LTE DemystifiedWhat is LTE and how does it work?
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Agenda Intro to Broadband Concepts
– Defining Broadband and Broadband Services LTE Technology
– LTE Features and Performance– LTE Architecture– LTE Radio Interface– MIMO– LTE Services and Voice– Evolution Option to LTE– Spectrum for LTESpectrum for LTE– Deployment Benefits of LTE– Q&A
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Q&A
Introduction to Broadband Why is Wireless Broadband so important?
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Wireless Broadband Requirements
Increasing Smartphone and “dongle” usage
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g g g More data applications available
Data is booming, but…
1700%)Global data revenue and traffic growth, 2008‐2013
1300%
1500%
1700%
8 = 100%
)
900%
1100%
%
wth (2
008
Revenue
Traffic
500%
700%
based grow
100%
300%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Reb
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
More efficient technologies required to reduce the cost per bit
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Candidate technologies are HSPA+ and LTE (or WiMAX?)
Typical Broadband Services
Messaging and Social Networking
telemetry and remote control
Messaging and Social Networking
Internet Connection
TV, VoD, Radio
Voice (VoIP)Voice (VoIP)Application Stores
7 Cloud Computing
Wireless Technology Evolution
LTE
TACS, NMT, AMPSVoice only
GSM, CDMA, UMTS, cdma2000
LTESuper Fast Data
4G?
LTE Advanced ?TDMAVoice, Data, Text
GPRS EDGE
UMTS, cdma2000Packet data, Multimedia
HSDPA HSUPA
Ultra Fast Data
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GPRS, EDGEPacket data
HSDPA, HSUPAFaster Data
LTE TechnologySo what is Long Term Evolution?
All material is Copyright © Informa Telecoms & Media
Long Term Evolution LTE
LTE: - a new cellular radio standardallowing faster, more efficient transferof data enabling the next generationof data, enabling the next generation of mobile data services
All new All IP, Mobile Wireless Broadband Network LTE is part of 3GPP evolution LTE is part of 3GPP evolution Can we call LTE 4G? Do people care?
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Mobile Technology Evolution• LTE has evolved from early GSM technology• Development was started by the European Telecom Standards Institute (ETSI)• Development is now managed by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
LTE i f R l 8 f h S ifi i• LTE is part of Release 8 of the Specifications
GSM Phase 1Basic Voice
1991
GSM Phase 2+New Voice Codec
Further Optimizations
GSM Phase 2+R97/98
More GPRSEDGE1997
R4Core Network
Soft switch2000
R6HSUPAALL IP
R8LTE
R10LTE Advanced?
20121991 1995 1997 2000 2004 2008 2012
1993 1996 1999 2002 20061993GSM Phase 2Txt Messages
Basic Data
1996GSM Phase 2+
Release 96GPRS
1999R99
UMTS Radio Network
2002R5
HSDPAIMS
2006R7
HSPA+
2010R9
LTE Enhancements
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LTE PerformanceD t R t & B d idth Data Rates & Bandwidth
3 – 4 times more capacity than HSxPA Release 6 100 300Mbps 100 – 300Mbps
Less time spent downloading content, LTE is a lot faster Greater number of mobiles connected to the network, Higher Capacity
D l (L t ) Delay (Latency) 3 – 4 times less delay than HSxPA Release 6 100mS Connection Setup 100mS Connection Setup 5 – 20mS roundtrip delay
Much more responsive web browsingB tt i IP f Better voice over IP performance
Other LTE Benefits Advanced Antenna technologies increase capacityg p y Advanced Antenna technologies increase cell size All IP (packet data) network for faster, more efficient services
LTE I t k ith i ti GSM/UMTS t k
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LTE can Interwork with existing GSM/UMTS networks LTE supports multimedia broadcasting
LTE Data Performance, DownloadingTypical 3 – 5 minute YouTube clip
5 Megabytes of information
GPRS @ 40Kb 125GPRS @ 40Kbps 125s
EDGE GPRS @100Kbps 50sEDGE GPRS @100Kbps 50s
UMTS @ 384Kbps 13s
HSPA @1Mbps 5s average user data rate
LTE @ 5Mbps 1s average user data rate
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LTE Architecture (high level)New Access NetworkBase Station - Evolved Node BX2 interface for improved Handover and Interference ManagementBackhaul Connections are Critical CapacityBackhaul Connections are Critical, Capacity
Downlink Radio InterfaceOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)Improved Performance in Urban AreasMultiple In Multiple Out (MIMO)
