Lecture 3
LaTeX and LyX
LaTeX
TeX Computer program by Donald Knuth for typesetting text
and formulas (1977)
LaTeX Predefined professional layout You need to write code to create documents ( for ex.
scientific papers) Code is compiled to PDF or PS or other files
LyX Graphical interface that allows using mouse instead of
writing codes (compare: Word) Produces LaTeX code that you can see and compile
Introduction to academic studies
LaTeX vs MS Word
LaTeX is more often used for writing scientific reports and papers Once publisher provides it’s style file, it can be embedded
into your TeX file easily (in Word, you need to adjust the style manually may take hours or days)
Formulas can be enumerated and updated automatically (one new formula is inserted – not a big deal, compare with Word)
There is a citation and referencing function (in Word, manually)
Word provides a better grammar control tool than LaTeX
Introduction to academic studies
Installing LaTeX and LyX
Windows OSInstall MikTeX http://www.miktex.org/Install an editor, TeXnicCenter (if you do not plan to use LyX): http://www.texniccenter.org/Install LyX if you like graphical interface: http://www.lyx.org/
Introduction to academic studies
Document structure
Try to do yourself!
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\documentclass{…}
\usepackage{…}
\begin{document}
…Write your text here…
\end{document}
Text, characters and comments
New line is ignored Make a blank line to begin a new line
Several ”space”s treated as a single one # $ % ^ & _ { } ~ \ can not be used in text directly
use \# \$ \% … LaTeX commands are case sensitive LaTeX commands start with backslash
\command[optional param]{parameter} Comments start with %
Introduction to academic studies
Document classes
\documentclass[options]{class} class
article proc (Proceedings) report (small book, thesis) book slides
options 10pt, 11pt, 12pt (size of main font) a4paper, a5paper,… onecolumn, twocolumn twoside, oneside landscape …
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Language support
Swedish
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\usepackage[swedish]{babel}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
Titles, chapters and sections
Define the frontpage:
1. \title{…}
2. \author{…}
3. \date{…}
4. \maketitle
5. \section
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\documentclass[12pt]{paper}
%Some more commands here, skipped
\begin{document}
\title{Bootstrap confidence intervals for large-scale multivariate monotonic regression problems}
\author{Oleg Sysoev, Anders Grimvall, Oleg Burdakov }
\maketitle
\begin{abstract}
Monotonic regression (MR) computes a response that is increasing or decreasing with respect to each of explanatory variables...
\end{abstract}
\textbf{Keywords: }Confidence intervals, monotonic regression, bootstrap,
percentile...
\section{Introduction}\label{intro}
...
\end{document}
Alignment
\begin{x} … \end{x} x = flushleft flushright or center
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\section{Introduction}\label{intro}
\begin{center}Monotonic regression is a nonparametric method...\end{center}
Quotation
Use quote environment
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As it is specified in \cite{strand}:\begin{quote}Unfortunately, there are no efficient MR algorithms when ...\end{quote}
Referencing
Use \label{} and \ref{} Proper in many situations: formulas, tables, graphs,
chapters…
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\section{Introduction}\label{intro}As it is specified in section \ref{intro}...
Font sizes and styles
Bold \textbf{…} Italic \textit{…}
Small font {\small ….}
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{\scriptsize\begin{tabular}{l | c l l l l l l c l l l l l l}…\end{tabular}}
Formulas
Formula in the text $...$ Formula at the new line: \begin{equation}…\
end{equation} Formula at the new line without number: \[ … \]
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\begin{equation}Y_i=\phi(X_i, \theta)+ \epsilon_i \label{addit}\end{equation}
Formulas: building blocks
Subscript: $X_i$ $A_{low}$ Superscript: $x^2$ $Y^{t^2}$ Greek letters: \lambda \Phi \phi… Comparison: > < = \geq \leq Square root: \sqrt{x^3} Ratio $\frac{x}{y^2+1}$ Product $A \cdot B$ $\hat{Y}$, $\vec{X}$ Brackets $\left( X^2+1 \right )$ Series of sums, product: \sum and \prod
$Y_i= \sum_{j=1}^{n_i} Y_{ij}/n_i$ Integral \int
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Arrays, matrices
Use array environment: Use ”c” ,”l” or ”r” for alignment Separate elements with ”&” End line with ”\\”
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\[
\mathbf{X} = \left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
x_1 & x_2 & \ldots \\
x_3 & x_4 & \ldots \\
\vdots & \vdots & \ddots
\end{array} \right)
\]
Arrays, matrices
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\begin{equation}
Y=\left\{
\begin{array}{rl}
e^x,& if \: x>0,\\
\sqrt{x^2+1},& otherwise
\end{array} \right.
