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4. Function in Architecture
• Every building is designed to give services
• Hospital – where patients will be treated
• Court House – where you find justice
• Theater – where you see a play
• Hotel- where you recreate
• Church ( Mosque) – where you practice your religion
• School – where you learn
• House – where you live
• -
FUNCTION
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
,
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
• In addition to giving services, a building affects our feelings
en you en er n some u ngs, you w e
• When you are in some building, you will be depressed
• When you see some buildings, you will be amused
• When you look some buildings, you will say what a piece of art
• When you are in some buildings, you may be sober
• When you enter in some buildings, you feel relaxed
• The emotional and the feeling aspect of a BUILDING or
-
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
• A building is designed to be erected or constructed, hence
• It should house its occupants and furniture – LIVE LOAD
• It should support its own weight- DEAD LOAD
• -
• It should withstand against EARCH QUICK FORCE
•
• It should resist other NATURAL and ARTIFICIAL FORCES
• T e erect ty an constructa ty o a BUILDING or
its ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN - STRENGTH
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
• Building Design is all about
FUNCTION - serviceability of BU
AESTHETICS - emotional aspect of
I
L
STRENGTH – erectibilit of I
G
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
• The void part of a building - SPACE
• Through which we enter, circulate, wonder and undertake different activities
• The envelop or outer part of a building - FORM
• c we see, oo , o serve an a m re
• FORM is the envelop of SPACE• FORM is exterior, where as SPACE is interior of the building
• FORM differentiate out side and inside
• SPACE is volume of hollow solid
o an ave
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
Example of Form (cont…)
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
Example of Form
(cont…)
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
Example of Form (cont…)
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
Example of Space
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
Example of Space (cont…)
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
Example of Space (cont…)
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
Example of Space (cont…)
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
xamp e o pace cont…
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
Example of Space (cont…)
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
Functional Aspects or Parameters of a space of a Building
1. Enclosure
2. Approach & Entry
.
4. Light
.
6. Size
. ape
8. Adjacency & Sequence
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
1. Enclosure
• A building houses different activities
• Some activities need differentiation
• Sleeping and Living activities
• Spaces for these activities should
be divided b
• walls, floors and ceilings
• Building Components to divide spaces
are called Space Defining Elements
• FORM is enclosure of interior s ace
• FORM protects the interior of a building from weather
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
2. Approach and Entry
• To undertake different activities in a FRONTAL
building we should approach and access it
•
is APPROACH DIAGONAL
•
• Frontal: emphasis front view
• agona : s ows e ec s o perspec ve• Round: emphasis form of building
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
pproac an n ry cont…
Frontal Approach
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
…
• The gate that allows you to enter in to a building
• Entry to a building should be emphasized and easy to identify
• ypes o ntry
• Flush: on the wall
• Projected: coming out from the wall
• Recessed: coming into the interior
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
…
• Projected Entry
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
…
• Recessed Entry
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
…
• Flush Entry
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Function in Architecture (cont…)3. Circulation
• We need to be able to reach furniture, equipment and other facilities to perform
some tasks.
• A process o won er ng t roug a space o a u ng - Circulation
• Circulation – pattern of movement inside and outside a building
• Types of Circulation
•Circulation within a room: interior space
• Horizontal circulation from one room to another: corridor, foyer, lobby
• Vertical Circulation from one floor to another: Stair, Elevator, Ramp
• Circulation should be
• easy to identify
• comfortable to move through
• sizable enough to allow people and furniture to pass
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
…
Enclosed circulation
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
…
Open one side circulation
on one side
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Function in Architecture (cont…)4. Light
• To undertake different activities in rooms, we need light
• Light also affects the feeling that we feel in a room
• Sources of Light
• Artificial Li ht: costl unfriendl and controlled
• Natural Light: no cost, friendly and reliable
•
• Natural Light Sources in Building
- n ow
- Sky Light
-Glass Curtain Wall
-Open Down
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
1. Artificial Light Source
• controlled
• different color
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
Artificial Light Source (cont…)
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
Artificial Light Source (cont…)
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
…
2. Natural Light Source
atura g t: um nate w t
good intensity up to 6m
• uncontrolled
• uni –color
• psychologically good
• provide view
• enlarge room
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
…
Natural Light Source (cont…)
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
…
Natural Light Source (cont…)
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
…
3. Combined
Light Source
• controlled
• colorful & evenly distributed
• psychologically good
• provide view
• enlarge room
F i i A hi
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
…
Combined
Light Source (cont…)
F ti i A hit t
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
…
Combined
Light Source (cont…)
Function in Architecture
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Function in Architecture (cont…)Natural Light Source
1.Windows
• light
• provide view
• enlarge room
F ti i A hit t
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
Windows (cont…)
Function in Architecture
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
Windows (cont…)
Function in Architecture ( t )
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
Windows (cont…)
Function in Architecture ( t )
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
Windows (cont…)
Function in Architecture (cont )
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Function in Architecture (cont…) …
2. Sky Light• light
• good distribution of light
• no view
• increase height
Function in Architecture (cont )
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Function in Architecture (cont…) …
Sky Light (cont…)
Function in Architecture (cont )
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Function in Architecture (cont…) …
Sky Light (cont…)
Function in Architecture (cont )
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Function in Architecture (cont…) …
Sky Light (cont…)
Function in Architecture (cont )
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Function in Architecture (cont…) …
3. Open Down
• light
•
• Ventilation
Function in Architecture (cont…)
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Function in Architecture (cont…) …
Open Down (cont…)
Function in Architecture (cont…)
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Function in Architecture (cont…) …
4. Glass Curtain Wall
• light
• provide view
• enlarge room
• spatial continuity
Function in Architecture (cont…)
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( )
…
Glass Curtain Wall (cont…)
Function in Architecture (cont…)
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( )
…
Glass Curtain Wall (cont…)
Function in Architecture (cont…)
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…
Glass Curtain Wall (cont…)
Function in Architecture (cont…)
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.
