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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
LECTURE: 1 BUILDING TEAM
Mr. Manjally Ndow
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COURSE RULES2
Attendance 5%. Any student who missed 5
classes should withdraw from the course.
Lateness will not be accepted. Anyone whois 15 minutes late will not join that session.
Mobile phone(s) switched off or on silent
mode during lectures.
Ask questions on the subject matter.
No late submission of assignment or make
up test would be encouraged.
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OBJECTIVES
To understand the roles of different
members in a building team.
To understand the relationshipbetween the client and the
construction team.
Describe the building components.
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BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
A study of the theoretical and practical
aspect of a building suitable for human
activities. It also deals withBuilding methods
Building protectionDurability
Handling or utilization
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METHODS OF CONSTRUCTIONS5
The methods of constructing
buildings could depend on several
factors and these includeThe prevailing weather conditions
The type of materials availableThe topography of the ground
The purpose of the building
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Solid or traditional
Structural steel frame
Reinforced concrete
Modular system
Liftslab
TYPES OF CONSTRUCTIONS
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Solid
Solid load bearing walls
Commonly made of brick, concrete
blocks or stoneCast iron columns
Cast iron or timber beams
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Structural steel frame
Skeletal framework often complex
Loads carried by beams
Structure is covered by cladding
Large use of glass and fibres.
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Reinforced concrete
Alternative to steel frame
Columns support beams on which
are laid slab flooring sectionsColumns, beams and slabs cast to
form a monolithic structure
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Modular system
Prefabricated components used.
Specially designed connectors
Encased in concrete to provide adegree of fire and corrosion
protection.
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Liftslab
Building framework formed by
columns
Hydraulic rams used to lift roof andfloors into position
Height can be increased by splicing
on additional sections of column.
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BUILDING TEAM
Building is essentially a team effort,
each member has a vital role to play.
The composition of any building teamdepends on:
The size of the building .
The size of the contract.
The building type (low or high rise)
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BUILDING TEAM COMPOSITION 1
CLIENT
Commissions the work and directly or
indirectly employs all those who are
involved in the building operations. Types
of clients are:
PRIVATE SECTOR CLIENT
Private Individuals.
Partnerships.
Limited liability companies.
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Types of clients (Contd)
PUBLIC SECTOR CLIENT
Local authorities
Government Departments
Statutory authorities
Public undertakings
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ARCHITECT
Is engaged by the building owner as his/her
agent to design; advice and ensure that the
project is kept within cost and complies with
the design.
QUANTITY SURVEYOR
Prepares bill of quantities (BOQ), check
tender documents, prepares interim
valuations and advise the architect on the
cost of variations.
BUILDING TEAM COMPOSITION 218
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ENGINEERS
Are specialists such as the Structural
engineer who is employed to work withthe architect on the design especially on
stability of the structure.
The Service engineer include acoustics, fireprecautions, heating, lighting, plumbing,
sanitation, telecommunication
BUILDING TEAM COMPOSITION 319
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SITE AGENT
A representative of the engineer on site,
especially in large contracts.CONTRACTOR
Employed by the building owner on the
basis of the architects advice to carryout the construction work.
He takes instructions from the architect.
BUILDING TEAM COMPOSITION 420
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CLERKS OF WORKS (COW)
Employed by the client based on the
recommendations of the architect on large
contracts to act as on site representative.
He has liaison powers and cannot issue
instructions on his own behalf; he can only offer
advice where necessary.ACCOUNTANT
Prepares and submits accounts to clients, makes
payment to suppliers and sub-contractors.
BUILDING TEAM COMPOSITION 521
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SURVEYOR
Employed by the contractor to check
and assist the quantity surveyor inthe preparation of interim valuations
and final accounts.
He may also measure work done for
bonus and sub-contractor payments.
BUILDING TEAM COMPOSITION 622
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ESTIMATOR
Is responsible for the preparation of unit
rates for pricing of tenders and carriesout pre-tender investigations into the
cost aspects of the proposed contract.
BUYER Orders materials, obtains quotations for
the supply of materials and services.
BUILDING TEAM COMPOSITION 723
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ADMINISTRATOR
Organizes the general clerical duties of
the contractors office for the paymentof wages, insurances and all necessary
correspondences.
CONTRACTS MANAGER Liaises between the site and office and
has the overall responsibility for the site
operations.
BUILDING TEAM COMPOSITION 824
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GENERAL FOREMAN
Is the contractors on site representative for
the day-to-day running of the site.
TRADES FOREMAN
Answerable to the general foreman and is in
charge of a trade gang.
OPERATIVES
Main workforce on site, including tradesmen,
apprentices and laborers.
BUILDING TEAM COMPOSITION 925
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BUILDING CONTROL OFFICER
Is a representative of a local authority,
to whom the contract drawings aresubmitted at the design stage to ensure
that they conform to the requirements
of the Building Regulations and PlanningControl.
He also visits the site on regular stages to
carry out statutory inspections.
BUILDING TEAM COMPOSITION 1026
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CLIENT
MAIN
CONTRACTOR
ARCHITECT
SOURCES OF
CAPITALSOLICITOR
SERVICE
ENGINEER(S)
STRUCTURAL
ENGINEER
BUILDING
CONTROL
OFFICER
FIRE, PLANNING
& OTHER
OFFICERS
COW NOMINATEDSUPPLIER
NOMINATED
SUBCON-TRACTORS
PRIVATE
QUANTITY
SURVEYOR
FACTORY
INSPECTORS
SUPPLIERSSUB
CONTRACTORSPLANT HIRERS
LABOUR -ONLY
SUB
CONTRACTORS
FIG.1 THE MAIN PARTIES INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS OF BUILDING
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CLIENT
ARCHITECT CONTRACTOR
DEVELOPMENTCONTROL UNIT
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Building is a structure that serves the
purpose of residential, school,
hospital, industrial, parking andstorage, agriculture
It can either be for
dwelling or
commercial
BUILDING
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BUILDING COMPONENTS31
The main components are:
Floor
WallDoor
Window
Roof
Foundation
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FLOOR32
Can be made of the following:
Concrete mixtures or bricks (that are
interlocked together)Glass and/or fibres
Timbers
First layer is spread horizontally overthe ground surface.
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WALL
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Runs vertically and horizontally
Usually made of cement or mud
blocks, bricks, glass, etc.They provides the following:
Protection and privacyTransmission of loads above the
ground
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DOOR34
Types
Ledged and braced
Flush
Panel
HingedRevolving
Sliding
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WINDOWS35
Types
Sash
Casement
Louvres
Sliding
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ROOF36
Types of construction
Gable
Lean to
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ROOF COMPONENTS
Barge
board
Verge
Common rafter
Valley rafter Ridge board
Jack or cripple rafter
Hip rafter
Hip jack rafter
Hip end
Fascia
Soffit
Gable end
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REFERENCE38
Building Construction Illustrated by
Francis D. K. Ching and Cassandra
Adams, Third EditionEnvironment Engineering by Joseph
Salvato, Third Edition
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THANK YOU
ANYQUESTION OR COMMENT
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