8/3/2019 Lecture Note Integumentary System
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Integumentary System 2012In
Assalamualaikum
First of all, I would like to apologize because during this class mostly the Dr
talked in Arabic, which I couldn’t understand (very sad )and most of the time
the doctor just repeat what’s in the slide. So you’ll going to find lots of similarity
between this lecture note and the slide -.- ( Which I couldn’t help for. Sorryagain)
Bismillah.
Skin :
- Largest & heaviest organ in the body (16% of body weight)
- Selective Barrier between internal and external
- Site of Vitamin D synthesis (by exposure to sunlight)
- Identification ( fingerprint)
- Secrete natural crane of protection of skin
- Regulator of body temperature ( by secreting sweats- regulate acid base
balance)
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Integumentary System 2012In
- Site where different types of sensory receptor present ( heat,
pain,sensation,pressure, temperature)
- Can be divided by thick and thin skin ( according to thickness of epidermis
without looking at the underneath)
The skin is originated from two parts, one from ectoderm (epidermis) and
another from mesoderm (dermis). *refer to slide three*
[ Sometimes, hypodermis (adipocytes) is consider as part of skin]
Epidermis
- Consist of stratified squamous epithelium ( keratinized/non keratinized)
*doctor asked us to forget the term of stratified squamous epithelium in
skin*
- Have many cell and each one of the cell is called keratinocytes.
Three types of cell which embedded in between is :
Melanocytes = secrete melanin
Langerhans = macrophages of the skin
Merckel = one of the mechanoreceptor (some nerve fibre underneath)
Can be further subdivide by few layers of epidermis :
- Stratum basale = basal layer
- Stratum spinosum = spinous layer
- Stratum granulosum = glandular layer
- Stratum lucidum = lucidal layer
- Stratum corneum = cornial layer
*refer to the slide eight for picture*
*Takenote*
The ONLY example of thick
skin : palms of the hand &
bottom of the feet
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Stratum basal
- single & thin layer at the bottom of epidermis
- Characterized by active in mitosis, divide continuously
- Each cell in basal layer attach to each other by desmosomes
- Have low columnar basal ground nucleus ( columnar to cuboidal)
- In the Inside we can see, some keratinized fibre and intermediate filament.
Stratum spinosum
- About nine layers ( thickest epidermal layer)
- At the corner of the picture, there are many keratin of dead squames
(stratum corneum) which will push the cell away from circumference
- Rich occupied by desmosomes (attach between two cell)
- Shape round nucleus in the middle
- Synthesis and secrete keratin ( increase from bottom to top)
Stratum granulosum
- Shape : flat cell (as moving upward) – full with granules
- About three to five layers
- Insulator between in and out of cell
They are two types of granule Keratohyaline (no membrane
outside)
What is malphigian layer?
Term that generally defined as
both stratum basal and stratum
spinosum as a unit.Dark colour-
marked the
presence of
granules
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Integumentary System 2012In
Lamellar ( surrounded by
granules)
Synthesize lipid and secrete
lipid outside the cell
Stratum lucidum
- Only seen in thick skin
- Thin, clean layer of dead skin cell of epidermis
- Transparent appearance
- Apparently no cell in this layer , actually they are cell which is very good
keratinized fiber that covers the other organelles.
- Desmosomes are still evident between adjacent cells.
Stratum corneum
- Dead cell full with keratinized
- Act as a protective layer of skin from infection,dehydration,chemical and
mechanical stress.
- Help the skin hydrated by prevent water evaporation
Melanocytes
- Situated at the bottom of basal layer
- Secrete melanin ( pigment which responsible for colour of the skin)
Did you know?
Sunlight activate
melanocyte to
secrete more
melanin.
White skin people and black skin people have the SAME number of
melanocyte but why their skin colour is different?
Pigment in the melanocyte does not go outside in the white
skin people.
This is also why white skin people can develop skin cancer
more compared to black skin people.
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Melanin divided into two types of melanin Eumelanin (normal
melanin)
Pheomelanin
( red melanin)
Dermis
- Surface irregular and many projections (dermal papillae)
- Composed of two layer Papillary layer (outermost)
-constitute major part of
dermal papillae
(loose connective tissue)
-type 7 collagen fiber
Reticular layer (deeper)
-composed of irregular dense connective
tissue
(mainly bundles of type 1 collagen) & has
more fibers & fewer cells
Skin disease Pemphigus
A rare group of blistering autoimmune diseases that
affect the skin
& mucous membrane ( Wikipedia)
Bullous Phemphigoid
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A skin disorder characterized by large blisters.
Epidermal derivatives
• Hair follicles
• Sweat glands
• Sebaceous glands
• Nails
------------------------------------------------- ---
FINISH-------------------------------------------------------------
Because of insufficient of time, the doctor just simply explain the slide in
Arabic. Therefore, I couldn’t understand it. So this is the end of this lecture
note.
I wish you good luck for the final exam ( 9th January 2012) , May all of us
manage to score this paper with flying colours . Insya-ALLAH (‘:
I am sorry for any inconvenience and mistakes in this lecture note.
Done by : Amirafathiah.
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