Lesson 6Lesson 6
Traffic SafetyTraffic Safety
Protecting People WhileProtecting People While
Stabilizing The IncidentStabilizing The Incident
Identifying, Assessing & Identifying, Assessing & Managing RiskManaging Risk
Upon approaching the scene:Upon approaching the scene:
IdentifyIdentify hazards and hazards and developdevelop a plan to protect the scene a plan to protect the scene
Identifying, Assessing & Identifying, Assessing & Managing RiskManaging Risk
Expect other drivers to make mistakesExpect other drivers to make mistakes
Consider the type of roadway you will be working on Consider the type of roadway you will be working on
(i.e. freeway vs. city street)(i.e. freeway vs. city street)
Weather conditionsWeather conditions
(dry vs. wet road or good vs. poor visibility)(dry vs. wet road or good vs. poor visibility)
Time of day (or night)Time of day (or night)
(scene and personal visibility and proper use of lighting)(scene and personal visibility and proper use of lighting)
Identifying, Assessing & Identifying, Assessing & Managing RiskManaging Risk
What is What is Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment??
““Assessing or determining the possibility of suffering Assessing or determining the possibility of suffering harm or loss, and to what extent”harm or loss, and to what extent”
This is the first step in determining your plan of This is the first step in determining your plan of actionaction
Identifying, Assessing & Identifying, Assessing & Managing RiskManaging Risk
What is What is Risk ManagementRisk Management??
““The development of strategy and tactical plans The development of strategy and tactical plans based on an accurate risk assessment taking into based on an accurate risk assessment taking into
consideration current and potentially changing scene consideration current and potentially changing scene conditions”conditions”
Driver Reaction TimeDriver Reaction Time
Components of reaction timeComponents of reaction time
Mental Processing Time:Mental Processing Time:
•SensationSensation
•Perception / RecognitionPerception / Recognition
•Situational AwarenessSituational Awareness
•Response SelectionResponse Selection
Driver Reaction TimeDriver Reaction Time
Components of reaction timeComponents of reaction time
Movement Time:Movement Time:
The time required to perform the The time required to perform the selected actionselected action
Driver Reaction TimeDriver Reaction Time
Components of reaction timeComponents of reaction time
Device Response Time:Device Response Time:
The functional time of a mechanical The functional time of a mechanical device to activatedevice to activate
Temporary Traffic Control ZoneTemporary Traffic Control Zone
Provides reasonably safe and efficient Provides reasonably safe and efficient movement of traffic.movement of traffic.
Reasonably protects workers, responders to Reasonably protects workers, responders to traffic incidents, and their equipment.traffic incidents, and their equipment.
Temporary Traffic Control Temporary Traffic Control ZoneZone
Components of a TTC ZoneComponents of a TTC Zone
1.1. Advance Warning AreaAdvance Warning Area2.2. Transition AreaTransition Area3.3. Activity AreaActivity Area4.4. Buffer SpaceBuffer Space5.5. Termination AreaTermination Area
Temporary Traffic Control ZoneTemporary Traffic Control Zone
Advance Warning AreaAdvance Warning Area
• Tells drivers what to expect ahead.Tells drivers what to expect ahead.
• Typical distances for placement of advance Typical distances for placement of advance warning signs on high speed roadways warning signs on high speed roadways should be longer because drivers are should be longer because drivers are conditioned to uninterrupted flow.conditioned to uninterrupted flow.
Temporary Traffic Control ZoneTemporary Traffic Control Zone
Transition AreaTransition Area
• Moves traffic out of its normal path and Moves traffic out of its normal path and away from the activity area.away from the activity area.
Temporary Traffic Control ZoneTemporary Traffic Control Zone
Activity AreaActivity Area
• This is where the work takes place.This is where the work takes place.
• This also includes your Buffer SpaceThis also includes your Buffer Space
Temporary Traffic Control ZoneTemporary Traffic Control Zone
Buffer SpaceBuffer Space
• Separates traffic from your work area.Separates traffic from your work area.
• Also provides some recovery area for an errant Also provides some recovery area for an errant vehicle.vehicle.
• Neither work nor equipment storage should occur in Neither work nor equipment storage should occur in the Buffer Space.the Buffer Space.
Temporary Traffic Control ZoneTemporary Traffic Control Zone
Termination AreaTermination Area
• Returns traffic back to their normal path Returns traffic back to their normal path beyond the incident scene.beyond the incident scene.
• Should include its own Buffer Space.Should include its own Buffer Space.
