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Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Linde AGDivision Linde Gas
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Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
XV ICF Technical Exchange Conference
Arques/St. Omer, France
Effective surface coating with carbon applied to the production of crystal & lead crystal articles by
Carboflam-technology
Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Goerisch
Linde AG Division Linde Gas
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Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Gas Applications & Products
3. Carboflam Basics
4. Carboflam characteristics
5. Equipment
6. Sample installations
7. Summary & outlook
4
Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Gas Applications & Products
3. Carboflam Basics
4. Carboflam characteristics
5. Equipment
6. Sample installations
7. Summary & outlook
5
Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Linde EngineeringEngineering and constructionAir and gas separation plantsChemical and petrochemical plants
Sales:Employees:
1,036 Mio. Euro34,060
Linde GasGases and gas application processes, systems and equipment
Gas and Engineering 2002Sales:Employees: 17,500
3,889 Mio. Euro
Material Handling 2002Industrial trucksHydraulics
Sales:Employees:
2,979 Mio. Euro18,188
Refrigeration 2002Refrigerated and freezer display casesand cold roomsNon-refrigerated shop equipmentSpace and process cooling systems
Sales:Employees:
879 Mio. Euro6,276
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Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Gas Applications & Products
3. Carboflam Basics
4. Carboflam characteristics
5. Equipment
6. Sample installations
7. Summary & outlook
7
Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Glass Segments, Gas Glass Segments, Gas Applications Applications & & TypesTypes of Gasof Gas
Target Segments Used gases Linde technology
availlable, not namedCOROX I+IICOROX I+II
Speciality O2+H2Flat N2+H2Art & tablew. O2+C2H2 CARBOFLAM
surface mixed LINFIRECARBOPOX
O2+H2 HYDROPOXArt & T. O2 'Glory Hole'Speciality SG: Kr, SF6 etc.
Application
O2
O2Forming & Processing
Flame treatment / Fire polishing
Reheating Station
premixed
Filling
MeltingAll Segments
Art & T., Speciality
Special MeltingInertingLubrication / Blackening
Oxygen EnrichmentOxygen LancingOxygen boosting / Oxy Fuel BoostingAll Oxy Fuel
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Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Glass Segments, Gas Glass Segments, Gas Applications Applications & & TypesTypes of Gasof Gas
Target Segments Used gases Linde technology
availlable, not namedCOROX I+IICOROX I+II
Speciality O2+H2Flat N2+H2Art & tablew. O2+C2H2 CARBOFLAM
surface mixed LINFIRECARBOPOX
O2+H2 HYDROPOXArt & T. O2 'Glory Hole'Speciality SG: Kr, SF6 etc.
Oxygen EnrichmentOxygen LancingOxygen boosting / Oxy Fuel BoostingAll Oxy Fuel
Art & T., Speciality
Special MeltingInertingLubrication / Blackening
Application
O2
O2Forming & Processing
Flame treatment / Fire polishing
Reheating Station
premixed
Filling
MeltingAll Segments
9
Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Gas Applications & Products
3. Carboflam Basics
4. Carboflam characteristics
5. Equipment
6. Sample installations
7. Summary & outlook
10
Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Possible technologies applied to surface coatings in the crystall or lead crystall production
- Chromium plating of metal surfaces,
- Surface finishing of moulds by creating ceramic layers,
- Polishing of metall surfaces (e.g. like moulds),
- Coating of surfaces by spraying systems, e.g. with graphite suspensions, waxes
or water-/oil-suspensions,
- Use of burner systems, e.g. a natural gas/air burner, where propane is injected
into the flame in the case of coating with carbon,
- Carboflam-burner systems for surface coatings with carbon!
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Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Carboflam-technology
- Coating of surfaces with the Carboflamtechnology is the alternative to sepera-
ting and insulating with graphite suspensions, waxes and emulsions,
- Carbon is applied with an acetylene/oxygen flame,
- Once being combusted, acetylene separates into carbon and hydrogen and
creates a thin carbon layer on the mould surface.
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Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Carbon in the Carboflam-process
- Carbon (or carbon black) is produced under exactly defined conditions and is
generally physiologically safe,
- Within the Carboflam-process we talk about carbon coating, and not sooting,
- Acetylene and oxygen is burnt in such a defined way, that in the range of 95-97%
of the resultant carbon is deposited on the surface being coated,
- Due to shortest coating periods (less than 0,1 sec.) the workplace concentration
of substances is significantly lower than when spraying and than burning oils or
suspensions.
