Maos Consolidation of Power Terror Andrea, Emma, Deborah
Slide 2
Introduction Terror was used as during Mao's consolidation of
power. There were primarily five different ways of terror:Terror
was used as during Mao's consolidation of power. There were
primarily five different ways of terror: 1. Labour Camps (Lao
Gai)1. Labour Camps (Lao Gai) 2. Public Denunciations &
Purges2. Public Denunciations & Purges 3. Mass Campaigns3. Mass
Campaigns 4. Imprisonments & Executions4. Imprisonments &
Executions 5. Social Scrutiny5. Social Scrutiny
Slide 3
Labor camps (Lao Gai) lao-gai prisonslao-gai prisons millions
of Chinese sent to these campsmillions of Chinese sent to these
camps harsh environments, hard physical labour in the fields or
mines.harsh environments, hard physical labour in the fields or
mines. over 1,000 camps by the late 1960sover 1,000 camps by the
late 1960s estimated that as many as 27 million peopleestimated
that as many as 27 million people executed, committed suicide or
worked to death in camps.executed, committed suicide or worked to
death in camps.
Slide 4
Public Denunciations & purges The purge of Gao Gang and Rao
ShushiThe purge of Gao Gang and Rao Shushi Gao became head of the
Central Planning Commission to direct the First Five Year Plan.Gao
became head of the Central Planning Commission to direct the First
Five Year Plan. Gao took side of Mao, criticised Zhou Enlai and Liu
Shaoqi for their more cautious approachGao took side of Mao,
criticised Zhou Enlai and Liu Shaoqi for their more cautious
approach Mao accused Gao and Rao of attempting to build independent
kingdoms and of underground activities.Mao accused Gao and Rao of
attempting to build independent kingdoms and of underground
activities. Gao committed suicide and Rao was arrestedGao committed
suicide and Rao was arrested
Slide 5
Mass Campaigns The Resist America & Korea Campaign The
Resist America & Korea Campaign Korean War 1950Korean War 1950
foreigners were the enemies of Chinaforeigners were the enemies of
China Westerners were prosecuted and accused of being
spiesWesterners were prosecuted and accused of being spies Churches
were closed and priests expelledChurches were closed and priests
expelled SuspicionSuspicion
Slide 6
Mass Campaigns Suppression of Counter-revolutionaries Campaign
Suppression of Counter-revolutionaries Campaign October 1950October
1950 concentrated on internal threats;concentrated on internal
threats; counter-revolutionary = GMD, bandits and religious
sectcounter-revolutionary = GMD, bandits and religious sect
denounced, investigated, punisheddenounced, investigated, punished
Shanghai = 28,332 in less than 1 yearShanghai = 28,332 in less than
1 year Public executionsPublic executions Mao: Persons who have to
be executed to assuage the peoples anger must be put to death for
this purposeMao: Persons who have to be executed to assuage the
peoples anger must be put to death for this purpose
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Mass campaigns The Three-Antis Campaign The Three-Antis
Campaign started in Manchuria, late 1950sstarted in Manchuria, late
1950s targets; corruption, waste, obstructionist
bureaucracytargets; corruption, waste, obstructionist bureaucracy
mass meetings & denunciationsmass meetings & denunciations
self-criticismself-criticism success!success!
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Mass campaigns The Five-Antis Campaign The Five-Antis Campaign
January 1952January 1952 directed against the bourgeoisiedirected
against the bourgeoisie Targets; bribery, tax evasion, theft,
cheatingTargets; bribery, tax evasion, theft, cheating Group
criticism & confessionsGroup criticism & confessions those
found guilty had to face enormous finesthose found guilty had to
face enormous fines confiscation of property & labour
campsconfiscation of property & labour camps 2-3 million
suicides2-3 million suicides people had no freedom and private
thoughtpeople had no freedom and private thought
Slide 9
Imprisonments & executions Persecution of former landlords
and merchantsPersecution of former landlords and merchants
Execution of more powerful landlordsExecution of more powerful
landlords Drug dealing was clamped down - dealers shotDrug dealing
was clamped down - dealers shot Public executions to terrorise the
populationPublic executions to terrorise the population Jung
Chang's view: Mao intended most of the population (children and
adults alike) to witness violence and killing - aim was to scare
and brutalise the entire populationJung Chang's view: Mao intended
most of the population (children and adults alike) to witness
violence and killing - aim was to scare and brutalise the entire
population
Slide 10
Slide 11
Social Scrutiny A nationwide network of work units, street and
neighbourhood committees establishedA nationwide network of work
units, street and neighbourhood committees established By summer of
1951: Chinese citizens over age of 15 - acquire official residence
permits from the police + obtain permission if they wished to move
to another areaBy summer of 1951: Chinese citizens over age of 15 -
acquire official residence permits from the police + obtain
permission if they wished to move to another area Every citizen
under scrutiny of their neighbours, workmates + people = encouraged
to inform on each otherEvery citizen under scrutiny of their
neighbours, workmates + people = encouraged to inform on each
other
Slide 12
Results & Conclusion Effective method in consolidating
Mao's power in ChinaEffective method in consolidating Mao's power
in China Feeling of fear and constant scrutiny from society led to
obedience of the Chinese peopleFeeling of fear and constant
scrutiny from society led to obedience of the Chinese people
Opposition = virtually wiped out or silencedOpposition = virtually
wiped out or silenced Prostitution = virtually stamped out by
1953Prostitution = virtually stamped out by 1953 Through
ruthlessness and careful organisation, much of crime in Chinas
cities in years before 1949 = stamped outThrough ruthlessness and
careful organisation, much of crime in Chinas cities in years
before 1949 = stamped out CCP increased control over Chinese
societyCCP increased control over Chinese society