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PETE 665: Petroleum Reservoir
Engineering- Module 1, Lecture 2
Components of NaturallyOccurring Petroleum Fluids
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Professor
Components of Naturally Occurring Petroleum Fluids
Paraffin Hydrocarbons
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Polynuclear Hydrocarbons
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Other Organic Components
Sulphur/Sulfur compounds relatively
Nitrogen pyridine most othersunstable
Oxygen aromatic alcohols, aldehydes,carboxylic acids
Organo metallic trace amounts
Sulfur Compunds
Hydrogen Sulfide
2
Colorless gas
Extremely bad odor
Poisonousfatal
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Mercaptans
General formula: RSH
More disagreeable odor
Sour crude
Known also as thiols
Mercaptans, continued
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Alkyl Sulfides
thio ethers or monosulfides
Disulfides
allylsulfide
ethylmethyldisulfide
Sulfur Compounds
methanethiol(methylmercaptan)
thiophenyl
thiocyclohexane thiobenzene
dibenzothiophene methylbenzothiophene
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Oxygen Compounds
phenolcyclopentanecarboxylic acid
cyclohexanone
coumarone
benzaldehyde
Nitrogen Compounds
carbazoleethylpyridine
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Organometallic Compounds
vanadium porphyrin complex
Resins and Asphaltenes
Large molecules, primarily hydrogenand carbon with 1 to 3 sulfur ox enor nitrogen atoms per molecule
Basic structure: rings, primarilyaromatic, with 3 to 10 or more rings ineach molecule
Nonhydrocarbon atoms can be part ofring structure or can be located in linksconnecting the rings
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Resins and Asphaltenes, continued
The basic structures of resins and
Both can be reduced to hydrocarbons byhydrogenation, which yields moderateto large hydrocarbon molecules,hydrogen sulfide, and water
Resins and Asphaltenes, continued
Important differences
but are dispersed as colloids
Pure asphaltenes are solid, dry, blackpowders and are nonvolatile
Resins readily dissolve in petroleum
solids
Pure resins are as volatile as hydrocarbonsof the same size
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Resins and Asphaltenes, continued
Important differences, continued
Lighter resins are less colored
Color of petroleum determined largely byquantity of resins and asphaltenes present
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Origin of Petroleum
Origin of petroleum is organic material
Plant and animal remains
Oxygen deficient environment
Subject to temperature and burialhistory
Pressure and (geological) time have little
effect Oil window: 5000 to 20000 ft.
Origin 1
At relatively modest depths andtemperatures, (less than 5,000 feet)anaerobic bacterial action formskerogen from remains of plant andanimal matter
It is the subsequent effect oftemperature on the kerogen which
determines the properties of thepetroleum system which will ultimatelyresult
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Origin 2
At temperatures about 120 F, the
hydrocarbons, and hence lighter oil
At around 350 F, the amount ofremaining C7+ molecules in the systemwill be small, and it will have theproper es o a gas con ensa e
Origin 3
A further increase in temperature willfurther break down the intermediateparaffins to methane, which will be allthat remains above 400 F
Any organic material descending below21,000 feet is likely to produce only
me ane, an coa - e res ues
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Origin 4
The properties of any petroleum
(1) the nature of the organic sourcematerial and
(2) the degree of cooking to which it hasbeen subjected
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Identifying Components in a Complex
Hydrocarbon Mixture
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List of Hydrocarbon Peaks
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continued
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PETE 665: Petroleum Reservoir
Engineering
Dr. William McCain, Jr.
Professor
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