Uplink Radio InterfaceUplink Radio InterfaceSingle Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA)Good Urban Area PerformanceDesigned for Good Battery Life
eNB eNBX2eUTRAN UE
14eNB – Evolved Node B;MME – Mobility Management Entity; SGW – Serving GatewayP-GW – Packet Data Gateway UE – User Equipment
MME d SGW PGW
LTE Architecture (high level)New Core Network•Evolved Packet Core•All IP for efficiency•New Network Elements•Designed to be Flexible and
MME and SGW•Mobility Management Entity
•Overall control of the UE and Data Sessions•Handle Handovers and
PGW•Packet Gateway
•provides connection to external networks•internet, IMS, WAP, MMS•Designed to be Flexible and
Scalable•Self Organising Network (SON)
Handle Handovers and Location Management
Serving Gateway•Handles User Data•Controlled by the MME
internet, IMS, WAP, MMS•Manages the IP session for the User Equipment
SGWPGW S5 S1 USGWPGW
S11
S5 S1-U
eNB eNBX2eUTRAN UE
EPCAll IP
All New
MMES1-MME
15eNB – Evolved Node B;MME – Mobility Management Entity; SGW – Serving GatewayP-GW – Packet Data Gateway UE – User Equipment
LTE Architecture (high level)InterworkingDefined interfaces for interworkingUMTS/GPRS interworkingWiFi/WiMAX I t kiWiFi/WiMAX InterworkingInterworking with Trusted/non-Trusted
UMTSWLAN
S3 S4 S12S2
SGWPGW S5 S1 U
S3,S4,S12S2
SGWPGW
S11
S5 S1-U
eNB eNBX2eUTRAN UE
EPCAll IP
All New
MMES1-MME
16eNB – Evolved Node B;MME – Mobility Management Entity; SGW – Serving GatewayP-GW – Packet Data Gateway UE – User Equipment
LTE Architecture (high level)
Connection to External NetworksIMS, MMS, WAP, Media Centers
IMS
SGi UMTSWLAN
S3 S4 S12S2
SGWPGW S5 S1 U
S3,S4,S12S2
SGWPGW
S11
S5 S1-U
eNB eNBX2eUTRAN UE
EPCAll IP
All New
MMES1-MME
17eNB – Evolved Node B;MME – Mobility Management Entity; SGW – Serving GatewayP-GW – Packet Data Gateway UE – User Equipment
LTE Radio Interface OverviewKey FeaturesKey Features
Flexible Bandwidth Options1 4 20 MH 1.4 – 20 MHz
High Order Modulation and Coding QPSK, 16 QAM and 64 QAMQ S , 6 Q a d 6 Q Adaptive modulation and coding
Robust OFDMA in the DownlinkC
eNBeNBeNB
Multi-Carrier Transmission Good Multipath Performance Suited to Advanced Antenna Techniques
Efficient SC-FDMA in the Uplink Still good Multipath Performance Decoding complexity in the eNB UE Decoding complexity in the eNB More power efficient than OFDMA
Advanced Antenna Support
UE
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MIMO, 2x2, 4x4 Beamforming
LTE Radio Interface OverviewOFDMA and SC FDMAOFDMA and SC-FDMA
y
• 12 Sub-Carriers/RB
Freq
uenc
y
Freq
uenc
y
• Good Multipath Performance• Simplified UE Receiver• Scalable OFDMA• Supports MIMO
Time
• Supports MIMO
eNBeNBeNB UE
cy
Freq
uenc
y
Freq
uenc
• Single Carrier /RB• Simplified UE Design
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Time
• Lower power Consumption• No MIMO
LTE Radio Interface OverviewMIMOMIMO
eNBeNBeNB UE
• Downlink only• 2 or 4 Transmit antennas at
the base station
• Spatial Multiplexing increases data rate
• Up to 4x increase in Capacity*
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• 2 or 4 Receive antennas at the UE
• Requires an Urban Environment
• Won’t work every where
Services for LTELTE Services• 3rd Party Content• Operator Managed ContentOperator Managed Content• Video, Social Networking, WWW
LTE Network • Is a transport/delivery network• Can manage content QoSg• High capacity means many customers
Content Management• IMS
S i D li Pl tf
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• Service Delivery Platform• LTE compatible with existing solutions
Voice and LTEIMS N t kIMS Network• Call Session Control Function (CSCF)• Register VoIP Users
Processes VoIP Call• Processes VoIP Call• Manages VoIP Services
IMSIMS VoIP
AppSignalling (SIP)
App
EPCLTE NetworkLTE Network• Establishes Initial Bearer• Must maintain an “always on” connection• Transfers SIP Signalling to IMS
Media (RTP)
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Transfers SIP Signalling to IMS• Routes the VoIP Media
Evolution Paths to LTE
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Source; Informa Telecoms and Media
LTE Deployment Timelines
LTSI LTE/SAE T i l I iti ti
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LTSI – LTE/SAE Trial InitiativeSAE – Service Architecture Evolution
Source: Informa Telecoms & Media
Spectrum for LTE
LTE uses Wideband Channels 5 MHz, 10 MHz Large spectral allocations are required
Can use any IMT designated Spectrum Spectrum re-farming?