• Ventilation
• A room should have the appropriate temperature & air to feel the occupants
comfort
• This can be done by replacing existing hot air by fresh air
• This process is called ven a on
• Two kinds of Ventilation
• Artificial Ventilation
Function in Architecture (cont…)C f
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Comfort
• Purpose of Ventilation
• norma con on an a u
• inhale b/n 0.10 to 0.12 liters air/second
• exhale CO2 of 0.003 to 0.005 liters / second
• generate heat of 100 Watts sensible and 40 watts latent
• produce vapour of 59g of water vapour per hour
• Main Objective of Ventilation (Three)
1. to supply oxygen
2. to create air movement
Function in Architecture (cont…)
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• Main Objective of Ventilation ( cont…)
3. To remove unnecessary air components
• carbon dioxide
• water vapor and moister
• heat and smell
• gas and vapor from industry products
• out door pollutants like dust and smoke
• Indoor pollutants like dust from carpet
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
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…
A. Cross Ventilation
• By using natural flow of air
• It is less costly
Function in Architecture (cont…)
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…
B. Stack Effect Ventilation
• Air moves when temperature
and density difference exists
• Hot air is less dense and it rises
• Cold air is dense and replacethe position of hot air
Function in Architecture (cont…)
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.
• Diff. activities take place in spaces
• In addition to the activities,
the space should be big enough to house
• Users
• Furniture & Fixtures
• qu pmen
• Vehicles
• Internal Circulation
• Spatial Functionality Criteria related with size
• Proportion
• Users, Furniture, Fixture and Equipment Accommodation
• Circulation Provision
Function in Architecture (cont…)
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…
• Eg. Bath Room Size Determination & Design
• Space for Fixtures
Function in Architecture (cont…)
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…
• Bath Room (cont…)
• Space for Activities
Function in Architecture (cont…)
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…
• Bath Room (cont…)
• Area Determination
Function in Architecture (cont…)
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…
• Bath Room (cont…)
• Final Design
Function in Architecture (cont…)
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.
• A room or space needs to have the appropriate shape to
• provide the required function
• accommodate the necessary furniture
• avoid wastage of space
• house enough and clear circulation
Function in Architecture (cont…)
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…
A. Rectangular Spaces
• Easy to accommodate furniture
• Less wastage of space
• Flexible
Function in Architecture (cont…)
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…
• Rectangular Spaces (cont…)
Function in Architecture (cont…)
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…
B. Triangular & Angular Spaces
• Difficult to accommodate furniture
• High wastage of space
• Less Flexible
• Difficult to circulate
Function in Architecture (cont…)
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…
Triangular & Angular Spaces (cont…)
Wastage of Space
Function in Architecture (cont…)
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…
C. Curved Spaces
• Difficult to accommodate furniture
• Need Special Furniture
• Less Flexible
Function in Architecture (cont…)
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…
• St
Function in Architecture (cont…)
.
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. …
• Spaces which have related functions should be side by side
• Spaces which have incompatible functions should be far to each others
• Public spaces should be at front
• Private spaces should be at back
• Spaces, that need view, should be oriented to view
• Spaces, that don’t need noise, should be far from noises
• Spaces should be also orient based on solar orientation
• Entrances should be clear and visible (emphasis)
Function in Architecture (cont…)
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Adjacency and
Sequence(cont…)
should be at back
Private Spacesshould be awa from
Frontage & Noise
Every room should be
Accessible from
corridor
Stair case should be
visible from lobby
Entrance should be at front
Public Spaces should
be near entrance
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Function in Architecture (cont…)
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Adjacency and
Sequence(cont…)
Bed Rm are
Related
Bed Rm &
Dressing Rm are
related
Function in Architecture (cont…)
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Adjacency and
Sequence(cont…)
Thumb Rules for Residential Building
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-Minimum Area = 12m2
- Minimum Width = 3m
- Minimum Door Size = 90cm
- Minimum Window Area = 1/10th floor area- Maximum Window Sill Hei ht = 0.90 cm
- Require View and South Side Exposure
- Should be at the front of a house and accessible from the front door
• n ng oom
- Minimum Area = 12m2
- Minimum Width = 3m
- Minimum Door Size = 90cm
- Minimum Window Area = 1/10th floor area
=- .