\end{equation}
Creating tabbing
Define position by \= Move to the position by \>
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\begin{tabbing}1. \ \=Compute the fitted response values $\hat{Y}_1, \ldots, \hat{Y}_n$ \\\> and block partition $B_1, \ldots, B_K$ by applying SBR\\ 2. \>For \= each $j=1, \ldots, B$ and $i=1, \ldots, n$\\\>\>Find $k$ such that $i \in B_k$. \\\>\>Compute $l$ by sampling from $B_k$\\\>\>Set $Y^*_{ij}=Y_{l}$\\\end{tabbing}
Creating tables
Use \begin{tabular}[pos]{table_spec} …\end{tabular} Use ”c” ,”l” or”r” for alignment. For a fixed width, use
p{width}. For drawing of vertical lines, use ”|” Separate elements with ”&” End line with ”\\” Draw lines with \hline
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Creating tables
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\begin{tabular}{|l|ccc|}\hline$\frac{Bootstrap\ method}{CI\ approach}$ & $Parametric$ &$\stackrel{Non-parametric,}{mid-point}$ & $\stackrel{Non-parametric,}{worst-case}$\\\hlinePercentile& Method 1 & Method 3 & Method 5 \\BCa& Method 2 & Method 4 & Method 6\\\hline\end{tabular}
Creating tables
To merge several cells, use \multicolumn or \multirow:
Introduction to academic studies
{\scriptsize\begin{tabular}{l | c l l l l l l c l l l l l l}& \hspace{2mm} & \multicolumn{6}{l}{$n=10,000$} & \hspace{3mm} & \multicolumn{6}{l}{$n=50,000$}\\\hline$Slope$ & &$dev$ & $t_{seg}$ & $t^{tot}_{gpav}$ & $t_{gpav}$ & $m_{seg}$ & $m_{gpav}$ & &$dev$ & $t_{seg}$ & $t^{tot}_{gpav}$ & $t_{gpav}$ & $m_{seg}$ & $m_{gpav}$ \\\hline0.2 & & 0.63 & 10.9& 35.3 & 6.6 & 28.4 & 253.6 & & 0.72 & 128.3 & 1152.3 & 142.6 & 32.6 & 1876.3\\2 & & 1.38 & 25.1& 30.8 & 1.4 & 37.2 & 253.4 & & 6.80 & 397.9 & 1046.2 & 26.1 & 181.0 & 1878.2\\\hline\end{tabular}}
Creating tables
\usepackage{multirow} \multirow{''num_rows''}{''width''}{''contents''}.
Introduction to academic studies
\begin{tabular}{ |l|l|l| }\hline\multicolumn{3}{ |c| }{Registered breakpoints} \\\hline 1981 & January & 13.7 \\ \hline\multirow{2}{*}{1982} & February & 12.6 \\ & March & 13.9 \\\hline\end{tabular}
Floating tables
Sometimes tables and graphs are large to be placed directly after a specific text automatic placementPlacement:
h= here t=top b=bottom p=at the special page
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\begin{table}[placement or nothing]\begin{tabular}{...}...\end{tabular}\caption{}\label{}\end{table}
Floating tables
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\begin{table}[b]
\begin{tabular}{ |l|l|l| }…\end{tabular}\caption{Registered breakpoints in the time series of oil consumption, mtones.}\label{oil}\end{table}
Including graphics
For publication, eps-format is normal. \usepackage[dvips]{graphicx} \includegraphics[width=,height=,scale=, angle=]{filename}
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\includegraphics[width=10cm]{f10k.eps}
Floating graphics
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\begin{figure}\includegraphics[...]{filename}\caption{…}\label{…}\end{figure}
\begin{figure}\centering\begin{tabular}{cc}\includegraphics[height=4.3cm]{time10K} & \includegraphics[height=4.3cm]{f10K} \\\end{tabular}\caption{Processing time $Time$(to the left) and objective function $SSR$(to the right)}\label{fig2}\end{figure}
Bibliography
To write bibliography, use
Cite: \cite{marker}
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\begin{thebibliography}{99}
\bibitem{marker} TEXT…
\bibitem{marker} TEXT…
…
\end{thebibliography}
Bibliography
Introduction to academic studies
\newpage...we presented an algorithm called GPAV (Generalized PAV)which is a generalization of the PAV algorithm \cite{ayer}.
\begin{thebibliography}{99}
\bibitem{ayer}Ayer, M., Brunk, H.D., Ewing, G.M., Reid, W.T., Silverman, E.: An empirical distribution function for sampling with incomplete information. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics 26, 641--647 (1955)
\bibitem{barlow}Barlow, R.E., Bartholomew, D.J., Bremner, J.M., Brunk, H.D.: Statistical inference under order restrictions. Wiley, New York (1972)
\end{thebibliography}
LyX
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Home reading
http://ctan.tug.org/tex-archive/info/lshort/english/lshort.pdf
http://www.latex-project.org/
http://www.lyx.org/
Introduction to academic studies
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