LATIN AMERICA AND GLOBAL GHG EMISSIONS
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1779.7
1336
834.5
604.4
538.4
490.5
365.1
269.9
237
201.9
179.8
165.8
144.2
143.7
141
138.6
138.1
135.3
122
113.1
104
103.8
102.8
2000 GHG emissions
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LULUCF
2000 GHG emissions
USA1779.7
China1336
Indonesia834.5
Brazil604.4
Russia538.4
India490.5
Japan365.1
Germany269.9
Malaysia237
Canada201.9
UK179.8
Mexico165.8
Italy144.2
South Korea143.7
Ukraine2141
Myanmar138.6
France138.1
Australia135.3
Iran122
South Africa113.1
Venezuela104
Poland103.8
Turkey102.8
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2000 GHG emissions
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TROPICALDEFORESTATION(c) WWF-Canon / Juan PRATGINESTOS
GLOBAL CO2 EMISSIONS AND DEFORESTATION~80% Fossil Fuel ~20% Land Deforestation
DEFORESTATION VS FOSSIL FUELS
MAJOR DEFORESTATION COUNTRIES (2000)WRI (2005)GHGs (MtC eq)
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699.5
374.5
190.8
116.1
39.3
26.4
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LULUCF (MtC eq)
Indonesia699.5
Brazil374.5
Malaysia190.8
Myanmar116.1
Venezuela39.3
Mexico26.4
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DEFORESTATION IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON (2003)Fonte: INPE PRODES Digital, 2004.Deforestation 2002/2003Deforestation until 20022.4 millions ha/yr deforested 60 millions ha deforested 16% of Brazilian Amazon
2050 BUSINESS AS USUAL
Deforested 2,698,735 km2 (16 PgC by 2050)Forest 3,320,409 km2Non-forest 1,497,685 km2Soares-Filho et al. 2004
2050 ALTERNATIVE SCENARIO
Deforested 1,655,734 km2 (Reduction: 40%)Forest 4,363,410 km2Non-forest1,497,685 km2Soares-Filho et al. 2004Solutions:- Public governance & Law enforcement- Land use management- Sustainable forest management- Protected areas
ENERGY SECTOR
IN BRASILBy 2020- Growth in power consumption slashed by 40%- Power avoided = five times the Itaipu hydropower plant - USD 15 Billion savings, 10M new jobs
Represent a 1/3 of residential power demandAccording to IEA, potential for large power savingsBy 2020, ambitious efficiency standards would: Reduce average refrigerator consumption by 40% Energy savings of over 4.5 Billion USDSOLUTION 1 DOMESTIC APPLIANCES
THE PROBLEM ELECTRIC WATER HEATERS1/3 of home electricity bills, 8% of national power needsConsumers cost ~ $ 10 $ 1800 in electricity generation and distributionElectric water heating for 5 million new homes = one large dam in the Amazon or 5 coal fired power station
SOLUTION 2SOLAR WATER HEATERS
Consumers cost ~ 1100 for 4-people solar water heaterMonthly power bill cut by up to 50%, bay-back period of 3 yearsArchitectural and consumers credit barriers
Growing production/trade of biofuels Biofuels are a climate solution provided the reduce GHGs emissions Potential pilot project in Brazil to produce sustianable biofuels (eg biofuels supply for the bus fleet of the London Greater AuthoritySOLUTION 3BIOFUELS
SOLUTION 1INDUSTRIAL MOTORSPower plants have a low efficiency ~40%, that is 60% waste energy in the atmosphereIn Brazil, over 50% of industrial power consumption depends on electric motorsWith a 5% efficiency improvement would: save energy equivalent to 6,5 billions kWh R$ 1.04 billion per year
Figure from National Institute for Space Research (INPE). 2005. Figures obtained from the National Institute for Space Research website, www.inpe.br, cited August 29, 2005. Figure from National Institute for Space Research (INPE). 2005. Figures obtained from the National Institute for Space Research website, www.inpe.br, cited August 29, 2005. To have a exact dimension how tropical deforestation reduction could be a very important action to mitigate climate change, I would like to show some data on Brazilian deforestation. In this picture you have deforestation until 2002 (in red color) and a more recently deforestation for 2003. Only the deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia release to atmosphere 200 millions t of C /yr. It represents 2-3% of global carbon emission.
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