COMPUTER FUNCTIONT S PRADEEP KUMAR
Assistant Professor (SG)
VIT University – Chennai Campus
http://www.pradeepkumar.org
Computer SpecificationsProcessor Core i3
Variant 370M
Clock Speed 2.4GHz
Cache 3MB L2 Cache
System Memory 2GB DDR3
Graphics Processor Intel HD Graphics
Hard Disk 500GB SATA Disk
Ports RJ45, HDMI, USB, COM, ThunderBolt
Network Wi-Fi 802.11, Bluetooth
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Processor
Cache Memory
Monday, April 10, 2023 PRADEEP KUMAR TS 6
Computer Function
Computer Function• Program Counter
• Contains the address of the next Instruction
• Instruction Register• Contains the address of the current instruction
• Memory Buffer Register (MBR)• contains the data to be written into memory or receives the data
read from memory.
• Memory Address Register (MAR)• specifies the address in memory for the next read or write
Computer Function• I/O Address register
• specifies a particular I/O device
• IO Buffer register• is used for the exchange of data between an I/O module and the
CPU.
• Memory Module• consists of a set of locations, defined by sequentially numbered
addresses.
• IO Module• An I/O module transfers data from external devices to CPU and
memory, and vice versa. It contains internal buffers for temporarily holding these data until they can be sent on..
Computer Function• Processor-memory
• Data may be transferred from processor to memory or from memory to processor.
• Processor-I/O• Data may be transferred to or from a peripheral device by transferring
between the processor and an I/O module.
• Data processing• The processor may perform some arithmetic or logic operation on data.
• Control• An instruction may specify that the sequence of execution be altered.
For example, the processor may fetch an instruction from location 149, which specifies that the next instruction be from location 182. The processor will remember this fact by setting the program counter to 182.Thus, on the next fetch cycle, the instruction will be fetched from location 182 rather than 150.
Computer Function
Monday, April 10, 2023 PRADEEP KUMAR TS 11
Instruction Fetch and Execute
Monday, April 10, 2023 PRADEEP KUMAR TS 12
Instruction Fetch and Execute
Monday, April 10, 2023 PRADEEP KUMAR TS 13
Interrupts and their effects• Classes of Interrupts
• Program• Generated by some condition that occurs as a result of an instruction
execution, such as arithmetic overflow, division by zero, attempt to execute an illegal machine instruction,
• TimerInterrupts generated by the OS to take some special
actions • I/O
• Generated by the I/O Controllers like signals, errors, etc
• Hardware Failure• Power failure or memory parity error
Monday, April 10, 2023 PRADEEP KUMAR TS 14
Interrupts and Instruction Cycle
Monday, April 10, 2023 PRADEEP KUMAR TS 15
Interrupts and Instruction Cycle
Monday, April 10, 2023 PRADEEP KUMAR TS 16
Interrupts and Instruction Cycle
Monday, April 10, 2023 PRADEEP KUMAR TS 17
Sequential Interrupts
Monday, April 10, 2023 PRADEEP KUMAR TS 18
Nested Interrupts
Monday, April 10, 2023 PRADEEP KUMAR TS 19
Time Sequence of Multiple Interrupts
CONTINUED…..
Top Related