Lecture 19.1a-Properties of Acids and Bases
Acids taste sour, will change the color ofan acid-base indicator, and can bestrong or weak electrolytes in aqueoussolution.
19.1
Citrus fruits contain citric acid.
Tea contains tannic acid.
19.1
Bases taste bitter, feel slippery, willchange the color of an acid-baseindicator, and can be strong or weakelectrolytes in aqueous solution.
19.1
Antacids use bases to neutralizeexcess stomach acid.
The base calcium hydroxide is acomponent of mortar.
The Arrhenius definition ofACIDS AND BASES
Acids dissociate to produce H+
HCl H+ + Cl-
Bases dissociate to produce OH-
NaOH Na+ + OH-
H+ and H3O+ mean the same thing
HCl H+ + Cl-
Or
HCl + H2O H3O+ + Cl-
H+ is a protonAcids form H+ which attaches towater forming the hydronium ion
H+ + H2O H3O+ hydronium ion
H+ and H3O+ mean the same thing
Acidic hydrogens are written firstin the chemical formula.
HNO3 = monoprotic acid
H2SO4 = diprotic acid
H3PO4 = triprotic acid
HC2H3O2 = monoprotic
protic aka proton
An acidic hydrogen can dissociatefrom the acid as H+.
19.1
Acetic acid
Stomach acid
Battery acid
In soda pop
Vinegar
Makes bubblesin carbonatedbeverages
Arrhenius Bases
Hydroxide ions are one of the products of thedissolution of an alkali metal in water.
19.1
19.1
Milk of magnesia is a base usedas an antacid.
When acids and bases are mixed theyreact to form water in a
Neutralization reaction
NaOH + HCl H2O + NaCl(aq)
An acid/base reaction always forms water and an aqueous salt
The net ionic equation for anacid/base reaction is
H+ + OH- H2O
PROPERTIES OF ACIDS AND BASES ACIDS BASES Produce H+ Produce OH-
pH below 7 pH above 7 Sour taste Bitter taste H+ + some metals = H2(g) Slippery feel Litmus paper red Litmus paper blue React with base to React with acid to form water and salt form water & salt
BOTH ACIDS AND BASES ARE ELECTROLYTES
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