Linde Material Handling
06.07.2010
English
Linde Material Handling
Ex-Trucks
Potentially explosive-hazardous areas2008
Linde Material Handling
06.07.2010
Content
1 Fundamentals Ex-Protection
3 Ex-Trucks with Gas Safety System
2 Ex-Trucks – Full protection
Linde Material Handling
Fundamentals Ex-Protection
Potentially explosive-hazardous areas2008
Linde Material Handling
06.07.2010
Explosion triangle
Oxyg
en
IgnitionSource
Combustible Material
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Potentially explosive atmosphere
Classification of explosive types of gases
T4 T5 T6(135°C) (100°C) (85°C)
Explosion groups
(450°C)
Temperature classesT3
(200°C)T2
(300°C)T1
IIC
IIB
IIA
(470°C)
Toluenel (535°C)
Acetone (540°C)Ethane (515°C)
Ethyl acetate (460°C)Ammoniac (630°C)
Benzol (555°C)
Acetic acid (485°C)
Carbonic oxide(605°C)
Methanol
Ethyl alcohol (425°C) Fuel (220-300°C)
i-Amyl acetate (375°C) Diesel fuel (220-300°C)
n-Butane (365°C) Kerosene. (220-300°C)
N-Butyl alcoh. (340°C) Fuel oil (220-300°C)
n-Hexane (240°C)
Ethylene (425°C) Ethyl glycol (235°C) Ethyl aether
Ethylene oxide (440°C) Hydrosulphide (270°C) (170°C)
Carbon(95°C)
Town gas
Hydrogen (560°C) Acetylene (305°C)
(560°C)
Propane
(455°C)
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Potentially explosive atmosphere
Classification of dust
— Particle size of dust
— Max. surface temperature 2/3 of the minimum ignition temperature [°C] of the dust cloud
— Max. temperature of the surfaces with dust deposition: Safe distance lower about the minimum ignition temperature of thickest credible layer
Safe distance: 75 K
Minimum ignition temperature of thickness 5 mm = Glow temperature
Classification of dust
— Particle size of dust
— Max. surface temperature 2/3 of the minimum ignition temperature [°C] of the dust cloud
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06.07.2010
Example classification Wheat
Particle size: 37 µm
Minimum ignition temperature: 510 °C
2/3 * 510 °C = 340 °C
Glow temperature: 300 °C (Minimum ignition temperature of thickness 5mm) 300 °C – 75 °C = 225 °C
è Classification „T3“ (200 °C)
Potentially explosive atmosphere
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06.07.2010
Explosion-hazardous areas are categorized according to their susceptibility in regard to a potential manifestation of dangerous, explosive atmospheres
Flammable gases, vapuror mist
Presence of potentially explosive atmosphere
Potentially explosive area
Flammable dustin form of a dust cloud
0 Continuously, for long periods or frequently
20
1 Occasionally
22
21
2 Not in normal way, only persist for a short period
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Potentially explosive area
Descriptive example
Zone 2
Zone 0
Zone 1
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06.07.2010
Potentially explosive area
According to Atex 94/9/EC the EX equipment is classified as follows:
Group of equipment II
Zone CategoryGas [G]/Dust [D]
0
1
2
20
21
22
G
G
G
D
D
D
1G
2G
3G
1D
2D
3D
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Identification of equipment
Manufacturer
Certifying authority (INERIS)
and test-Nr (ATEX)
Ex-truck Group II (Above-ground)
Category 2, Gas
2G à Zone 1Explosion group II B ( e.g. Ethyl eather) Temperature class 4 (135°C)
CE- Symbol and Id-Nr. certifying authority (TÜV Rheinland) of
production plant
1
4
123
2001
3000 kg
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06.07.2010
Industrial applications of Ex-Trucks
Industries
— Chemical industry
— Petrochemical industry
— Pharmaceutical industry
— Food industry
— Offshore oil and gas rigs
— Transport / logistics
— Paint production and storage
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Explosion protection measures
Fire protectionaccording to
IEC /ENPressure resistant enclosure 'd`
Basic principle
Components that could ignite an atmosphere that is potentially explosive, are sealed in a pressure tight enclosure, which can withstand an explosion of a potentially explosive mixture within the enclosure and prevents a propagation of the explosion into the external atmosphere around the enclosure
Applications Switching device, command- and display devices, steerages, engines, transformers, lights and other devices that produce sparks
Schematic viewL
Crack - s w
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Upper control enclosure openedLower control enclosure opened
Explosion protection measures
Pressure resistant enclosure 'd`
Control enclosure series 115
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Examples of certified Ex-components
— Control valve
— Battery connection
— Heat exchanger
— Indicator unit
— Axle
— IC- engine
Explosion protection measures
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Other measures
— Antistatic seat
— Antistatic tyres
— Brass coated, non sparking
forks
Explosion protection measures
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Certified third-party products
— Lighting
— Audible warning in reverse
— Flashing beacon
— Micro switch
— Ex- protected batteries
— Attachments
Explosion protection measures
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