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Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Structures and properties of carbon coats by Carboflam-technology
- Acetylene carbon particles consist of 98-100% pure carbon, contain virtually
no volatile or extractable components and are not solutable in water,
- Coats produced with the Carboflam-process consists of almost globular par-
ticles (each of these particles consist of a large number of small crystalls in a
size range of 2-3 nm),which are lined up each behind an other in a chain,
- The coats lie parallel to each other, deposited on the surface of the mould,
- The lubrcation effect of acetylene carbon is very low, compared to other tech-
nologies.
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Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Carboflam-technology, burner principle
- The carbon coat is applied using an outside mixing burner, a so-called air-
shield burner,
- Acetylene is shielded by
an oxygen stream,
- Acetylene and oxygen
are ignited by a perma-
nently burning acetylene /
oxygen flame
Principle of the Carboflam-burner
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Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Carboflam-technology, process principle
First phase
Second phase
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Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Carboflam- temperature measurement, normal glass
middle of the mould
lower point of the mould
Lubrication by manual,
water-/oil-suspension
T em
pera
t ur e
/ C
Time / hours
Carboflam-coating
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Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Carboflam- coating compared to manual coating
Time / hours
middle of the mould
lower point of the mould
Carboflam
lubrication
Lubrication by manual,
water-/oil-suspension
T em
pera
t ur e
/ C
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Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Carboflam- independence of mould surface temperature andcoating cycle
Datas
Calculated graph
y = y0 + A1exp(-x/t1)
T em
pera
t ur e
/ C
Coating frequency
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Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Gas Applications & Products
3. Carboflam Basics
4. Carboflam characteristics
5. Equipment
6. Sample installations
7. Summary & outlook
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Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Characteristics of the Carboflam-System
Surface mixed burners Electric / electropneumatic control unitsCooled / uncooled burnersStandard burners / special designed burnersMaterials: brass, stainless steel
Carboflam- Technology
Used gases Acetylen and Oxygen
Areas of application Effective deposition of surfaces with carbon
Working parameters distance 5-10 cmtime for carbon deposition < 0,1 sec.
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Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Advantages and typical uses of Carboflam
- Improvement of the glass quality (e.g. production of crystall or lead cry-stall articles,
- Reduction of flash arising from the manufacturing process (e.g. seams,sharp edges, press- or cold-/flow-waves),
- Effective deposition on mould surfaces, suitable to round-about and IS-machines, up to a number of cuts per minute of 100,
- Improvement of the process stability (adjustment, automatic),
- Surface coating with carbon as process replacement,
- Autmatic requalification of the carbon layer,
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Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Advantages and typical uses of Carboflam
- Possibility to raise the mould temperature,
- Possibility for new products,
- Mould duration increased (e.g. 200 - 500 %),
- Reduction of maintenance costs,
- Increased productivity + higher mould duration+ reduced losses
- Safety
- Minimized polution
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Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Gas Applications & Products
3. Carboflam Basics
4. Carboflam characteristics
5. Equipment
6. Sample installations
7. Summary & outlook
24
Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Carboflam-gas supply concept, pressure regulation
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Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Carboflam-principle
1
4 5
6Pos. Pos.
1 Mixing valve, pilot flame 4 Electric valve, acetylene2 Manual valve, acetylene 5 Electric valve, oxygen3 Manual valve, oxygen 6 Carboflam-burner
Mixing valve, pilot flame
Oxygen
Acetylene
2 3
4 5
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Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Carboflam-burner, scheme
Design principle of a Carboflam-burners, two- and three nozzle
Design principle of a Carboflam-burner, one nozzle
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Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Carboflam-Burner
Standard Carboflam-burner
Carboflam- burner, double glass drop
Carboflam- burner, three glass drop
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Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Carboflam: test equipment in the lab
- Burner test e.g. for double
drop burners
- Investigation of coating fla-
mes (stability, size, etc.),
- Characterisation
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Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Gas Applications & Products
3. Carboflam Basics
4. Carboflam characteristics
5. Equipment
6. Sample installations
7. Summary & outlook
30
Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Carboflam- installation
Container glass
Tableware
Float glass
Industrial glass
Container glass : Bottles, jars, cosmetics containersTableware: Glasses, plates, vasesFloat glass: car windshields, construction glass, reinforced glassIndustrial glass: Borosilicat glass, ampoules, tubes
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Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Carboflam- installation, production of normal glass
32
Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Gas Applications & Products
3. Carboflam Basics
4. Carboflam characteristics
5. Equipment
6. Sample installations
7. Summary & outlook
33
Ideas became technology
Linde AG, Gas and Engineering, M. Grisch
Carboflam
Due to the technology, burner design, working parameters etc:
High effective technique for surface coating with carbon, compared to spraying systems or lubrication by manualRising productivitiy within improving the process stability Cost savings
Automatic lubrication,water-/oil-suspension
Demands/Requirements
Results/Effectivity
Lubrication by manual,water-/oil-suspension
Carboflam
Rising requirements
higher efficiency
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