIDE CAKES
Fatal dose-120 mg
Fatal period-30 mins – 3 months
TRADE NAME :
ROBAN(bromodiolone 0.005%)
COUMARINS
Inhibits the synthesis of vitamin k dependant factors
Increases the capillary permeability and thereby producing internal haemorrhage
Lethal haemorrhages even with smaller doses of modern and more toxic compounds
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Begins several days after ingestion Nose bleeds Bleeding gums Haematuria Malaena Extensive Ecchymosis Shock and death
Clinical features
Phytonadione is preferrable ( ORAL)Adults and children over 12 yrs : 15-25
mgChildren under 12 yrs : 5-
10 mg
Colloidal preparation can be given I.MAbove 12 yrs : 5-10 mgUnder 12 yrs : 1-5 mg
Patient should be observed atleast 4- 5 days after ingestion
TREATMENT
A translucent garlicky paste
MOA: protoplasmic poison,affecting cellular oxidation
TRADE NAME:
RATOL PASTE(15gm)
YELLOW PHOSPHOROUS
PRIMARY:
Occurs within 2-6 hrs,lasts for 2 days Predominant GI symptoms Garlic odour(fumes of phosphoric acid)
Death-CARDIAC FAILURE,SHOCK
SYMPTOMS
SECONDARY : Lasts for 2-7 days Due to delayed absorption Predominantly affects liver and kidney Jaundice,abdominal pain,oliguria CNS: insomnia,irritability, impaired
vision,tinnitus,cramps,paralysis Pathology: 1.early stage-enlarged liver due to fatty
degeneration(NECROBIOSIS) 2.late stage-shrunken liver due to necrosis
(acute yellow atrophy)
Purpura and epistaxis due to hypoprothrombinemia
Death-HEPATIC AND RENAL FAILURE
Fatal dose-60 to 120 mg Fatal period-1-6 days
Contnd….
Gastric lavage using 1. 0.5% potassium permanganate (also
acts as chemical antidote) 2. 0.2% copper sulphate solution 3. 3-5% solution of sodium bicarbonate VIT K : 20 mg iv Blood transfusion Dextrose Calcium gluconate Dialysis
Treatment
THOSE REQUIRING ORDINARY CARE Zinc phosphide Norbromide Red squill THOSE REQUIRING MAXIMAL PRECAUTIONS Sodium fluoroacetate Fluoro acetamide Strychnine TOO DANGEROUS FOR USE Phosphorus Arsenic trioxide Thallium sulphate
WHO CLASSIFICATION
THANK YOU
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