G/ G ? Replace your existing 2G/3G with LTE? Not an options for many operators
UE hardware Issues UE hardware Issues Mobile equipment becomes hard (expensive!) to build when so
many bands are used
Roaming issues No harmonised spectrum
Some Countries have not yet assigned any spectrum Some Countries have not yet assigned any spectrum This may delay the launch of LTE in some markets
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The Radio SpectrumVLFVery
LFLow
MFMedium
HFHigh
VHFVery
UHFUltra
SHFSuper
Low Freq
Freq Freq Freq High Freq
High Freq
High Freq
3KHz 30KHz 300KHz 3MHz 30MHz 300MHz 3GHz 300GHz
TV DECTIMT BandsShown in White
TV
GSM
300 500 900 1500 1800 2500 3000 4000
GSM
UMTS
WiFi
WiMAX Shown in White
UHF Band is very busy Most mobile radio services operate in this band
300 500 900 1500 1800 2500 3000 4000MHz MHz
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p Many frequencies in UHF are designated IMT bands LTE can be deployed in any IMT Band
Possible LTE Frequency Bands for MEA880 960
450 – 470MHz
LimitedAvailability
880-960MHzGSM
ForeseeableFuture
2110-2200MHz
Remains UMTSHSPA
2500-2690MHz
Most LikelyDeployments
Availability Future
TV
TV
GSM GSM
UMTS
WiFi
WiMAX DECT
300 500 900 1500 1800 2500 3000 4000MHz MHz
790 - 862790 - 862MHz
Available 2 -3 Years
2300 – 2400MHz
Limited Availability
3400 – 3600MHz
Not Suitable forLTE
1710-2025MHz
Good PotentialEquipment ? Availability
These bands identified in addition to the existing GSM and UMTS bands Local/Regional Regulation will manage the migration of technologies
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g g g g g These are IMT bands therefore LTE could be deployed
Pros and Cons of the Frequency bands
Frequency Advantage Disadvantage CommentLower -Good propagation
Good in building-Problems with interference
Sometimes called the Digital DividendFrequencies
400 – 900MHz
-Good in-building coverage-large cells possible-may be cheaper to deploy
interference,-possible lower capacity-Antennas are large
the Digital Dividend,many TV services are still using this band
deploy
HigherFrequencies1Gh 4GH
-Higher capacity designs possible-Smaller Antennas
-worse propagation-building penetration very high
2.5GHz may still be used to build mobile systems, but more
1Ghz – 4GHz -may result in high cost networks
difficult, 3.5GHz the problems increase
Lower frequencyBigger Radio CellLower Capacity
400MHz – 900MHz 1GHz – 4GHz
Higher frequency
Lower Capacity
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Higher frequencySmaller Radio CellHigher Capacity
Example – London LTE Cell at 2.6 Ghz
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Example – London LTE Cell at 900 MHz
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Deployment Benefits of LTE Cost Saving and Capacity Improvements
– Cost per Megabit3% f th t f EDGE 20% f th t f 3G– 3% of the cost of EDGE, 20% of the cost of 3G (Ali Amer, STC)
– Cost savings from lower OPEX, Self Configuring Network, Reuse of Assets– Urban Area payback 4-5 years for existing cellular operators
U b A b k 6 f fi ld– Urban Area payback 6-7 years for greenfield operators
“Cost reduction more important than performance increases initially” (Adrian Scrase 3GPP)increases, initially (Adrian Scrase, 3GPP)
LTE Self Organising Network– 50% less CAPEX, 30% less OPEX (Ihab Ghattas, Huawei ME)50% ess C , 30% ess O ( ab G a as, ua e )
HSPA/HSPA+ may have some short term benefits– HSPA+ with MIMO will require considerable CAPEX (Ayman Elnashar, Du)
Race for LTE less urgent– WiMAX market position is clearer
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What are the alternatives to LTE? HSPA/HSPA+
Might be closer for some than LTE Use existing Spectrum More “natural” roadmap in the short term Solid Evolution Path (R6, R7, R8….) Good Performance (20-40 Mbps +)
WiMAX
Perhaps more “fixed” than mobileG d f Good performance
It’s here! – increasing number of user devicesMa not be the most nat ral roadmap for cell lar May not be the most natural roadmap for cellular operators
Remember 802 16m is a 4G candidate
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Remember 802.16m is a 4G candidate
Factors Affecting the Cost of LTE
Use of Ethernet over Fibre Technology in the Backhaul E1/T1 is expensive Backhaul still a major issue
Fewer system Components No RNC Flatter Network Architecture
Smaller Base Station Components Smaller Base Station Components Less power required Remote Radio Head utilisation Remote Radio Head utilisation
More Spectrally Efficient Use of advanced antenna techniques High order modulation
Cost of License?
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So where are we with LTE?
LTE Status ReportQ4 2010Q4 2010
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Telecoms Academy
http:// www.telecomsacademy.comhttp://www schooloflte com/
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http://www.schooloflte.com/[email protected]