- Require View and South or East Side Exposure
- Should be adjacent to Kitchen and Living Rooms
Thumb Rules for Residential Building (cont…)
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-Minimum Area = 15m2
- Minimum Width = 3m
- Minimum Length = 5cm
- Should be at the front of a house and accessible from the main gate•
- Minimum Area = 12m2
- Minimum Width = 2.7m
- Minimum Door Size = 90cm
- Minimum Window Area = 1/10th floor area
- Maximum Window Sill Height = 0.90 cm
- Require View and East Side ( morning sun) Exposure
- Should be at the quiet part of the site preferably on upper floors
Thumb Rules for Residential Building (cont…)
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-Minimum Area = 6m2
- Minimum Width = 1.8m
- Minimum Door Size = 90cm
- Should be at the back of a house adjacent to dining room- Orient to north side cooler side & kitchen ard
- Minimum Window area should be 15% of floor area
- Perimeter of work triangle should be between 3.6m to 6m
• a oom- Minimum Area= 4m2
- Minimum Width = 1.5m
- Minimum Door Size = 70cm
- Bath Rooms should be adjacent to bed rooms
- .
- Up to 1.5m height interior walls should be covered with ceramic tile
Thumb Rules for Residential Building (cont…)
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- For visitors and contain WC and HWB
- Minimum Area = 2.5m2
- Minimum Width = 1.5m
- Minimum Door Size = 70cm- Should be near livin & dinin room
- Minimum Window height is 1.5m
- Up to 1.5m height interior walls should be covered with ceramic tile
• u y oom- Mini
- Minimum Width = 1.5m
Thumb Rules for Residential Building (cont…)• Important Points
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- Room arrangement should follow day today activities- Avoid traffic circulation through rooms
- If a traffic must pass through a room, arrange doors in such a way that circulation
affects one side or corner of the room
- The route from Garage to Kitchen be defined and short-
- Main Entrance near the center of a house decreases corridor length
- Main Entrance to a house should be emphasized, inviting and accessible
- In front of Main Entrance there should be a transitional space like:
- Veranda, Canopy
- In side a house next to Main Entrance there should be a transitional space:
- Foyer, Lobby, Entrance Hall
- Make the Foyer or Entrance Hall is the continuation of the exterior
-
- Locate rooms ( non- sensitive to harsh sun) like WCs, Bath Rms, Store or
Garage on west and south west side
Thumb Rules for Residential Building (cont…)
con …
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- Rooms in a house are grouped into zones
- Common Spaces
- Private Spaces
- Common Spaces: Open to all members of family, active and include- Living Rm, Family Rm, Dining Rm, Gym, Garage, Kitchen, Utility Rm
- Private Spaces: Require privacy and quietness & include
- Bed Rms, Bath Rms, Study Rm, Pray Rm, Den
- - With in the common spaces we have two zones
- Living Zone: Living Rm, Family Rm, Dining Rm
- , , ,
- Living Zone should be at the front part of the house- Service Zone should be at the back part of the house
Thumb Rules for Residential Building (cont…)
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- Living Room
- Open both to the members of the family and visitors
- Located near the main entrance of the house
- Location of Living Room Door should allow direct access to living room as soon
as we enter into the house
-Oriented the living room to capture the best view from the site
- Have big windows ( French Window) facing the main street
- The location of the room should not allow view to private spaces like Kitchen,
Bed Rms, Bath Rms etc
-The location of doors in living room should not allow cross circulation
- South exposure is preferable
- Light interior color is preferable
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Thumb Rules for Residential Building (cont…)
con …
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- Bath Room
- locate in the private part of the house
- avoid direct view from living room to bath room door
- natural ventilation and light is important
- Office/Den
- Den is private office where the parents work at night
- Office is open for customer
- Den should be located in private space adjacent to master bed rm
- Office should be located near main enterance
Thumb Rules for Residential Building (cont…)
con …
G B d R
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- Guest Bed Room
- Isolated Room with attached bathroom
- located in such a way that it gets privacy
- Garage
- Easily accessible from main gate
- Easy access from garage to main entrance and kitchen
- Circulation Spaces
- Minimum corridor size is 90cm but the standard size is 1.2m
- Minimum veranda size is 1m but the standard size is 2m
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