TOP LEVEL MANAGEMENT
MIDDLE LEVEL MANAGEMENT
LOWER LEVEL MANAGEMENT
FRONT LEVEL MANAGEMENT
CORPORATE PLANNINGAND
FUNCTIONAL PLANNING
STRATEGIC PLANNING AND
OPERATIONAL PLANNING
LONG-TERM PLANNINGAND
SHORT-TERM PLANNING
FORMAL PLANNINGAND
INFORMAL PLANNING
TYPES OF PLANNINGTYPES OF PLANNING
Corporate Planning and functional planning
Strategic Planning and tactical/Operational Planning
Long-term planning and short-term planning
Proactive planning and reactive planning
Formal planning and informal planning
DIMENSIONS Coverage of
activities Importance of
contents Time period
involved Approach
adopted Degree of
formalization
Corporate Planning denotes planning activities at the top level and cover the entire organizational activities.
Determine the long-term objectives. Generate plans to achieve the objectives bearing
in mind the probable changes in environment. Corporate planning includes:
the setting of objectives, organizing the work, people, and systems to enable
those objectives to be attained, motivating though the planning process of the plan
and developing people through better decision making,
clearer objectives, more involvement, and awareness of progress.
CORPORATE PLANNING
Functional planning is segmental and it is undertaken for each major function of the organization like
production/operation, marketing, finance, human resource/personnel etc.
At the second level, functional planning is undertaken for sub-functions within each major function.
FUNCTIONAL PLANNING
Strategic Planning is Deciding on objectives of the
organization, Deciding on changes on these
objectives, deciding on the resources used to attain
these objectives, policies that are to manage the
acquisition, use and disposition of these resources.
STRATEGIC PLANNING
Operational Planning is Deciding the most effective use of the
resources already allocated To develop a control mechanism to
assure effective implementation of the actions.
OPERATIONAL PLANNING
Long term plans usually cover all the functional areas of the business and are affected within the existing and long-term framework of economic, social, and technological factors.
Analysis of environmental factors, particularly with respect to how the organization relates to its competition and environment.
LONG-TERM PLANNING
These plan are aimed at sustaining organization in its production and distribution of current products or services to the existing markets.
SHORT-TERM PLANNING
Proactive planning involves designing suitable courses of action in hope of likely changes in the relevant environment.
PROACTIVE PLANNING
REACTIVE PLANNING
Organizations responses come after the environmental changes have taken place.
Formal planning is in the form of well-structured process involving different steps.
FORMAL PLANNING
INFORMAL PLANNING
This planning process is based on managers memory of events, perception and gut-feelings rather than based on systematic evaluation of environmental happenings.
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