Flagger
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A ID
Advance Warning Area
Activity Area
Termination Area
Buffer Space
Transition Area
Component Partsof a
Temporary TrafficControl Zone
A IDFlagger
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Vehicle near theshoulder
- - -Block as much ofthe traffic lane as
necessary foremergency w orker
safety
SHOULDER AREA
Vehicle near theshoulder
- - -Consider movingthe vehicle off theroadw ay if it canbe done safely
A ID
Vehicles on bothshoulders
- - -Use all available
resources tocontrol traffic
A ID
Move vehicles offthe roadw ay if it
can be safelydone.
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D iagram #6
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AID
Vehicles on acurve- - -
Allow for plenty ofAdvance W arning
IntersectionIncident
- - -Use all available
resources for TTCZone for personnel
safety
Protect the scenew ith your vehicles
- - -Use trained
personell to directtraffic as
necessary
AID
Police
Police
Police
D iagram #4
A ID
Freew ay Incident- - -
Consider use ofDOT to assist in
traffic control
A ID
AID
Freew ay Incident- - -
Consider use ofDOT to assist in
traffic control
AID
Vehicles blockingall lanes
- - -For emergency
personnel safety,block the roadw ay.
Traffic may be re-routed along theshoulder if it is
safe to do so andthere are enough
resources onscene to facilitate
this TTC Zone.
A ID
Flagger
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D iagram #1
Traffic Control DevicesTraffic Control Devices
• Used to warn or guide road usersUsed to warn or guide road users
• Provides for the orderly movement of Provides for the orderly movement of traffictraffic
Traffic Control DevicesTraffic Control Devices
Should meet 5 basic requirements:Should meet 5 basic requirements:
• Fulfill a needFulfill a need• Command attentionCommand attention• Convey a clear, simple meaningConvey a clear, simple meaning• Command respect from road usersCommand respect from road users• Give adequate time for proper responseGive adequate time for proper response
Channelizing DevicesChannelizing Devices
Traffic ConesTraffic Cones
Channelizing DevicesChannelizing Devices
Minimize the possibility of the cones being blown Minimize the possibility of the cones being blown overover
Double up on the cones to increase their Double up on the cones to increase their weight if neededweight if needed
Channelizing DevicesChannelizing Devices
Traffic cones should have a retro reflective band Traffic cones should have a retro reflective band that is no less than 4 inches in heightthat is no less than 4 inches in height
Channelizing DevicesChannelizing Devices
Minimum traffic cone height of 28 inchesMinimum traffic cone height of 28 inches
Channelizing DevicesChannelizing Devices
Placing a flare in front of the cone at night Placing a flare in front of the cone at night increases the visibility of the coneincreases the visibility of the cone
Placement of Traffic Control Placement of Traffic Control DevicesDevices
The road user should have adequate time The road user should have adequate time to make a proper response in both day to make a proper response in both day
and night conditionsand night conditions
Placement of Traffic Control Placement of Traffic Control DevicesDevices
Should be in a Should be in a uniformuniform and and consistentconsistent manner manner
Placement of Traffic Control Placement of Traffic Control DevicesDevices
Placement of Traffic Control Placement of Traffic Control DevicesDevices
Your apparatus is also a traffic control deviceYour apparatus is also a traffic control device
Placement of ApparatusPlacement of Apparatus
• Place within the Activity AreaPlace within the Activity Area
• Uniform and consistent with other traffic Uniform and consistent with other traffic control devicescontrol devices
Placement of ApparatusPlacement of Apparatus
• Physical protection Physical protection barrier to secondary barrier to secondary collisionscollisions
• Protection of the Protection of the pump operatorpump operator
• Protection of the Protection of the crewscrews
• Protection of the Protection of the citizenscitizens
Placement of ApparatusPlacement of Apparatus
Fire engines and other large apparatusFire engines and other large apparatus
• Park at a 45 degree anglePark at a 45 degree angle
• Exposes more surface area to absorb an Exposes more surface area to absorb an impact from an errant vehicleimpact from an errant vehicle
• Provides a “wall” of protectionProvides a “wall” of protection
Placement of ApparatusPlacement of Apparatus
• Park within the Activity AreaPark within the Activity Area
• Downstream or in the shadow of the fire Downstream or in the shadow of the fire engineengine
Transport vehiclesTransport vehicles
Placement of ApparatusPlacement of Apparatus
• DownstreamDownstream::
• Parallel with trafficParallel with traffic
• Ease of loading Ease of loading gurney into vehiclegurney into vehicle
• Clear access to Clear access to roadway when roadway when leaving for leaving for transporttransport
