Linde Gas
Hydrogen ProductionConventional and Renewable
EU-Sustainable Energy WeekBrussels, 30.01.2008, A. Stubinitzky
Linde Gas
2
— Ammoniac (NH3) production (~ 50% of worldwide demand)
— Oil Industry (~ 45% of worldwide demand)
— Semi-conductor production
— Glass Industry (Shielding gas)
— „Hydrogenation“ of fats and oils
— Methanol production
— Production of HCL
— Plastics Recycling
— Rocket fuel
— Welding, cutting
New application:Fuel Cells and H2 internal combustion engines
Hydrogen Market
Linde Gas
3
Fossil Energy (Natural
Gas)
Compression/Liquefaction
Distribution Filling Station
H2 - ICE
Fuel Cell
RenewableEnergy
Linde Competence
New Market
The Entire Hydrogen Value ChainAutomotive
H2
Production
Linde Gas
4Source: ECOFYS 2004 & DWV
Hydrogen Production Today: Hydrogen as Industrial Gas - from Fossil Feedstocks
99% from fossil feedstocks
thereof ~ 70% from natural gas
Linde Gas
5
CH4 + 2 H2O 4 H2 +
CO2
Conventional Hydrogen Production Steam Methane Reforming
Linde Gas
6
Renewable Hydrogen Production OptionsH2 as Energy Storage for Renewable Energy Systems
99% aus fossilen Quellen
Very high potential - still high electricity acquisition costs (PV) or high distances from “H2 demand centres” (SOT)
Very high potential – due to a fluctuating availability, combined energy storage & H2 production seems promising
Potential has been made available – geographically limited – able to provide base load
High potential - in particular the use of biogenous residues seems very promising
Technology is not yet commercially available -very high potential - able to provide base load
The use of bio feedstocks – in particular bio-residues – offers an economical viable option for renewable H2 production in the short- to mid-term
REN
EW
AB
LE E
NE
RG
Y
Linde Gas
7
BioHydrogen
Lignocellulosic Biomass(Straw, wood, …)
Steam Methane Reforming
Anaerobic exposure
Biomethane from Biogas
Biogenous residues (e.g. organic industrial waste)
Pyrolysis, Gasification/Reforming, …
E.g. Organic Residues, Energy Crops, …
Gasification(Synthesis Gas &
CO-Shift)
BioHydrogenPossible Pathways
Feedstock
Technology
Intermediate
Product
Linde Gas
8
Process Scheme Steam Methane Reforming
FeedPretreat-
ment
SteamReforming
CO-ShiftConversion
PressureSwing
Adsorption
WasteHeat
RecoveryDemin Water
Feed
Fuel
Hydrogen
Export Steam
H2-Recycle
Purgegas
Pro
cess
Ste
am
Linde Gas
9
6 CO2 + 6 H2O
C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Photosynthesis
Solar Energy
BiomassBiomass == Stored Solar EnergyStored Solar Energy
Biomass FormationPhotosynthesis
Linde Gas
10Source: World Energy Outlook, International Energy Agency, 2005
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL): „…Potential of Biomass: 15% of the world‘s
energy by 2050…“
2000
2010
2020
2020
1Mtoe =11.630GWh = 4,1868·104TJ (Mtoe = metric tons equivalent of oil)
Coal
Biomass
Commercial
Biomass
2008
Worldwide Biomass Potential(IEA Scenario)
Linde Gas
11
260.
000
200.
000
380.
000
410.
000
765.
000
750.
000
475.
000
480.
000
0
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
140.000
160.000
Energy
Maiz
e - LH
2 - FC
Energy
Maiz
e - CG
H2 - F
C
Energy
Maiz
e - Bi
oMetha
ne
Popla
r - LH
2 - FC
Popla
r - CG
H2 - F
C
Popla
r - Bt
L
Entir
e Whe
at Pl
ant
Rape
Seed
- RME
Wind
Ons
hore - L
H2 - F
C
Wind
Ons
hore - C
GH2 -
FC
PV - L
H2 - F
C
PV - C
GH2 -
FC
[km
/ m
io. h
a*a]
400.000
600.000
800.0002010 H2
2020 H2
2010 Alt. Biofuels
2020 Alt. Biofuels
Sustainable Hydrogen ProductionClassification of Potential – Net Cruising Range
Source: Own Calculations; Concawe/EUCAR Well to WheelStudy 2007;
Linde Gas
12
Climate Neutral HydrogenA First Step
Linde Gas
13
Mobile Filling Station “TraiLH2TM“
Linde Gas
Stationary/Public Filling StationCEP Berlin
Linde Gas
Thank you for your attention
EU-Sustainable Energy WeekBrussels, 30.01.2008, A. Stubinitzky
Top Related