Transport vehiclesTransport vehicles
Placement of ApparatusPlacement of Apparatus
Park at a 45 Park at a 45 degree angle degree angle
with the with the pump panel pump panel
(drivers side) (drivers side) facing the facing the
Activity AreaActivity Area
When the fire engine is to be staffed with a When the fire engine is to be staffed with a pump operator/engineerpump operator/engineer
Night Time VisibilityNight Time Visibility
Common misconception:Common misconception:
The more warning lights that are flashing, the The more warning lights that are flashing, the better we can be seenbetter we can be seen
At the incident scene
Night Time VisibilityNight Time Visibility
The reality is:
The The warning lightswarning lights can be seen very well can be seen very well
Drivers get “drawn in” to the lightsDrivers get “drawn in” to the lights
Personnel visibility is reduced when they are Personnel visibility is reduced when they are overcome by overcome by excessiveexcessive emergency lights emergency lights
At the incident scene
Night Time VisibilityNight Time Visibility
Turn off all unnecessary warning lightsTurn off all unnecessary warning lightsExcessive warning lights may:Excessive warning lights may:
Cause a distraction to driversCause a distraction to drivers~ ~ ~~ ~ ~
Act as a deadly attraction to drivers who are Act as a deadly attraction to drivers who are under the influence of drugs or alcoholunder the influence of drugs or alcohol
At the incident scene
Night Time VisibilityNight Time Visibility
Turn off all unnecessary Turn off all unnecessary headlightsheadlightsWhen parked at the sceneWhen parked at the scene
Excessive headlights may:Be blinding to oncoming traffic and
Cause personnel to be nearly invisible to oncomingdrivers when they stand or walk in-between the
headlights and the oncoming traffic
At the incident scene
Night Time VisibilityNight Time Visibility
Turn off all Turn off all unnecessary unnecessary
headlightsheadlights when when parked at the sceneparked at the scene
At the incident scene
Night Time VisibilityNight Time Visibility
Use vehicle mounted floodlights to light the sceneUse vehicle mounted floodlights to light the scene
• Provides a safer working environmentProvides a safer working environment• Reduces distraction to traffic drivers caused by Reduces distraction to traffic drivers caused by
warning lightswarning lights• Do not aim the floodlights into the path of traffic Do not aim the floodlights into the path of traffic
driversdrivers• Ensure the floodlighting does not produce a Ensure the floodlighting does not produce a
disabling glare to trafficdisabling glare to traffic
At the incident scene
Night Time VisibilityNight Time Visibility
Use vehicle mounted floodlights to light the sceneUse vehicle mounted floodlights to light the scene
At the incident scene
Key ElementsKey Elementsofof
Personnel SafetyPersonnel Safety
TrainingTraining
• Practice traffic safety risk assessmentsPractice traffic safety risk assessments
• Establish safe working environmentsEstablish safe working environments
Key ElementsKey Elementsofof
Personnel SafetyPersonnel SafetyEmergency Responder Safety ApparelEmergency Responder Safety Apparel
All personnel exposed to the risks of moving All personnel exposed to the risks of moving traffic traffic shallshall wear a high visibility vest day wear a high visibility vest day
or nightor night
Key ElementsKey Elementsofof
Personnel SafetyPersonnel SafetyEmergency Responder Safety ApparelEmergency Responder Safety Apparel
• Provides more retro-reflective area for Provides more retro-reflective area for better visibility than firefighting turnout better visibility than firefighting turnout geargear
• Visibility of personnel is increased during Visibility of personnel is increased during daylight hours with the use of a high daylight hours with the use of a high visibility vestvisibility vest
• It’s the law!It’s the law!
Key ElementsKey Elementsofof
Personnel SafetyPersonnel SafetyIncident Scene Traffic BarriersIncident Scene Traffic Barriers
Should be appropriately placed giving consideration to:
• Clearance of personnel from moving traffic
• Speed of traffic
• Duration and type of operations
• Time of day
• Volume of traffic
Key ElementsKey Elementsofof
Personnel SafetyPersonnel Safety
Speed ReductionSpeed ReductionMinimizes vulnerability of personnel and can be
accomplished by:
• Lane reduction
• Funneling traffic
• Uniformed officers or flaggers to control traffic
• Electronic signs
• DOT incident response vehicles
Key ElementsKey Elementsofof
Personnel SafetyPersonnel Safety
The The responsibilityresponsibility of of safetysafety is shared among is shared among all personnelall personnel from the moment the from the moment the
emergency brake is set until it is released emergency brake is set until it is released to clear the scene after the incidentto clear the scene after the incident
Expect drivers to make Expect drivers to make mistakesmistakes
and prepare for themand prepare for them
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